File:Kaliningrad, Baltic Sea, Russia.JPG
Original file (4,256 × 2,832 pixels, file size: 8.88 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
editDescriptionKaliningrad, Baltic Sea, Russia.JPG |
English: This photograph from the International Space Station captures two great lagoons to the north and south of Kaliningrad, Russia. The dark blue features are land. The beige mass at the top and the beige mass in the lower right are the lagoons. The largest mass of beige is the Baltic Sea. From an astronaut’s perspective in low-Earth orbit, land surfaces usually appear brighter than water. But in this image, reflected sunlight, or sunglint, inverts this pattern. The light has a coppery hue, perhaps due to smog particles in the air, which enhance the red part of the spectrum.
The camera settings used to acquire sunlint images result in high contrast, which reveals the fine detail of coastlines and surface features of water bodies, while masking land surface details. The thin, 50 kilometre barge canal leading from the Baltic to Kaliningrad is visible, but the great port of Kaliningrad itself is not. Other human patterns on this intensively developed landscape—such as towns, highways and farm boundaries—are likewise masked. The area has a long human history. The growth of the Vistula spit finally cut off the north Polish city of Elblag (just beyond the bottom of the image) from the Baltic Sea in the 13th century. To reconnect Elblag with the Baltic Sea, the European Union is considering whether to fund the creation of another canal through the spit at image lower right, despite ecological concerns. |
Date | |
Source | NASA Earth Observatory |
Author | ISS Expedition 28 crew |
Camera location | 55° 00′ 00″ N, 19° 42′ 00″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 55.000000; 19.700000 |
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This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS028-E-24146. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. Other languages:
العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ български ∙ català ∙ čeština ∙ dansk ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ magyar ∙ հայերեն ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Nederlands ∙ polski ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/− |
Image acquired with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 400 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
Licensing
editPublic domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
Warnings:
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Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
Kurshsky Bay
Curonian spit
Baltic Sea
Kaliningrad
canal
canal
Vistula Lagoon
Vistula spit
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 12:25, 22 August 2011 | 4,256 × 2,832 (8.88 MB) | Originalwana (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=This photograph from the International Space Station captures two great lagoons to the north and south of Kaliningrad, Russia. From an astronaut’s perspective in low-Earth orbit, land surfaces usually appear |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D3S |
Exposure time | 1/2,000 sec (0.0005) |
F-number | f/10 |
ISO speed rating | 1,250 |
Date and time of data generation | 03:23, 2 August 2011 |
Lens focal length | 400 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | GIMP 2.6.8 |
File change date and time | 13:14, 22 August 2011 |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 03:23, 2 August 2011 |
APEX shutter speed | 10.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6.643856 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 16 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 16 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 16 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 400 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |