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{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Dusky Grouse
| statusname = LCDusky grouse
| status_system = IUCN3.1▼
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22734690 |title=''Dendragapus obscurus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| image = Dendragapus obscurus USNPS.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Male displaying, [[Yellowstone National Park]]
| image2 = Dendragapus obscurus NPS.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image2_caption = Female in New Mexico, USA
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| status = LC
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
▲| status_system = IUCN3.1
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Dendragapus obscurus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22734690A95095102 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734690A95095102.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| familia = [[Phasianidae]]
| genus = ''[[Dendragapus]]''▼
| subfamilia = [[Tetraoninae]]
| species = ''D. obscurus''▼
▲| genus = ''[[Dendragapus]]''
| authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822)
▲| species = ''D. obscurus''
| binomialrange_map = ''Dendragapus obscurus'' map.svg
| binomial_authority =
}}
 
The '''Duskydusky Grousegrouse''' ('''''Dendragapus obscurus''''') is a species of [[forest]]-dwelling [[grouse]] native to the [[Rocky Mountains]] in [[North America]].<ref name=hbw>del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401-402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona {{ISBN |84-87334-15-6}}.</ref><ref name=Sibley>{{cite book | author=[[David Allen Sibley|Sibley, D.]] | author-link=David Allen Sibley | title=[[The Sibley Guide to Birds]] | publisher=Knopf | year=2000 | isbn=0-679-45122-6 | page =[https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/143 143] }}</ref> It is closely related to the [[Sootysooty Grousegrouse]] (''Dendragapus fuliginosus''), and the two were previously considered a single species, the [[Dendragapus|Blueblue Grousegrouse]].<ref name="hbw"/><ref name="Sibley"/><ref name="AOU">{{cite journal | last=Banks | first=R. C. | coauthorslast2=Cicero, |first2= C., |last3=Dunn, |first3=J. L., |last4=Kratter, |first4=A. W., |last5=Rasmussen, |first5=P. C., |last6=Remsen, |first6=J. V., Jr., |last7=Rising, |first7=J. D., & |last8=Stotz, |first8=D. F. | title=Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds | journal=The Auk | year=2006 | volume=123 | issue=3 | pages= 926–936 | url = http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_47.pdf | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-09-16 | doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
==Description==
Adults have a long square tail, gray at the end. Adult males are mainly dark with a purplish [[throat sac|throat air sac]] surrounded by white, and a yellow to red wattle over the eye during [[display (zoology)|display]]. Adult females are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.<ref name=Sibley/>
 
Males are larger than females, with a male mean body mass of 1.21 kg (2.67 lbs.) compared to a mean 0.91 kg (2.01 lbs.) in females.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dunning, Jr. |first=John B. |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |publisher=CRC Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4200-6444-5 |edition=2nd |pages=71}}</ref>
Their breeding habitat is the edges of [[conifer]] and mixed forests in mountainous regions of western [[North America]], from southeastern [[Alaska]] and [[Yukon]] south to [[New Mexico]].<ref name=Sibley/> Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. Their nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.▼
==Distribution and habitat==
▲TheirThe breeding habitat of the dusky grouse is the edges of [[conifer]] and mixed forests in mountainous regions of western [[North America]], from southeastern [[Alaska]] and [[Yukon]] south to [[New Mexico]].<ref name=Sibley/> Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. Their nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.
 
== Taxonomy ==
They are permanent residents but move short distances by foot and short flights to denser forest areas in winter, with the odd habit of moving to higher altitudes in winter.<ref name=hbw/>▼
The dusky grouse has four recognized subspecies:<ref>Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 October 2021.</ref>
 
* ''D. o. obscurus'' <small>([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822)</small>
These birds forage on the ground, or in trees in winter. In winter, they mainly eat [[fir]] and [[douglas-fir]] needles, occasionally also [[Tsuga|hemlock]] and [[pine]] needles; in summer, other green plants (''[[Pteridium]], [[willow|Salix]]''), [[berry|berries]] (''[[Gaultheria]], [[Mahonia]], [[Rubus]], [[Vaccinium]]''), and [[insect]]s (particularly [[ant]]s, [[beetle]]s, [[grasshopper]]s) are more important. Chicks are almost entirely dependent on insect food for their first ten days.<ref name=hbw/>▼
* ''D. o. oreinus'' <small>([[William H. Behle|Behle]] & Selander, 1951)</small>
* ''D. o. pallidus'' <small>([[Harry Swarth|Swarth]], 1931)</small>
* ''D. o. richardsonii'' <small>([[David Douglas (botanist)|Douglas]], 1829)</small>
 
==Migration==
▲They are permanent residents but move short distances by foot and short flights to denser forest areas in winter, with the odd habit of moving to higher altitudes in winter.<ref name=hbw/>
==Diet==
▲TheseDusky birdsgrouse forage mainly for plant matter on the ground, oras well as in trees and along branches (in the winter). InDuring winterthe coldest months, they mainly eat [[fir]] and [[douglas-fir]] needles, occasionally alsoconsuming [[Tsuga|hemlock]] and [[pine]] needles;, as well. Then, in the spring and summer, otherthe fresh green plantsgrowth of various herbaceous perennials (''[[Pteridium]], [[willow|Salix]]''), and [[berry|berries]] plants (''[[Gaultheria]], [[Mahonia]], [[Rubus]], [[Vaccinium]]''), andas well as [[insectinvertebrate]]s (particularly larger [[ant]]s, [[beetle]]s, [[crickets]] and [[grasshopper]]s), arebecome more importantavailable and thus more readily consumed. Chicks are almost entirely dependent on insect foodprey for theirseveral firstweeks tenafter dayshatching.<ref name=hbw/>
 
==Breeding==
Males sing with deep hoots on their territory and make short flapping flights to attract females. Females leave the male's territory after mating.
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==External links==
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*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Scientific&KEYWORDS=dendragapus+obscurus&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Dusky Grouse photo gallery] VIREO
 
{{Taxonbar|from=Q543345}}
[[Category:Grouse]]▼
 
[[Category:Tetraonidae]]
▲[[Category:Grouse|dusky grouse]]
[[Category:Dendragapus|dusky grouse]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Rocky Mountains]]
[[Category:Native birds of Western Canada]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States]]
[[Category:RockyBirds Mountainsdescribed in 1823|dusky grouse]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]]
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