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{{short description|Bishop's scarflike vestment in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic liturgical traditions}}
[[Image:Meister der Aphentico-Kirche in Mistra 001.jpg|thumb|[[Fresco]] from the 14th century depicting St. [[Gregory the Illuminator]] of Armenia wearing a white ''omophorion''.]]▼
[[Image:Spruce Island pilgrimage.jpg|thumb|300px|Archbishop Benjamin (Peterson) wearing great omophorion in Alaska.]]▼
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar|expanded=worship}}
▲[[Image:Meister der Aphentico-Kirche in Mistra 001.jpg|thumb|[[Fresco]] from the 14th century depicting St. [[Gregory the Illuminator]] of Armenia wearing a white ''omophorion''.]]
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] liturgical tradition, the '''''omophorion''''' ({{lang-grc-gre|ὠμοφόριον}}, meaning "[something] borne on the shoulders"; [[Church Slavonic|Slavonic]]: омофоръ, ''omofor'') is the distinguishing [[vestment]] of a [[bishop]] and the symbol of his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority. Originally of wool, it is a band of [[brocade]] decorated with four [[Christian Cross|crosses]] and an eight-pointed star and is worn about the neck and shoulders.<ref>[http://www.svots.edu/Press-Releases/2003-0914-nikoncross/liturgy/pages/liturgy28_jpg.htm St Vladimir's Seminary] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926230652/http://www.svots.edu/Press-Releases/2003-0914-nikoncross/liturgy/pages/liturgy28_jpg.htm |date=September 26, 2007 }}</ref> ▼
▲[[Image:Spruce Island pilgrimage.jpg|thumb|300px|Archbishop Benjamin (Peterson) wearing
▲In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] liturgical tradition, the '''''omophorion''''' ({{lang-grc-gre|ὠμοφόριον}}, meaning "[something] borne on the shoulders"; [[Church Slavonic|Slavonic]]: омофоръ, ''omofor'') is the distinguishing [[vestment]] of a [[bishop]] and the symbol of his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority. Originally woven of wool, it is a band of [[brocade]] decorated with four [[Christian Cross|crosses]] and an eight-pointed star;
By symbolizing the lost sheep that is found and carried on the [[The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|Good Shepherd]]'s shoulders, it signifies the bishop's [[pastor]]al role as the [[icon]] of [[Christ]]. All Eastern Orthodox bishops wear the ''omophorion.'' Clergy and ecclesiastical institutions, including seminaries, subject to a bishop's authority are often said to be "under his ''omophorion''" (see [[Ecclesiastical jurisdiction]]).
The equivalent vestment in Western Christian usage is the archiepiscopal ''[[pallium]],''
▲The equivalent vestment in Western Christian usage is the archiepiscopal ''[[pallium]]'', the use of which is subject to different rubrics and restrictions, while all Orthodox bishops wear the ''omophorion''.
==Use==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
[[Image:Otkrivane paraklis Svetlen 2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|
The ''omophorion'' has two forms: the ancient
Whenever
At the [[Divine Liturgy]], the [[rubrics]] call for the bishop to put on and take off the ''omophorion'' numerous times. When he is first vested, the subdeacons place the great ''omophorion'' on him, but afterwards, when the rubric calls for him to wear the ''omophorion'', it is replaced, for the sake of convenience, with the small ''omophorion''.
In modern practice in the Slavic tradition, when several bishops [[concelebration|concelebrate]], it is now the custom for the chief celebrant to use the great ''omophorion'' when called for, and the other bishops to wear the small ''omophorion'' throughout, with all bishops wearing their mitres. In modern Greek Patriarchal practice, on the other hand, all concelebrating bishops wear the great omophorion at the beginning of the Divine Liturgy, with only the chief celebrant wearing the mitre and the other bishops wearing their [[Kalimavkion|kalimavkia]] with the [[Epanokalimavkion]]. In other local Churches, notably the Church of Greece, all concelebrating bishops wear both the great omophorion and the mitre, and even carry their staffs.
In the [[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Catholic Church]] and the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]], often only the great ''omophorion'' is used. In this simplified usage, the great ''omophorion'' is not replaced by the small ''omophorion'', and is worn by the [[bishop]] throughout the entire [[liturgy]]. In such cases, the ''omophorion'' is often sewn into shape and can be simply draped onto the shoulders rather than wrapped on by assistants. Some Ukrainian Greek Catholic Bishops, however, will insist on the full ceremonial.▼
▲In the [[Ruthenian Greek
During the [[All-Night Vigil]], the bishop will wear the small ''omophorion'' at the beginning, but then near the end will change into the great ''omophorion'' for the [[Great Doxology]].▼
▲During the [[All-Night Vigil]], the bishop will wear the small ''omophorion'' at the beginning, but
==Development==
[[File:
In the [[early church]], the ''omophorion'' was a broad band of white wool ornamented with crosses and draped loosely over the neck, shoulders, and breast. The modern Roman ''[[pallium]]'' developed from this early ''omophorion.''
The ''omophorion'' probably developed from the civil ''omophorion'', a shoulder garment or shawl in general use.
=== Early omophorion ===
<gallery>
File:Gregory of Nyssa (Menologion of Basil II).jpg|Omophorion seen in the [[Menologion of Basil II]], ca. 1000 AD
File:Hosios Loukas (south west chapel, south side) - Ignatios.jpg|11-12th century fresco from the Hosios Loukas Monastery, Boeotia, Greece
File:Johnchrysostom.jpg|11th century mosaic from [[Hagia Sophia]]
File:Chora Church Constantinople 2007 014.jpg|Frescoes from [[Chora Church]], Constantinople
File:Basil of Caesarea.jpg|11th century mosaics from [[Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv|Saint Sophia Cathedral]] in Kyiv
</gallery>
==Oriental Orthodoxy==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
[[Image:BishopSebouhDuringLiturgy.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Sebouh Chouldjian|Archbishop Sebouh Chouldjian]] of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] wearing ''emip'oron'' during liturgy.]]
In [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], the ''omophorion'' takes a number of different forms:
* The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] ''emip'oron'' is similar to the Byzantine great ''omophorion''.{{cn|date=November 2014}}
* The [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] ''baţrašil'' or ''uroro rabbo'' ('great stole') is a straight strip of embroidered material, about 20 cm wide, with a head-hole midway along it, that hangs down a bishop's chest and back.
* [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox]] hierarchs ([[Patriarch]], [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitans]], and [[bishops]]) usually wear the ''omophorion''
== See also ==
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==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
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[[Category:Formal insignia]]
[[Category:History of clothing]]
[[Category:History of clothing (Western fashion)]]
[[Category:History of fashion]]
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