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{{Short description|Railway tunnel in Gansu, China}}
{{Update|inaccurate=y|date=November 2010}}
{{Infobox tunnel|image=乌鞘岭特长隧道.jpg|length={{convert|21.05|km|mi|abbr=on}}|opened=March 2006|crosses=[[Wushao Mountain]]|line=[[Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway]]|pushpin_map=China}}
The '''Wushaoling Tunnel''' ({{zh|s=乌鞘岭特长隧道|t=烏鞘嶺特長隧道|p=Wūshāolǐng Tècháng Suìdào}}) is a 21.05&nbsp;km dual-bore railway [[tunnel]] in [[Gansu]], north-west China. The east-bound bore opened on 30 March 2006. The west-bound bore is expected to open in October 2006.<ref name=Intel>{{cite news | url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/intelligence-may-2006/ | title = Intelligence | work = [[Railway Gazette International]] | date = 2006-05-01 | accessdate = 2006-06-04}}</ref> It was briefly the longest railway tunnel in China<ref name=fsdi>[http://www.fsdi.com.cn/english/projects/wpics.aspx?ID=59 The Longest Railway Tunnel in China--Wushaoling Extra-Long Tunnel], 2006-12-26 </ref> until the opening of the 27.84&nbsp;km [[Taihang Tunnel]] in late 2007.▼
 
▲The '''Wushaoling Tunnel''' ({{zh|s=乌鞘岭特长隧道|t=烏鞘嶺特長隧道|p=Wūshāolǐng Tècháng Suìdào}}) is a 21.05&nbsp;km dual-bore railway [[tunnel]] in [[Gansu]], north-west China. The east-bound{{Clarify|reason=The boretunnel openedruns onin 30north-south Marchdirection, 2006.unclear Thewhat is meant by westeast-bound|date=January 2021}} bore isopened expectedon to30 open in OctoberMarch 2006.<ref name="Intel">{{cite news |date=1 urlMay 2006|title=Intelligence|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/intelligence-may-2006/ | title accessdate=4 IntelligenceJune |2006}}</ref> workThe =second [[Railwaybore Gazetteopened International]]in |August date2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite 2006-05web|title=乌鞘岭特长隧道信号系统更新改造助力兰新铁路更畅通_滚动新闻_中国政府网|url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-01 /16/content_5358385.htm| accessdate access-date= 20062020-0612-0431|website=www.gov.cn}}</ref> It was briefly the longest railway tunnel in China<ref name="fsdi">[{{cite web| url=http://www.fsdi.com.cn/english/projects/wpics.aspx?ID=59| title=The Longest Railway Tunnel in China--Wushaoling Extra-Long Tunnel],| 2006-12-date=26 December 2006}}</ref> until the opening of the 27.84&nbsp;km [[Taihang Tunnel]] in late 2007. In 2018, a one year reconstruction of the signaling system was started.<ref name=":0" />
 
In 2019, construction of a parallel tunnel started, to carry the [[Lanzhou-Zhangye high speed railway]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=新乌鞘岭隧道开工，系兰州至张掖三四线铁路全线控制性工程_中国政库_澎湃新闻-The Paper|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_3806741|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.thepaper.cn}}</ref>
 
== Location ==
Located on the [[Lanzhou]]-[[Wuwei, Gansu|Wuwei]] section of the [[Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway|Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway]], the tunnel has reduced the distance between Dachaigou and Longgou by 30.4&nbsp;km.<ref name=Intel/> Key to the "[[Eurasian Land Bridge]]",<ref name=fsdi/> the tunnel is part of the 3,651&nbsp;km section linking [[Lianyungang]] on the [[East China Sea]] coast with [[Ürümqi]] in Northwest China.<ref name=AsiaPulse>{{cite news | title = China opens Asia's longest land tunnel railway | work = The Press Trust of India Limited | publisher = Asia Pulse Pty Limited | date = 31 March 2006}}</ref>
 
Administratively, the tunnel is located within two county-level units of [[Wuwei, Gansu|Wuwei]] Prefecture-level City. The eastern (actually, southeastern) portal is in [[Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County]] (a.k.a. Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County); the western (actually, northwestern) portal, in [[Gulang County]].
 
== Infrastructure ==
The tunnel consists of two bores with centres separated by 40&nbsp;m. It is designed to allow speeds of 160&nbsp;km/h.<ref name=Intel/> The tunnel travels through complex geology, involving four regional fault zones and soft rock. The [[New Austrian Tunnelling method]] was adopted as the construction technique. An elliptical cross-section (horseshoe shape) was used for the majority of the tunnel, with a circular section used in the geologically challenging Fault Zone No. 7.<ref name=Yang>{{cite journal | last = Yang | first = J.S. | coauthors = et al. | year date=May–July 2006 | month = May–July | title = Interactions of four tunnels driven in squeezing fault zone of Wushaoling Tunnel | journal = Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology | volume = 21 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 359 | doi = 10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.176| bibcode=2006TUSTI..21..359Y|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The right (east-bound) bore was constructed first, while the left tunnel was a parallel drift with smaller diameter to be enlarged later. The gradient is mainly 1.1%. The Wuwei portal has an altitude of 2447&nbsp;m, and the Lanzhou portal 2663&nbsp;m. The maximum depth of the tunnel is 1100&nbsp;m.<ref name=Liu>{{cite journal | last = Liu | first = Zhichun | coauthors = et al. | year date=May–July 2006 | month = May–July | title = Synthetical analysis on monitoring of Wushaoling railway tunnel | journal = Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology | volume = 21 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 363–364 | doi = 10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.180 | bibcode=2006TUSTI..21..363L|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
On 26 June 2003 [[Interfax]] reported that the total investment for the project was [[Renminbi|¥]] 7 billion ($845 million), that the project commenced construction in November 2002 and that isit was scheduled to take six and a half years to complete. Also reported was that Chinese steel manufacturer Lingyuan Iron and Steel (Linggang) would provide 4,360 tons of steel products for the tunnel project.<ref name=Interfax>{{cite news | title = Lingyuan Iron & Steel to Supply Steel Products for Asia's Longest Railway Tunnel | publisher = [[Interfax|Interfax Companies & Commodities]] | date =26 June 2003-06-26}}</ref>▼
 
== Incident ==
▲On 26 June 2003 [[Interfax]] reported that the total investment for the project was [[Renminbi|¥]] 7 billion ($845 million), that the project commenced construction in November 2002 and that is was scheduled to take six and a half years to complete. Also reported was that Chinese steel manufacturer Lingyuan Iron and Steel (Linggang) would provide 4,360 tons of steel products for the tunnel project.<ref name=Interfax>{{cite news | title = Lingyuan Iron & Steel to Supply Steel Products for Asia's Longest Railway Tunnel | publisher = [[Interfax|Interfax Companies & Commodities]] | date = 2003-06-26}}</ref>
On 26 July 2009, a locomotive taking a train on the way from [[Xi'an]] to [[Ürümqi]] caught fire in the left tunnel, about 300 meters from a tunnel portal. Over 1,700 passengers were evacuated, with injuries limited to some smoke inhalation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=27 July 2009|title=The Lanxin Line train caught fire in the Wuling Tunnel and 1700 passengers were safely evacuated|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2009-07-27/022018301547.shtml|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
 
==Coordinates==
Line 23 ⟶ 30:
[[Category:Tunnels completed in 2006]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gansu]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 2006]]
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