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| location_city = [[Manhattan]],
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| alternate_names = Walker House
| start_date = 1829
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'''404 West 20th Street''' is a historic building in [[Manhattan]], New York City. Built between 1829 and 1830, it is the oldest house in the city's [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]] neighborhood. It is a [[Framing (construction)|frame]] structure with a facade of red [[Brickwork#Flemish bond|Flemish bond]] brick. Originally designed in [[Federal architecture|Federal style]], it was later modified to conform to the [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek-revival]] style of neighboring houses. Often called by its street address, it is also called the Walker House after its first owner, Hugh Walker.
As a structure within the bounds of the [[Chelsea Historic District]], the building's historic integrity is protected by the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first it remained much as it had been in the nineteenth. In
==History of the site==
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|caption2=(2) Detail showing the Mandeville Farm in 1773 taken from a map by Gerard Bancker called "A map of the lands belonging to the estate of the late Sir Peter Warren lying at Greenwich in the outward of the city of New York" (26 x 10 inches, pen and ink, held by the New York Public Library)
|image3=1928MacarthyStokesMapOfDutchFarmsNYPLDetail.jpg
|caption3=(3) Detail showing the Mandeville Farm in Blocks
|footer= }}
{{Multiple image
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|footer= }}
Before European settlers arrived in the seventeenth century, the spot where the Walker House would be built lay on the northern edge of a
A few years before the start of the war, Kieft issued a grant for farm land located where the Walker House would later be built. The land holder was a man named Jan Cornelissen of Rotterdam, also called Jan Van Rotterdam.<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1928 v6"/>{{rp|149}}<ref name="Register of New Netherland 1865"/> A map made in 1639 by Dutch cartographer Joan Vinckeboons <!--or [[Johannes Vingboons]]-->shows the property and its farmhouse.<ref name="Manatus Map 1639"/> A detail from this map, shown here as Image No. 1, designates the property by the number 14 at center (the other number 14, to the right, indicates a second property granted to the same man). The map is oriented with north to the right so that the town of New Amsterdam, within its walls, is at far left. <!--The Vinckeboons map is held by the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress. See "Map sources", below, for details.-->After Van Rotterdam's death in 1643, the property passed to his widow, who died in 1645.<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1916 v2"/>{{rp|192}} In 1652, the [[Dutch West India Company]] seized the property for non-payment of a debt and then leased it to Jan Jansen Langendye for ten years on his promise to pay the debt. In 1662, the New Netherland council granted the land jointly to [[Allard Anthony]] and Paulus Leenderts van der Grift.<!--A copy of this grant is held in the New York State Archives.--> Since both men had held the position of burgomaster, an elected position analogous to mayor, the property, which had been known simply as land formerly occupied by Jan Van Rotterdam, became known as Burgomasters' Bouwerie (burgomasters' farm). After the British took over the colony in 1664, the governor of New York confirmed the two men as joint owners.<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1928 v6"/>{{rp|118}} <!--The lower farm was granted to [[Allard Anthony]] and Paulus Leenderts van der Grift, February 16, 1662.-Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 234. This tract, called 53 morgen, became vested in Jellis Jansen Mandeville, June 21, 1679.-Liber Deeds, XXVI: 474; Liber B: 185. It lay between 14th and 24th Streets, Eighth Avenue and the Hudson River. It later became known as the Yellis Mandeville Farm.<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1928 v6"/>{{rp|118}}--> In 1679, Van de Grift having previously acquired Anthony's interest in the property, he sold it to Jellis Jansen Mandeville.<!--Jellis was also called Giles, Yulius, Julius, Jillis, or Yellis Jansen De Mandeville.--> In 1701, Mandeville sold it to his son David.<ref name="Ancestry of Leander Howard Crall 1908"/> From this time forward, the property was called The Mandeville Farm.<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1928 v6"/>{{rp|118}} The document recording the sale, called an indenture, says it covered an area of fifty-three morgen, which at about one-half acre per morgen is equivalent to about twenty-six and one-half acres. It also says the property included at least one house, stable, orchard, garden, and meadow ground.<ref name="Ancestry of Leander Howard Crall 1908"/> It is named "Jellis Mandivill's Land" in a map made in 1773. A detail from a digital reproduction of this map is shown here as Image No. 2. The Mandeville farm appears on the top left (northwest) corner of this map.
It is also shown on a map of original grants and farms made by Jennie F. Macarthy and published in 1928. A detail from a digital image of this map is shown here as Image No. 3. The map shows the boundaries of farms on the modern grid of streets and each block has been given a sequential number. The Mandeville Farm covers some or all of blocks
A record of New York residents in 1789 suggests that David Campbell might have been a lawyer.<ref name="City of New York in 1789 1973"/>{{rp|26}}<!--The 1789 directory lists only one David Campbell.--> Rivington was well-known publisher and bookseller. During his life, [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]] denounced him as an outspoken [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]; historians have since found that he was a useful informant in the intelligence service run by [[George Washington]].<ref name="City of New York in 1789 1973"/>{{rp|204}}<ref name="William and Mary Quarterly Jan 1959"/> Benjamin Moore was an [[Episcopal Diocese of New York#Bishops of New York|Episcopal bishop]]
A map published in 1776 shows the general location of the Clarke estate. A detail from a digital reproduction of this map is shown here as Image No. 4. The parcel owned by Benjamin Moore was located directly to the north of the property marked "Oliver Delaney Esq.". The Clarke estate contained orchards, copses, and open fields, while the Moore strip of land contained arable land and fields. The road that led to the southeast corner of the Clarke estate and that gave access to Clarke property and the Moore strip was called Abingdon Road or Love Lane.<ref name="Memorial History 1892"/> Expressed in modern context, the estate, with the addition of Benjamin Moore's property, extended from Eighth Avenue on the east to river's edge at about Tenth Avenue on the west and from the north side of Nineteenth Street on the south to the south side of Twenty-fourth Street on the north. Shown against the modern grid of streets, Clement Clarke Moore's complete inheritance of is shown on a map made in 1891. A detail from a digital reproduction of this map is shown here as Image No. 5.
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Celebrated as the author of [[A Visit from St. Nicholas]], Clement Clarke Moore was a wealthy landowner, scholar, and benefactor of the Episcopal church in New York. At the time he received it from his parents, the estate that Captain Thomas Clarke had assembled was, as one writer said in 1892, "a quiet rural retreat on the banks of the river, far removed from the noise and bustle of the now crowded city".<ref name="Memorial History 1892"/> In 1811, Moore joined other landowners in opposing the city's plan to impose a grid of east-west streets and north-south avenues on Manhattan north of Houston Street.<ref name="C C Moore Plain Statement 1818"/> Soon after they lost that battle, the city constructed one of the new avenues, Ninth, through the eastern part of his holdings and soon after that Moore decided to donate a whole city block between two projected new streets, 20th and 21st, and between Ninth and projected Tenth Avenue. The recipient was the Episcopalian church's [[General Theological Seminary]] where Moore taught Asian and Greek languages and literature.<ref name="The Greatest Grid 2015"/> Construction of the seminary's buildings began in 1819 and was completed in 1827.<ref name="Landmarks Preservation Commission 1970 "/> Two years later, Moore leased a plot for construction of the first private residence to be built on his land. The plot lay across 20th Street near the corner of Ninth Avenue. The lessee was a man named Hugh Walker.<ref name="NYC Land Records 1829"/><ref name="Longworth's American Almanac 1829"/>
In 1833, Moore partnered with a builder named James N. Wells to offer leases for the
In 1835, a real estate firm employed by Moore and Wells published an advertising map showing the lots that were available for lease, indicating which had been committed to lessees, and stating some of the restrictions placed on the leaseholds. A digital reproduction of this map is shown here as Image No. 6. The map shows the lot occupied by the Walker House without any label save its number, 339, and a notation of its twenty-five
Wells died in 1860 and Moore in 1863.<ref name="New York Times Dec 1912"/> The heirs of both men continued to lease or sell empty lots and expired leaseholds into the twentieth century.<ref name="New York: Old & New 1902"/> Asked the value of the Moore property in 1931, the head of the Wells realty firm gave an estimate of $40,000,000.<ref name="New York Times Jul 1931"/>
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[[File:1939TaxPhotoNYC-Bock117Lot46.png|left|thumb|(7) Real Property Tax Photo taken for the Works Project Administration and the New York City Tax Department showing Block 717, Lot 46, 404 West 20th Street in 1939 or 1940]]
[[File:1965DoyelPhotoOf404West20thStreet.jpg|left|thumb|(8) Leslie Doyel standing in front of the Walker House in 1965, the year her family bought the building]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:2020WalkerHouseRealEstatePhoto..jpg|left|thumb|(9) Photo taken about 2020 from a 2024 listing in a real estate website{{Deletable file-caption|Saturday, 11 May 2024|F7}}]] -->
One of the new lessees who were named on the advertising map of 1835 was a friend of Moore and Wells, the merchant and real estate developer Don Alonzo Cushman. In the years
==Owners and tenants==
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[[Joseph Dixon (inventor)|Joseph Dixon]], an inventor, entrepreneur, and manufacturer, was the Walker House's first prominent renter. He and his family and servants lived there between 1894 and 1907.<ref name="New York Times May 1894"/><ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1896"/><ref name="New York Times Nov 1907"/> [[Edward Sims Van Zile]], an author and playwright, lived there with his wife, daughter, and servants between 1908 and 1910.<ref name="Brooklyn Life 1908"/><ref name="US Census 1910"/> Between 1917 and 1943, the artist [[Ann Brockman]] lived in the Walker House with her husband William C. McNulty. McNulty, also an artist, lived there for another two years following Brockman's death.<ref name="North Shore Blue Book 1917"/><ref name="Whitney Exhibition 1945"/>
This list gives the names of other people who have rented apartments in Walker House.{{refn|group=note|Where none other is cited, the source is the database of New York City directories maintained by ancestry.com. }} There are no records of tenants after 404 w 20 LLC bought the house.{{refn|group=note|A search of newspapers and real estate websites uncovered no tenants between 1965, when John S. Doyle bought the house, until 2024. }}
# 1876 Aigner John, upholsterer<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1876"/>
# 1876 James H. Wickes, merchant (refrigerators)
#
# 1879 Andrew H. Butler, decorator
# 1879 Harriet A. Butler
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# 1897 Elizabeth Selma Lazareff<ref name="Columbia Univ Catalog 1897"/>
# 1903 Michael Walsh and Elizabeth West<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1903"/>
#
# 1917 William Disraeli Bedford, painter and decorator<ref name="Draft Registration 1917"/>
#
# 1922 Charles Shreve Hallowell, advertising<ref name="Phi Kappa Psi Catalog 1922"/>
# 1940 Frank Gunter and his wife Sue and Elinor J. Oldenburg<ref name="US Census 1940"/>
# 1950 Lovdal, Norwegian concert pianist, tenant<ref name="Christian Science Monitor Apr 1950"/>
#
==Controversy over proposed conversion to condominiums==
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The Walker House is located within the Chelsea Historic District but is not listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Historic District rules cover the "exterior elements" of buildings within their boundaries. The emphasis is on preserving their appearance as viewed from "any public thoroughfare". In addition to exterior restoration and repair, they allow, with some restrictions, rooftop, rear, and side yard additions. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission is charged with administering the rules.<ref name="Preservation Commission Rules 2023"/>
In 2016, the new owner of the Walker House applied to the commission for permission to make extensive changes to the building.<ref name="NYC LPC Permits 2016"/> Immediately thereafter, Local groups and individuals began a campaign to prevent the owner from making the proposed changes. They did so in testimony at a public hearing held by the commission and in subsequent publications and interviews with reporters. The opponents included the city's local advisory committee, a representative body called [[Manhattan Community Board 4]].<ref name="Preservation Commission Rules 2023"/> A letter from the chair of Community Board 4 said that the proposed changes would, in effect, "demolish the entire house except for its brick street facade."<ref name="Oldest Home Becomes Battleground Jun 2016"/> Supporters of the proposed alterations said the proposed work was necessary because the structure was in serious disrepair and might be structurally unsound.<ref name="A House Divided Jun 2016"/> A letter to the commission from the executive director of the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation
After reviewing the critics' testimony and submissions, the commission granted permits to the owner to proceed with the proposed alterations. The permits were set to expire in 2022 but were extended to 2027.<ref name="NYC LPC Permits 2022"/>
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When it extended the permits, the commission issued a document that summarized the proposed changes, as approved. The three above-ground stories would be expanded into the backyard. The basement would be expanded under the front setback and also into the backyard. The alley separating the house from its neighbor to the east would be filled in. The roof would be modified and raised. The facade would be restored without substantially altering its appearance.<ref name="NYC LPC Permits 2022"/>
H5 Properties is a real estate marketing firm that specializes in producing [[Virtual home staging|virtual stagings]] and other [[Computer graphics#Rendering|renderings]] via a combination of photography and [[computer graphics]]. The company prepares digital images of properties to show them as they might appear after they have been altered or renovated. In 2018, they made a set of images that show the Walker House alterations, including both the changes approved by the commission and interior changes that are outside the scope of the commission's jurisdiction. They show a
== Notes ==
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<ref name="Record and Guide Apr 1896">{{cite journal |title=Chattels, Household Furniture |author= |journal=Real Estate Record and Guide |date=1896-04-04 |volume=57 |issue=1464 |page=592 |jstor= |url=https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_017&page=ldpd_7031148_017_00000636&no=2 |archive-date= |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name="NYS Historical Association 1906">{{cite journal |title=Footprints of the Red Men |author=E. M. Ruttenber |journal=Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association |year=1906 |volume=6 |issue= |pages=
<ref name="William and Mary Quarterly Jan 1959">{{cite journal |title=The Tory and the Spy: The Double Life of James Rivington |author=Lucy Dubois Akerly |journal=William and Mary Quarterly |date=January 1959 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=
<ref name="Early American Studies Summer 2015">{{cite journal |title=History, Memory, and the Indian Struggle for Autonomy in the Seventeenth-Century Hudson Valley |author=Jason R. Sellers |journal=Early American Studies |date=Summer 2015 |volume=13 |issue=3 |page=718 |jstor=24474862 |url= |archive-date= |quote= }}</ref>
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<ref name="C C Moore Plain Statement 1818">{{cite book |author= |title=Plain Statement, Addressed to the City and County of New-York |url=https://archive.org/details/plainstatementad00moor |year=1818 |page= |publisher=J. Eastburn and Co. |location=New York }}</ref>
<ref name="Longworth's American Almanac 1829">{{cite book |author= |title=Longworth's American Almanac |url=https://
<ref name="Register of New Netherland 1865">{{cite book |author= |title=Register of New Netherland,
<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1876">{{cite book |author=John Fowler Trow |title=Trow's New York City Directory |url=https://archive.org/details/trowsnewyorkcity1876trow/page/n15/mode/1up?q=404 |year=1876 |page=26 |publisher=The Trow City Directory Co. |location=New York }}</ref>
<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1880">{{cite book |author=John Fowler Trow |title=Trow's New York City Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfJSFH7tKxIC
<ref name="Princeton Decennial Record 1888">{{cite book |author= |title=Class Roll |url=https://archive.org/details/decennialrecordc00prin/page/n63/mode/2up?q=%22404+west+20th%22 |year=1888 |page=57 |publisher=Princeton Theological Seminary |location=New York }}</ref>
<ref name="Memorial History 1892">{{cite book |author= |title=Memorial History of the City of New York |url=https://archive.org/details/memorialhistoryo04wilsuoft/page/596/mode/2up?q=%22clement+c.+moore%22 |year=1892 |pages=
<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1896">{{cite book |author=John Fowler Trow |title=Trow's New York City Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hwwzhg05S0C
<ref name="Columbia Univ Catalog 1897">{{cite book |author= |title=Catalogue |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogue1935colu/page/181/mode/1up?q=%22404+w+20%22 |year=1897 |page=181 |publisher=Columbia University |location=New York }}</ref>
<ref name="New York: Old & New 1902">{{cite book |author=Rufus Rockwell Wilson |title=New York Old & New: Its Story, Streets, and Landmarks |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkoldnewits02wils/page/226/mode/1up?q=%22chelsea%22 |year=1902 |pages=
<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1903">{{cite book |author= |title=Trow's New York City Directory |url=https://archive.org/details/trowsgeneraldir1903p3trow/page/1461/mode/1up?q=%22404+w+20th%22 |year=1903 |page=1461 |publisher=The Trow City Directory Co. |location=New York }}</ref>
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<ref name="Trow's New York City Directory 1904">{{cite book |author= |title=Trow's New York City Directory |url=https://archive.org/details/trowsgeneraldir1904p1trow/page/n741/mode/1up?q=%22404+w+20th%22 |year=1904 |page=318 |publisher=The Trow City Directory Co. |location=New York }}</ref>
<ref name="Ancestry of Leander Howard Crall 1908">{{cite book |author=Frank Allaben |title=The Ancestry of Leander Howard Crall |url=https://archive.org/details/ancestryofleande1908alla/page/369/mode/1up?q=%22david+mandeville%22 |year=1908 |pages=
<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1916 v2">{{cite book |author=Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes |title=The iconography of Manhattan Island,
<ref name="North Shore Blue Book 1917">{{cite book |author= |title=North Shore Blue Book and Social Register |url=https://archive.org/details/northshorebluebo1926unse/page/n335/mode/1up?q=%22404+w+20th%22 |year=1917 |page=334 |publisher=A. E. Foss |location=Boston, Massachusetts }}</ref>
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<ref name="Phi Kappa Psi Catalog 1922">{{cite book |author= |title=Grand Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity |url=https://archive.org/details/grandcatalogueof01phik/page/414/mode/1up?q=%22404+w+20th%22 |year=1922 |page=414 |publisher=Ward & Shaw Co. }}</ref>
<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1922 v4">{{cite book |author=Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes |title=The iconography of Manhattan Island,
<ref name="Iconography of Manhattan 1928 v6">{{cite book |author=Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes |title=The iconography of Manhattan Island,
<ref name="Old Chelsea 1935">{{cite book |author=Samuel White Patterson |title=Old Chelsea and Saint Peter's Church |volume= |url=https://archive.org/details/oldchelseasaintp0000patt/page/10/mode/2up |year=1935 |pages=
<ref name="Whitney Exhibition 1945">{{cite book |author= |title=Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Sculpture, Watercolors, and Drawings |url=https://archive.org/details/1945annualsculp00whit/page/n17/mode/2up?q=%22404+w+20th%22 |year=1945 |page=17 |publisher=Whitney Museum of American Art |location=New York }}</ref>
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<ref name="City of New York in 1789 1973">{{cite book |author= |title=The City of New York in the Year of Washington's Inauguration |url=https://archive.org/details/citynewyorkinye00smitgoog/page/n211/mode/2up |year=1973 |page= |publisher=Chatham Press |location=Riverside, Connecticut }}</ref>
<ref name="History Preserved 1974">{{cite book |author= |title=History Preserved; a Guide to New York City Landmarks and Historic Districts |url=https://archive.org/details/historypreserved00gold/page/229/mode/1up |year=1974 |pages=
<ref name="New York Enclaves 1975">{{cite book |author=William H. Hemp |title=New York Enclaves |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkenclaves00hemp/page/n65/mode/2up |year=1975 |page=34 |publisher=C.N. Potter |location=New York|isbn=978-0-517-51999-8 }}</ref>
<ref name="Architecture of New York City 1994">{{cite book |author=Donald M. Reynolds |title=The Architecture of New York City; Histories and Views of Important Structures, Sites, and Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/architectureofne0000reyn/page/90/mode/2up |year=1994 |page=92 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York}}</ref>
<ref name="The Village 2013">{{cite book |author=John Strausbaugh |title=The Village; 400 years of Beats and Bohemians, Radicals and Rogues; a History of Greenwich Village |url=https://archive.org/details/682855-the-village-chapter-1/page/n1/mode/1up |year=2013 |pages=
<ref name="Native New Yorkers 2022">{{cite book |author=Evan T. Pritchard |title=Native New Yorkers; the Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York |url=https://archive.org/details/nativenewyorkers0000prit/page/n7/mode/2up |year=2022 |page=124 |publisher=Antioch Press |location=Yellow Springs, Ohio |isbn=978-1-57178-107-9 }}</ref>
<!-- Maps -->
<ref name="Manatus Map 1639">{{cite map |author=Joan Vinckeboons |title=Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier |trans-title=Manhattan situated on the North River |map=New Amsterdam |map-url=https://www.loc.gov/item/97683586/ |date=1639 |year= |url= |scale= |series= |publisher= |cartography= |page= |pages= |section= |sections= |inset= |edition= |location= |language=Dutch |format= |isbn= |id
<!-- Web -->
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<ref name="ArchiTakes Oldest House 2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.architakes.com/?p=14432 |title=New Plans Still Say "Teardown" for Chelsea's Oldest House |author=|work=ArchiTakes |accessdate=2024-01-18}}</ref>
<ref name="Landmarks Preservation Commission 1970 ">{{cite web |url=
<ref name="ACRIS Data Search">{{cite web |url=https://a836-acris.nyc.gov/DS/DocumentSearch/Index |title=Automated City Register Information System |author= |work=New York City Department of Finance, Office of the City Register, Block 717, Lot 46 |accessdate=2024-01-28}}</ref>
<ref name="Manna-hata 2012">{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/poczineproject/docs/nrn_zine_motherearth_may_2012 |title=Mother Earth – Manna-hata – A Native Perspective |author= |work=Native Resistance Network, Free University, New York |date=2012-05-05 |pages=
<ref name="The Greatest Grid 2015">{{cite web |author= |title=The Greatest Grid, the Master Plan of Manhattan, 1811-Now |url=http://thegreatestgrid.mcny.org/greatest-grid/ |year=2015 |work=Museum of the City of New York |accessdate=2024-02-12 }}</ref>
<ref name="Oldest Home Becomes Battleground Jun 2016">{{cite web |author= |title=
<ref name="A House Divided Jun 2016">{{cite web |author=Sean Egan |title=A House Divided; Community Debates Fate of 404 W. 20th St. |url=https://www.amny.com/news/a-house-divided-community-debates-fate-of-404-w-20th-st/ |date=2016-06-09 |work=amNY |accessdate=2024-02-12 }}</ref> Jun
<ref name="First Villagers 2018">{{cite web |url=
<ref name="H5 Property 2018">{{cite web |url=https://h5property.com/rendering/ |title=Photorealistic Renderings |author= |work=H5 Property |year=2018 |pages= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114105447/https://h5property.com/rendering/ |archive-date=2019-01-14 |url-status= |accessdate=2024-02-15}}</ref>
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<ref name="Preservation Commission Rules 2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.nyc.gov/assets/lpc/downloads/pdf/Rules/Revised_Rules_of_the_NYC_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission_08-21-2023.pdf |title=Rules of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Title 63, Rules of the City of New York |author= |work=NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission |date=2023-08-21 |pages= |accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref>
<ref name="Elliman Real Estate">{{cite web |url=https://www.elliman.com/newyorkcity/buildings-communities/detail/527-c-725-117956/404-west-20th-st-chelsea-new-york-ny |title=
<ref name="StreetEasy">{{cite web |url=https://streeteasy.com/building/404-west-20-street-new_york#tab_building_detail=4 |title=[Property] 404 West 20th St |author= |work=StreetEasy Real Estate |date= |pages= |accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref>
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<ref name="NYC Land Records 1829">{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7KQZ-G33Z |title=Clement C. Moore to Hugh Walker |author= |work=Land Assessment [Land Lease] via familysearch.com |accessdate=2024-01-18}}</ref>
<ref name="NYC Intestate Death 1829">{{cite web |url=https://www
<ref name="NYC Probate Records 1829">{{cite web |url=https://www
<ref name="US Census 1910">{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M5WP-DBD |title=US Census, 1910, Manhattan, Enumeration District 859, Walker House |last= |first= |date= |website =United States Census, 1910, database with images |publisher= familysearch |access-date= 2024-01-27 |quote= }}
<ref name="Draft Registration 1917">{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KXBM-F81 |title=William Disraeli Bedford, Draft Registration |year=1917 |work=United States World War I Draft Registration Cards,
<ref name="US Census 1940">{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KQSC-Y29 |title=US Census, 1940, Manhattan, Ward 3, Block 9, Walker House |last= |first= |date= |website =United States Census, 1940, database with images |publisher= familysearch |access-date= 2024-01-27 |quote= }}
<ref name="NYC LPC Permits 2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.nyc.gov/site/lpc/applications/permit-search.page |title=Block 717, Lot 46, Permit Application Search |publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission |access-date= 2024-02-16 |quote= }}
<ref name="NYC LPC Permits 2022">{{cite web |url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/Permits/PermitFiles/COFA-19-7491.pdf |title=Permit; Certificate of Appropriateness; Block 717, Lot 46 |publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission |access-date= 2024-02-16 |quote= }}
<!-- News -->
<ref name="New York Times Dec 1874">{{cite news |title=Died; Cushman |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Apr 1884">{{cite news |title=Classified; Furnished Rooms |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Feb 1885">{{cite news |title=Died; Cotterell |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times May 1893">{{cite news |title=Obituary; Kitching |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times May 1894">{{cite news |title=The Social World |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Nov 1907">{{cite news |title=Wedding Plans Interest Society |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="Brooklyn Life 1908">{{cite news |title=Change of Residences |author= |work=Brooklyn Life |location=Brooklyn, New York |url= |date=1908-12-26 |page=25 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name="New York Times Dec 1912">{{cite news |title=How "A Visit from St. Nicholas" Gained Worldwide Fame |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Jul 1931">{{cite news |title=Old Realty Firm Is Incorporated; James N. Wells' Sons, Long Identified With Chelsea Area, Is 112 Years Old |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Feb 1945">{{cite news |title=Manhattan Transfers |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Feb 1946">{{cite news |title=Transfers in Manhattan |author= |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="Christian Science Monitor Apr 1950">{{cite news |title=Classified; Pianist |author= |work=Christian Science Monitor |location=Boston, Massachusetts |url= |date=1950-04-15 |page=13 |quote= }}</ref>
<ref name="New York Times Oct 1995">{{cite news |title=If You're Thinking of Living In: Chelsea |author=Peter Malbin |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Oct 1996">{{cite news |title=The Home of the Man Who Planned Chelsea |author=Christopher Gray |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Dec 2009">{{cite news |title=A Long and Full Life |author=Susan Dominus |work=The New York Times |location=New York
<ref name="New York Times Jun 2019">{{cite news |title=When the Real Estate Mogul Tried to Supersize His $8 Million Brownstone |author=Patrick McGeehan |work=The New York Times |location=New York
}}
==External links==
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/97683586/ Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier] a map made in 1639 by Joan Vinckeboons (18 x 26.5 inches, pen and watercolor, held by the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress)
* [https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-7ade-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 A map of the lands belonging to the estate of the late Sir Peter Warren] a map made in 1773 by Gerard Bancker (26 x 10 inches, pen and ink, held by the New York Public Library)
* [https://archive.org/details/iconographyofman06stok/page/n127/mode/2up?q=641 Map of the Dutch Grants] a printed map by Jennie F. Macarthy published in 1928 (''The iconography of Manhattan Island,
* [https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47df-f437-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 Plan of the city of New York in North America] a printed map made by Bernard Ratzer (1776, Jefferys & Faden, London)
* [https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5c4c1ab0-f161-0130-a353-58d385a7b928 Map of New York City from Battery to 29th Street; Showing Farm Lines & Boundaries as Originally Granted] a printed map by Edwin Smith (1891, J. McIntyre Smith, New York)
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker House}}
[[Category:1830 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Houses in Manhattan]]
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