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{{short description|Opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck}}
{{Gluck operas}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''Echo et Narcisse''''' (''Echo and Narcissus'') was the last original [[opera]], specifically a [[drame lyrique]], written by [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]], his sixth for the French stage. The libretto was written by [[Jean-Baptiste-Louis-Théodore de Tschudi|Louis-Théodore de Tschudi]].▼
[[ImageFile:GluckEchoEtNarcisseCover.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The coverCover page of a 1779 edition of the opera's score]]▼
▲'''''EchoÉcho et Narcisse''''' (''Echo and Narcissus'') wasis thea last original1779 ''[[operadrame lyrique]]'' in three acts, specificallythe alast original [[drame lyriqueopera]], written by [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]], his sixth for the French stage. The libretto was, written by [[Jean-Baptiste-Louis-Théodore de Tschudi|Louis-Théodore de Tschudi]], tells the story of the love between [[Echo (mythology)|Echo]] and [[Narcissus (mythology)|Narcissus]].
 
==Performance history==
''EchoÉcho et Narcisse'' was first performed on 24 September 1779 by the [[Paris Opéra]] in the second [[Salle du Palais-Royal]]. ItThe opera is in the [[pastoral]] tradition, a genre not in favor at the Opéra at the time,<ref>Rushton 2001, p. 327.</ref> and it was a failure, discontinued after only 12 performances. Gluck decided to go back to [[Vienna]] and never returned to Paris. He revised the work for 8 August 1780, but this version only enjoyed nine performances.
 
A third version was presented to the public on 8 June 1781. This was better received. However, it was infrequently produced until [[René Jacobs]] revived it in 1987 at the [[Schwetzingen Festival]]. Jacobs used the revised version as the original one has not survived, except for the [[libretto]].
 
==Roles==
▲[[Image:GluckEchoEtNarcisseCover.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The cover page of a 1779 edition of the opera's score]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+{{sronly|Roles, voice types, premiere cast}}
!Role
![[Voice type]]
!Premiere Castcast, 24&nbsp; September&nbsp;1779 1779<brref>(Conductor: {{Almanacco|dmy=24-09-1779|match=Écho )et Narcisse}}</ref>
|-
|EchoÉcho, ''a nymph, ruler of the woods and waters''
|[[soprano]]
| [[Mademoiselle Beaumesnil|Mlle Beaumesnil]] (born Henriette Adélaïde de Villars)
|-
|Aglaé, ''a nymph, friend of EchoÉcho''
|soprano
|Adelaïde Gavaudan 'cadette'
|-
|Eglé, ''a nymph, friend of EchoÉcho''
|soprano
|Anne-Marie-Jeanne Gavaudan, 'L'aînée'
|-
|Amour (Cupid)
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|-
|Narcisse, ''a hunter, son of Cephisus''
|[[tenorhaute-contre]]
|[[Étienne Lainez]]
|-
|Cynire, ''friend of Narcisse''
|[[haute-contre]]
|[[Joseph Legros]]
|-
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|
|-
|Two sylvans
| colspan="3" |''Sylphs, Zephyrs and attendants and followers of Amour, Echo and Narcisse.''
|[[Bass (voice type)|bass]]<br />haute-contre
|Auguste-Athanase (Augustin) Chéron<br />{{Interlanguage link|Jean-Joseph Rousseau|it}}<ref>[[Gustave Chouquet]], ''Histoire de la musique dramatique en France depuis ses origines jusqu'à nos jours'', Paris, Firmin Didot, 1873, p. 362 ([https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9610634d/f384.item online] [[Gallica]])</ref>
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Ballet'Sylphs, Zephyrs and attendants and followers of Amour, Écho and Narcisse.''
|-
| colspan="3" |Ballet<ref>[[Théodore Lajarte|Lajarte]], 1878, p. 312</ref> -– ''ballerinas'': [[Marie-Madeleine Guimard]], Anne Heinel, Marie Allard, Peslin;<br />''male dancers'': [[Gaetano Vestris]], [[Auguste Vestris]], [[Maximilien Gardel]], [[Jean Dauberval|Jean D'Auberval]]
|-
|}
 
==Synopsis==
The nymph EchoÉcho is loved by Narcisse, but also desired by Apollo. Apollo puts a spell on Narcisse so he falls in love with his own reflection, but Cupid is eventually successful in securing a happy ending by re-uniting EchoÉcho and Narcisse.
 
==References==
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{{reflist}}
'''Sources'''
* [[Théodore Lajarte|Lajarte, Théodore]], [https://archive.org/stream/bibliothquemusi01lajagoog#page/n340/mode/2up/ "Écho et Narcisse''"], ''Bibliothèque Musicale du Théatre de l'Opéra. Catalogue Historique, Chronologique, Anecdotique'', Paris, Librairie des bibliophiles, 1878, pp.&nbsp;311–312, vol. I {{in lang|fr}}
*{{it icon}} [http://www.amadeusonline.net/almanacco.php?Start=0&Giorno=24&Mese=09&Anno=1779&Giornata=&Testo=&Parola=Stringa Amadeus Almanac, accessed 1 February 2010]
* [[Rushton, Julian]] (2001). "Christoph Willibald Gluck", pp.&nbsp;313–327, in ''The New Penguin Opera Guide'', edited by [[Amanda Holden (writer)|Amanda Holden]]. London: Penguin Books. {{ISBN|9780140514759}}.
*Hayes, Jeremy (1992), 'Echo et Narcisse' in ''The [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', ed. Stanley Sadie (London) {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}}▼
 
* {{fr icon}} [[Théodore Lajarte|Lajarte, Théodore]], ''Bibliothèque Musicale du Théatre de l'Opéra. Catalogue Historique, Chronologique, Anecdotique'', Paris, Librairie des bibliophiles, 1878, Tome I (accessible online for free at [http://www.scribd.com/doc/13265696/Bibliotheque-musicale-du-Theatre-de-lOpera-Tome-I-Theodore-de-Lajarte scribd.com] – accessed 11 February 2011)
==Further reading==
▲*Hayes, Jeremy (1992), "'Echo'Écho et Narcisse''" in ''The [[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', ed. [[Stanley Sadie]] (London) {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}}
 
==External links==
* {{IMSLP|work=Écho et Narcisse, Wq.47 (Gluck, Christoph Willibald)|cname=''Écho et Narcisse'' (Gluck)}}
* [http://www.karadar.com/index.php/it/component/resource/article/5-librettos/999933627-echo-et-narcisse-librettopdf.html Libretto] (French)
* [httphttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc13/m1/9/?q=Echo%20et%20Narcisse Score (for free)]
 
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{{Echo and Narcissus}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Écho et Narcisse}}
[[Category:Operas by Christoph Willibald Gluck]]
[[Category:French-language operas]]
[[Category:1779 operas]]
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:Operas based on Greco-Romanclassical mythology]]
[[Category:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera]]
[[Category:Operas based on Metamorphoses]]
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