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Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/April 14: Difference between revisions

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<gallery>
ImageFile:Ap13.jpg|Apollo 13 mission patch
{{main page image|File:Apollo 13 Service Module - AS13-59-8500 (cropped).jpg|Damage to the Apollo 13 service module}}▼
File:Dust storm in Spearman,Texas, Wea01422.jpg|"Black Sunday" dust storm
File:Septimius Severus Glyptothek Munich 357.jpg|Bust of Septimius Severus
ImageFile:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg|Edward IV of England
File:Gnassingbé Eyadema, 1972.jpg|Gnassingbé Eyadéma
File:1999 Sydney hailstorm stones.jpg|Hailstones from the 1999 Sydney hailstorm▼
File:2-inch Quad Tape Reel with miniDV cassette.jpg|Two-inch quadruplex videotape
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12783, Alcala Zamora.jpg|Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
File:Noah Webster engraving.jpg|Noah Webster
File:John Wilkes Booth-portrait.jpg|John Wilkes Booth
▲File:1999 Sydney hailstorm stones.jpg|Hailstones from the 1999 Sydney hailstorm
File:Nuremberg Apr 14 1561.jpg|Illustration of celestial phenomena in Nuremberg
</gallery>
 
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!Reason
|-
| '''[[Pohela Boishakh|Bengali New Year]]'''<!--always April 14-->,
|[[193]] – '''[[Septimius Severus]]''' seized the throne of the [[Roman Empire]] after the death of [[Pertinax]] during the [[Year of the Five Emperors]].
| expansion
|date not verifiable - many sources say 9 April
|-
| [[1434]] – The foundation stone of the '''[[Nantes Cathedral|Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul]]''' in [[Nantes]], [[Brittany]], France, was first laid, but the building was not completed until more than four centuries later in 1891.
|refimprove
|-▼
*| [[1561]] – In [[Nuremberg]], there was a '''[[1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg|A mass sighting of celestial phenomena]]'''<!-- ''(depicted)''--> occurred in [[Nuremberg]], Germany, where observers described an "aerial battle" between odd-shaped objects.▼
| Not MP worthy
|-
| [[1828]] – [[Lexicography|Lexicographer]] '''[[Noah Webster]]''' copyrighted the first edition of his [[Webster's Dictionary|dictionary of American English]]<!-- not bold, refimprove section-->.
| refimprove section
▲|-
| [[1865]] – Actor and [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] sympathizer [[John Wilkes Booth]] '''[[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|fatally shot]]''' U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] at [[Ford's Theatre]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]▼
| [[Template:POTD/2020-04-14|POTD for 2020]]
|-
| [[1927]] – The first '''[[Volvo Cars|Volvo]]''' automobile was built in the factory in [[Hisingen]], [[Gothenburg]], Sweden.
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|-
| [[1931]] – After King [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|{{nowrap|Alfonso XIII}}]] left Spain, the '''[[Second Spanish Republic]]''' was proclaimed by a [[provisional government]] led by [[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]].
| lead too long
| unreferenced section, refimprove section
|-
| [[1939]] – '''''[[The Grapes of Wrath]]''''', [[John Steinbeck]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Pulitzer Prize]]–winning novel and a major factor in his 1962 [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] award, was first published.
| refimprove sections
|-▼
| [[1945]] – The [[4th Canadian (Armoured) Division]] '''[[Razing of Friesoythe|deliberately destroyed]]''' the German town of [[Friesoythe]] on the orders of Major General [[Christopher Vokes]].▼
| [[WP:Today's featured article/April 14, 2020|TFA for 2020]]
|-
| [[1956]] – The use of '''[[Quadruplex videotape|2-inch quadruplex]]'''<!-- ''(example pictured)''-->, the first practical and commercially successful [[videotape]] format, was first demonstrated in public.
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|[[2010]] – Plumes of ash from [[2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull|a major eruption]] of the [[Eyjafjallajökull]] volcano in Iceland led to '''[[Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption|widespread disruption]]''' of air travel throughout Europe for several days.
|need to verify date -- earliest date with citation is 15 Apr
▲|-
| '''[[John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu]]'''<!--English nobleman--> |d|1471
| lead too long
|-
|'''[[N'Ko script|N'Ko Alphabet Day]]''' in West Africa ([[1949]])
|Date not cited
|-
| '''[[M. Visvesvaraya|M.&nbsp;Visvesvaraya]]'''<!--Indian engineer--> |d|1962
|conflicting dates
|-
| '''[[Junko Sakurada]]'''<!--Japanese singer/actress--> |b|1958
|date failed verification
|}
 
==Eligible==
* [[966]] – Polish ruler [[Mieszko I of Poland|{{nowrap|Mieszko &nbsp;I}}]], ruler of the [[Polans (western)|Polans]], '''[[Christianization of Poland|converted to Christianity]]''', an event considered to be the '''[[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|founding of the Polish state]]'''.▼
* [[1471]] – [[Wars of the Roses]]: The [[House of York|Yorkists]] under [[Edward IV of England|{{Nowrap|Edward &nbsp;IV}}]] '''[[Battledefeated of Barnet|defeated]]''' the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrians]] nearat the town'''[[Battle of [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]]''', killing [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick]].
▲* [[1561]] – In [[Nuremberg]], there was a '''[[1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg|mass sighting of celestial phenomena]]'''<!-- ''(depicted)''--> where observers described an "aerial battle" between odd-shaped objects.
▲|* [[1865]] – Actor and [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] sympathizer [[John Wilkes Booth]] '''[[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|fatally shot]]''' U.S. Presidentpresident [[Abraham Lincoln]] at [[Ford's Theatre]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* [[1906]] – The '''[[Azusa Street Revival]]''', the primary catalyst for the spread of [[Pentecostalism]] in the 20th century, opened in Los Angeles.
* [[1908]] – The first '''[[Hauser Dam]]''' in the U.S. state of [[Montana]] failed, and causedcausing severe flooding and damage downstream.
* [[1909]] – Following [[31 March Incident|a reactionary military revolt]] against the [[Committee of Union and Progress]], a mob began '''[[Adana massacre of 1909|a massacre of Armenian Christians]]''' in the [[Adana Vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].▼
* [[1944]] – The freighter [[SS Fort Stikine|SS ''Fort Stikine'']], carrying a mixed cargo of cotton bales, gold and ammunition, '''[[1944 Bombay explosion|exploded]]''' in the harbour in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India, sinking surrounding ships and killing about 800 people.▼
* [[1935]] – [[Dust Bowl]]: '''[[Black Sunday (storm)|A severe dust storm]]''',<!-- one of the worst in U.S. history,''(pictured)''--> swept across [[Oklahoma]] and northern [[Texas]], removing an estimated 300&nbsp;million tons of [[topsoil]] from the prairies.▼
* [[1967]] – After leading a military coup three months earlier, '''[[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]]''' installed himself as [[List of Presidents of Togo|President of Togo]], a post which he held until 2005.▼
▲|* [[1945]] – The [[4thWorld CanadianWar&nbsp;II]]: (Armoured)The DivisionGerman town of [[Friesoythe]] '''[[Razing of Friesoythe|deliberatelywas destroyedrazed]]''' by the German town of [[Friesoythe4th Canadian Division]] on the orders of Major General [[Christopher Vokes]].
* [[1970]] – An oxygen tank aboard '''[[Apollo 13|{{nowrap|Apollo 13}}]]''' exploded ''(damage pictured)'', causing the [[NASA]] spacecraft to lose most of its oxygen and electrical power.
▲* [[1967]] – After leading a military coup three months earlier, '''[[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]]''' installed himself as [[List of Presidentspresidents of Togo|President of Togo]], a post whichthat he held until 2005.
* [[1978]] – Thousands of Georgians '''[[1978 Georgian demonstrations|demonstrated]]''' in [[Tbilisi]] against an attempt by the [[Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgian SSR]] to change the constitutional status of the [[Georgian language]].
* [[1999]] – A storm '''[[1999 Sydney hailstorm|A storm dropped]]''' an estimatedaround 500,000 [[tonne]]stonnes of [[hail]]stones inon Sydney<!-- ''(examples pictured)''--> and along the east coast of [[New South Wales]], causing about [[Australian dollar|A$]]{{Nowrap|2.3 &nbsp;billion}} in damages, the costliest [[natural disaster]] in Australian insurance history.▼
* [[1994]] – In a [[friendly fire]] incident during [[Operation Provide Comfort]] in northern Iraq, two [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] aircraft mistakenly '''[[1994 Black Hawk shootdown incident|shot down]]''' two [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] helicopters, killing 26 people.▼
* [[2010]] – Nearly 2,700 people were killed in '''[[2010 Yushu earthquake|an earthquake]]''' registering {{nowrap|6.9 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]}} in [[Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], China.▼
▲* [[1999]] – A storm '''[[1999 Sydney hailstorm|dropped]]''' an estimated 500,000 [[tonne]]s of [[hail]]stones in Sydney<!-- ''(examples pictured)''--> and along the east coast of [[New South Wales]], causing about [[Australian dollar|A$]]{{Nowrap|2.3 billion}} in damages, the costliest [[natural disaster]] in Australian insurance history.
* [[2014]] – [[Boko Haram]] militants '''[[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping|kidnapped 276 female studentsschoolgirls]]''' from thea Governmentgovernment Secondarysecondary Schoolschool in the town of [[Chibok]] in [[Borno State]], Nigeria.
* Born/died this day: | '''[[Lucia Visconti]]'''<!--Italian/English (noblewoman--> |d.&nbsp;|1424 | '''[[JohnChristiaan Neville,Huygens]]'''<!--Dutch 1stphysicist--> Marquess|b|1629| of'''[[William MontaguWhitehead (poet)|William Whitehead]]'''<!--English--> (|d.&nbsp;1471) |1785| '''[[ChristiaanHarriett HuygensEllen Grannis Arey]]'''<!--American (b.&nbsp;1629)educator--> |b|1819| '''[[WilliamAlexander WhiteheadGreenlaw (poet)|William WhiteheadHamilton]]'''<!--Australian (d.&nbsp;1785)biologist--> |b|1852| '''[[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom]]''' (|b.&nbsp;|1857) | '''[[V. Gordon Childe]]''' (b|V.&nbsp;1892)Gordon | '''[[John GielgudChilde]]'''<!--Australian (archaeologist--> |b.&nbsp;1904) |1892| '''[[L. L. Zamenhof|{{Nowrap|L. L.}} Zamenhof]]'''<!--Polish (inventor of Esperanto--> |d.&nbsp;|1917) | '''[[Rod Steiger]]'''<!--American (actor--> |b.&nbsp;|1925) | '''[[YakovBerry DzhugashviliBerenson]]'''<!--American (d.&nbsp;1943)photographer, female--> | '''[[Berry Berenson]]''' (b.&nbsp;|1948) | '''[[Rachel Carson]]'''<!--American (environmentalist--> |d.&nbsp;|1964) | '''[[Lita (wrestler)|Lita]]'''<!--American--> (|b.&nbsp;|1975) | '''[[Sarah Michelle Gellar]]'''<!--American (actress--> |b.&nbsp;|1977)
 
==Notes==
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{{divhide|end}}
</noinclude>
'''[[April 14]]''': '''[[Pahela Baishakh|Bengali New Year]]'''<!--always April 14-->, '''[[Puthandu|Tamil New Year]]''', and [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year|other New Year festivals]] in South and Southeast Asia]] (20202024); '''[[1978 Georgian demonstrations|Day of the Georgian Language]]''' ([[1978]]); '''[[N'Ko script|N'Ko Alphabet Day]]''' in West Africa ([[1949]])
{{main page image/OTD|File:Apollo13-wehaveaproblem.ogg|"Houston, we've had a problem here"}}
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img">
* [[43&nbsp;BC]] – [[War of Mutina]]: Despite initial success, troops loyal to [[Mark Antony]] '''[[Battle of Forum Gallorum|were defeated]]''' near the ''[[Via Aemilia]]'' in northern Italy by legions loyal to the [[Roman Senate]].
▲{{main page image|File:Apollo 13 Service Module - AS13-59-8500 (cropped).jpg|Damage to the Apollo 13 service module}}
▲* [[1944]] – The freighter '''''[[SS Fort Stikine|SS ''Fort Stikine'']]''''', carrying a mixed cargo of cotton bales, gold and ammunition, '''[[1944 Bombay explosion|exploded]]''' in the harbour]]''' inof [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India, sinking surrounding ships and killingcausing about 800 peopledeaths.
</div>
* [[1970]] – After an oxygen tank aboard '''[[Apollo 13|Apollo&nbsp;13]]''' exploded<!-- ''(damage pictured)''-->, disabling the spacecraft's electrical and [[life-support system]]s, astronaut [[Jack Swigert]] reported: "'''[[Houston, we have a problem|Houston, we've had a problem here]]'''" ''(audio featured)''.
* [[43 BC|{{nowrap|43 BC}}]] – [[Mark Antony]]'s forces initially had the upper hand in the '''[[Battle of Forum Gallorum]]''', but were forced to retreat by a counter-attack by [[Roman Republic]]an legions.
* [[1983]] – '''''[[Let's Dance (David Bowie album)|Let's Dance]]''''', English musician [[David Bowie]]'s best-selling album, was released.
▲* [[966]] – [[Mieszko I of Poland|{{nowrap|Mieszko I}}]], ruler of the [[Polans (western)|Polans]], '''[[Christianization of Poland|converted to Christianity]]''', an event considered to be the '''[[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|founding of the Polish state]]'''.
▲* [[1994]] – [[Iraqi no-fly zones conflict]]: In a [[friendly fire|friendly-fire]] incident during [[Operation Provide Comfort]] in northern Iraq, two [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] aircraft mistakenly '''[[1994 Black Hawk shootdown incident|mistakenly shot down]]''' two [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] helicopters over northern Iraq, killing 26 people.
▲* [[1935]] – [[Dust Bowl]]: '''[[Black Sunday (storm)|A severe dust storm]]''', one of the worst in U.S. history, swept across [[Oklahoma]] and northern [[Texas]], removing an estimated 300&nbsp;million tons of [[topsoil]] from the prairies.
{{Born and died list| '''[[Anne Sullivan]]'''<!--American educator--> |b|1866| '''[[John Gielgud]]'''<!--English actor--> |b|1904| '''[[Yakov Dzhugashvili]]'''<!--Georgian soldier, son of Stalin--> |d|1943}}
▲* [[1909]] – Following [[31 March Incident|a reactionary military revolt]] against the [[Committee of Union and Progress]], a mob began '''[[Adana massacre of 1909|a massacre of Armenian Christians]]''' in the [[Adana Vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
▲* [[2010]] – Nearly 2,700 people were killed in '''[[2010 Yushu earthquake|an earthquake]]''' registering {{nowrap|6.9 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]}} in [[Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], China.
{{hlist | '''[[Harriett Ellen Grannis Arey]]''' (b.&nbsp;1819) | '''[[Arthur Matthew Weld Downing]]''' (b.&nbsp;1850) | '''[[M. Visvesvaraya]]''' (d.&nbsp;1962) }}
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=April|Day=14}}
<noinclude>
</noinclude>
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