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In developmental [[biology]] and [[zoology]], '''defeminization''' is an aspect of the process of [[sexual differentiation]] by which a potential female-specific structure, function, or behavior is changed by one of the processes of male development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/defeminization|title=Defeminization definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-26}}</ref> Although the term might seem to imply "removal" of female characteristics, in nearly all biological contexts it refers to ''prevention'' of an aspect of female development from manifesting.
{{Refimprove|date=March 2018}}
 
In developmental [[biology]] and [[zoology]], '''defeminization''' is an aspect of the process of [[sexual differentiation]] by which a potential female-specific structure, function, or behavior is changed by one of the processes of male development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/defeminization|title=Defeminization definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-26}}</ref> Although the term might seem to imply "removal" of female characteristics, in nearly all biological contexts it refers to ''prevention'' of an aspect of female development from manifesting.
 
In human [[biology of gender]], the best known example of this is the prevention of development of the [[müllerian duct]] derivatives by [[anti-müllerian hormone]] (AMH) in the 3rd and 4th months of [[fetus|fetal]] development, though the term is not commonly used in discussions of human development.
 
In a number of non-human [[mammal]]s, there is evidence that hormones produced by the testes act directly on the [[brain]] to prevent development of female characteristics, especially female [[Animal sexual behavior|reproductive behavior]].
 
In humans, defeminization may be triggered by loss of [[estrogen]]s or by increased [[androgen]]s. Symptoms may include [[breast atrophy]], loss of [[gynoid fat distribution]], and other physical defeminizing changes. Defeminization may occur with the [[menopause]], with [[transmasculine hormone therapy]] ([[testosterone]] administration), and with administration of androgens and [[anabolic steroid]]s to cisgender women (e.g., for [[performance enhancement]] or for treatment of [[breast cancer]]).
 
==See also==