Orchis mascula

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Orchis mascula']

• English: Early Purple Orchid, Early-purple Orchid
• العربية: سحلب ذكري
• مصرى: سحلب ذكرى
• azərbaycanca: Erkək səhləb
• беларуская: Ятрышнік мужчынскі
• български: Заобленолистен салеп
• català: Orquídia mascle
• corsu: Orchidea maschili
• čeština: vstavač mužský
• Cymraeg: Tegeirian coch y gwanwyn
• dansk: Tyndakset Gøgeurt
• Deutsch: Männliches Knabenkraut
• Schweizer Hochdeutsch: Männliches Knabenkraut
• Ελληνικά: Όρχις η άρρην
• español: Campanos
• eesti: Jumalakäpp
• فارسی: ثعلب نر
• suomi: Miehenkämmekkä
• français: Orchis mâle
• Gaeilge: Magairlín meidhreach
• galego: Satirión morado
• hornjoserbsce: Muska pihawka
• magyar: Füles kosbor
• kernowek: tegeyryan purpur angwenton
• Lëtzebuergesch: Maans-Bouwekraut
• lietuvių: Vyriškoji gegužraibė
• latviešu: vīru dzegužpuķe
• norsk bokmål: Vårmarihånd
• Nederlands: Mannetjesorchis
• norsk nynorsk: Vårmarihand
• norsk: Vårmarihand
• polski: Storczyk męski
• português: Satirião-macho
• русский: Ятрышник мужской
• slovenčina: vstavač mužský
• slovenščina: stasita kukavica
• српски / srpski: Салеп
• српски (ћирилица): Салеп
• srpski (latinica): Salep
• svenska: Sankt Pers nycklar
• Türkçe: Er salebi
• українська: Зозулинець чоловічий

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: Angiosperms • Cladus: monocots • Ordo: Asparagales • Familia: Orchidaceae • Subfamilia: Orchidoideae • Tribus: Orchideae • Subtribus: Orchidinae • Genus: Orchis • Species: Orchis mascula (L. (1755))

Synonyms

Basionym Orchis morio var. mascula L., Sp. Pl.: 224 (1753) Homotypic synonyms Orchis rectiflorus St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 11(Mém.): 43 (1883 publ. 1884) Androrchis mascula (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein, J. Eur. Orch. 40: 544 (2008) Heterotypic synonyms Orchis vernalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 6 (1796) Orchis compressiflora Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 292 (1812) Orchis verna Fleury, Orchid. Rennes: 15 (1819) Orchis stabiana Ten., Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 453 (1831) Orchis mascula var. albiflora Tinant, Fl. Luxemb.: 438 (1836) Orchis mascula var. minima Tinant, Fl. Luxemb.: 438 (1836) Orchis mascula var. acutiflora W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 686 (1837) Orchis mascula var. obtusiflora W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 686 (1837) Orchis parreissii C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., V, 3: 542 (1845) Orchis obtusiflora Schur, Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 71 (1853) Orchis masculolatifolia Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1860: 78 (1860) Orchis mascula var. obtusata Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 642 (1866) Orchis obtusa Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 942 (1866) Orchis mascula f. brevibracteata Luerss., Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 1868: 38 (1868) Orchis pinetorum Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 5: 68 (1882) Orchis speciosa var. alba Goiran, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 50 (1883) Orchis speciosa var. rosea Goiran, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 50 (1883) Orchis mascula var. maritzii J.A.Guim., Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 72 (1887) Orchis wilmsii K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 273 (1890) Orchis mascula f. comosa M.Schulze, Orch. Deutschl.: 8 (1894) Orchis mascula var. albiflora Touss. & Hoschedé, Bull. Soc. Amis Sci. Nat. Rouen, IV, 33: 257 (1898) Orchis cochleata H.Fleischm. & M.Schulze, Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 17: 46 (1902) Orchis kromayeri M.Schulze, Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 19: 112 (1904) Orchis mascula f. kotuliana Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.: 205 (1906) Orchis mascula f. laxa Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.: 205 (1906) Orchis mascula f. minor Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.: 205 (1906) Orchis mascula f. podolica Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.: 205 (1906) Orchis mascula f. tatrensis Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.: 205 (1906) Orchis mascula f. cochleata (H.Fleischm. & M.Schulze) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 701 (1907) Orchis mascula f. brevicalcarata E.G.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 154 (1908) Orchis mascula subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 156 (1908) Orchis mascula f. platyloba W.Zimm., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 16: 8 (1910) Orchis mascula f. acutiflora (W.D.J.Koch) A.Fuchs, Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 242 (1915) Orchis mascula f. borbasiana Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 29 (1927) Orchis mascula var. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) Schltr., Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 1(4-5): 198 (1927) Orchis mascula f. reichenbachiana Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 29 (1927) Orchis mascula lusus alba (Goiran) Soó, Bot. Arch. 23: 53 (1928) Orchis mascula var. monsignatica Font Quer, Cavanillesia 1: 19 (1928) Orchis mascula lusus rosea (Goiran) Soó, Bot. Arch. 23: 54 (1928) Orchis wanjkovii E.Wulff, Fl. Taurica 1(3): 97 (1930) Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii (E.Wulff) Soó in G.Keller & al., Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 2: 170 (1932) Orchis monsignatica (Font Quer) Rivas Goday, Revista Univ. Madrid (Farm.) 1(4): 253 (1941) Orchis mascula subsp. occidentalis O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 94 (1949) × Orchidactyla kromayeri (M.Schulze) Borsos & Soó, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 8: 316 (1966) Orchis mascula var. tenera Landwehr, Wilde Orchid. Eur. 2: 557 (1977) Orchis mascula var. bicolor Balayer, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 113: 281 (1986) Orchis mascula subsp. longibracteatoides Balayer, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 133: 281 (1986) Orchis tenera (Landwehr) Kreutz, Eurorchis 3: 98 (1991) Orchis mascula subsp. acutiflora (W.D.J.Koch) Quentin, Cah. Soc. Franç. Orchidophilie 1: 82 (1993) Orchis mascula subsp. tenera (Landwehr) Del Prete, Caesiana 12: 37 (1999) Orchis mascula subsp. longicalcarata Akhalk., H.Baumann, R.Lorenz, Mosul. & Ruedi Peter, J. Eur. Orch. 37: 897 (2005) Orchis mascula subsp. maghrebiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann, J. Eur. Orch. 37: 921 (2005) Orchis lapalmensis (Leibbach & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge, Naturalistes Belges 88: 248 (2007) Orchis mascula subsp. lapalmensis Leibbach & Ruedi Peter, J. Eur. Orch. 39: 59 (2007) Orchis mascula f. longicalcarata (Akhalk., H.Baumann, R.Lorenz, Mosul. & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge, Naturalistes Belges 88: 248 (2007) Orchis mascula f. maghrebiana (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) P.Delforge, Naturalistes Belges 88: 248 (2007) Androrchis pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) D.Tyteca & E.Klein, J. Eur. Orch. 40: 543 (2008) Androrchis tenera (Landwehr) D.Tyteca & E.Klein, J. Eur. Orch. 40: 544 (2008) Androrchis mascula subsp. lapalmensis (Leibbach & Ruedi Peter) W.Foelsche & Jakely, J. Eur. Orch. 41: 350 (2009) Androrchis mascula subsp. longicalcarata (Akhalk., H.Baumann, R.Lorenz, Mosul. & Ruedi Peter) W.Foelsche & Jakely, J. Eur. Orch. 41: 350 (2009) Androrchis mascula subsp. maghrebiana (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) W.Foelsche & Jakely, J. Eur. Orch. 41: 351 (2009) Orchis mascula f. albiflora (Touss. & Hoschedé) F.M.Vázquez, Folia Bot. Extremadur. 3: 109 (2009) Orchis mascula f. fimbriata F.M.Vázquez, Folia Bot. Extremadur. 3: 110 (2009) Orchis tenera f. herculiana F.M.Vázquez, Folia Bot. Extremadur. 3: 121 (2009)

Species

Images of the whole plant

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  Orchis mascula
  France - Aveyron
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  Orchis mascula
  Ireland - County Clare
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Sweden - Öland
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Neurod bei Ettlingen
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  A Camarasa (Noguera - Catalunya)
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  Al Montsec de Rúbies (Pallars Jussà - Catalunya)
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  Al Montsec de Rúbies (Pallars Jussà - Catalunya)
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Roche-aux-faucons
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Hohenlohe
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Switzerland - Bern
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  Orchis mascula
  France - Arnaville
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  Orchis mascula
  Pyrénées-Atlantiques
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
  England - West Sussex
  Tillington
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  Orchis mascula
  Deutschland - Hessen
  Main-Kinzig-Kreis
  Steinau bei Schlüchtern
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Rügen
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  Orchis mascula
  France - Le Vuache
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  Orchis mascula
  Norway - Lofoten
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  Orchis mascula
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Simonswald-Haslach
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Simonswald-Haslach
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Wellendingen (Bonndorf im Schwarzwald)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Wellendingen (Bonndorf im Schwarzwald)

Inflorescences

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  A Busa (Solsonès - Catalunya)
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany -
  North Rhine-Westphalia
  near Warburg
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  France - Paslières
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  Orchis mascula
  France - Le Vuache
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Hohenlohe
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Hohenlohe
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  Orchis mascula
  Sweden - Öland
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  Orchis mascula
  Lithuania
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  France - Paslières
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - NRW
  Münster
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany -
  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Dourbes
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Italy - Genova
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Schönberg (Kienberg) bei Freiburg
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  A Torà (Segarra - Catalunya)
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  A Lladurs (Solsonès - Catalunya)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Neurod bei Ettlingen
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Henschelberg (bei Mosbach)

Flowers

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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Wald
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  Orchis mascula
  Lithuania
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Deutschland - Hessen
  Main-Kinzig-Kreis
  Steinau bei Schlüchtern
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  Orchis mascula
  Italy - Genova
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  Orchis mascula
  Italy - Genova
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Deutschland - Hessen
  Main-Kinzig-Kreis
  Steinau bei Schlüchtern
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Rügen
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  Orchis mascula
  Detail
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Wellendingen (Bonndorf im Schwarzwald)

Buds

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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Neurod bei Ettlingen
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Neurod bei Ettlingen
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula

Leaves

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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Rügen
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  Orchis mascula
  leaves and flower-buds
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  Orchis mascula
  Italy - Genova

Natural habitats

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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Rhoen
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Rhoen
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  Orchis mascula
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Hohenlohe-Franken
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Hohenlohe-Franken
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  Belgium - Roche-aux-faucons
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  Orchis mascula
  England- North Yorkshire
  Hebden
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Moosalbtal (bei Völkersbach)
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  Orchis mascula
  Germany - Simonswald-Haslach

Botanical illustrations

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  Orchis mascula
  plate 230 in:
  John Curtis:
  British Entomology vol. 7
  (1836)
  (with: Aradus corticalis)
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  Orchis mascula
  Figure #1 from the 1877 edition
  Charles Darwin's
  Fertilisation of Orchids.
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  Pollinium of
  Orchis mascula
  Detail of Figure #1 from the 1877 edition of
  Charles Darwin's
  Fertilisation of Orchids
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  Derivative work from Figure #1 from the 1877 edition of
  Charles Darwin's
  Fertilisation of Orchids
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  Orchis mascula
  plate 1333 in:
  Flora Batava
  (Orchidaceae),
  vol. 17,
  (1885)
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  Orchis mascula
  Moška kúkavica
  plate 455 in:
  Martin Cilenšek:
  Naše škodljive rastline
  (Orchidaceae)
  Celovec (1892)
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  Orchis mascula
  plate 44 in:
  Henry Correvon:
  Album des orchidées de l'Europe centrale et septentrionale
  Genève (1899)
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  Orchis mascula
  Tafel 22 in:
  Walter Müller:
  Abbildungen der in Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten vorkommenden Grundformen der Orchideenarten
  Berlin (1904)

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  Orchis mascula
  (as syn.
  Orchis masculus)
  plate 401 in:
  C.A.M Lindman:
  Bilder ur Nordens Flora
  (Orchidaceae)
  (1917-1927)

Subspecies - Varietas - Forma

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  Orchis mascula subsp. laxifloriformis
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  Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa

Orchis mascula subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G.Camus (1908)

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• 
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Orchis mascula var. alba

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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  plants
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  plants
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  plant
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  inflorescence
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  inflorescence
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  inflorescence
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  inflorescence
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  inflorescence
  Spain
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  plant
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  flowers
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  flowers
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  Orchis mascula
  var. alba
  flowers
  Germany - Saarland

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  Orchis mascula
  inflorescence
  „semialba“
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  Orchis mascula
  inflorescence
  „semialba“

Native distribution areas

Reference: Brummitt, R.K. (2001) TDGW - World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition Continental: Africa Regional: Macaronesia Canary Islands, Madeira. Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey. Continental: Europe Regional: Eastern Europe Baltic States, Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.

Selected Weblinks

Wikispecies has an entry on: Orchis mascula.

• Kew Gardens 'World Checklist' link : Orchis mascula