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{{Short description|Stony asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1140 Crimea
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = [[File:1140Crimea (Lightcurve Inversion).png|250px]]
| image = 1140Crimea (Lightcurve Inversion).png
|caption=A three-dimensional model of 1140 Crimea based on its light curve.
| image_scale =
| name = 1140 Crimea<ref name="a">{{cite web | title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser | url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1140 | accessdate= October 17, 2007 }}</ref>
| caption = {{longitem|[[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Crimea''|style=padding: 5px 0; line-height: 1.2em;}}
| discovery = yes
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer = [[Grigory Neujmin]]
| discovered = 1929-Dec-30 December 1929
| discoverer = [[Grigory Neujmin|G. Neujmin]]
| epoch = Orbital Elements at Epoch 2454400.5 (2007-Oct-27.0) TDB
| discovery_site = [[Simeiz Observatory|Simeiz Obs.]]
| aphelion = 3.0809833 [[Astronomical units|AU]]
| mpc_name = (1140) Crimea
| perihelion = 2.4641619 AU
| alt_names = 1929 YC{{·}}A922 HA
| semimajor = 2.7725726 AU
| named_after = [[Crimea]]<br />{{small|(Black Sea peninsula)}}<ref name="springer" />
| eccentricity = 0.1112363
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}
| period = 1686.2532792 days<br>4.62 years
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| inclination = 14.13273 °
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| asc_node = 72.19717 °
| uncertainty = 0
| mean_anomaly = 14.32198 °
| observation_arc = 82.04 yr (29,966 days)
| arg_peri = 311.23822 °
| aphelion = 3.0846 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| physical_characteristics = yes| dimensions = diameter 27.75
| perihelion = 2.4579 AU
| albedo = 0.1772 &nbsp;
| semimajor = 2.7712 AU
| spectral_type = S &nbsp; (Tholen)
| eccentricity = 0.1131
S &nbsp; (SSMASSII)
| period = 4.61 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,685 days)
| abs_magnitude = 10.28 mag
| mean_anomaly = 64.258[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| rotation= 9.77 h
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2136|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 14.136°
| asc_node = 72.139°
| arg_peri = 310.16°
| dimensions = {{val|27.75|1.1}} km {{small|([[IRAS]]:13)}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|28.87|0.36}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|29.179|0.155}} km <ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|29.554|0.205}} km<ref name="WISE" />
| rotation = {{val|9.77|0.01}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Stephens-2005e" /><br />{{val|9.784|0.001}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.7869|0.0005}} h<ref name="Hanus-2011" />
| albedo = {{val|0.160|0.023}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.1615|0.0193}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.167|0.005}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.1772|0.014}} {{small|(IRAS:13)}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|([[Tholen classification|Tholen]])}}<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|([[SMASS classification|SMASS]])}}<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] = 0.916<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|9.58|0.55}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}10.28<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="lcdb" />
}}
 
'''1140 Crimea''', provisional designation {{mp|1929 YC}}, is a stony [[asteroid]] from the middle region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1929, by Soviet astronomer [[Grigory Neujmin]] at [[Simeiz Observatory]] on the [[Crimean peninsula]], after which it was named.<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-Crimea" />
'''1140 Crimea''' is a [[Asteroid belt|main-belt]] [[asteroid]] orbiting the [[Sun]]. Approximately 28 kilometers in diameter, it makes a revolution around the Sun once every 5 years. It completes one rotation once every 10 hours, and its orbital period is 4.61 years.<ref name="a" /> It was discovered by [[Grigory Nikolaevich Neujmin]] on December 30, 1929 at the [[Simeiz Observatory]].<ref name="a" /> It is named for the [[Europe|European]] peninsula of [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]] (at the time part of the [[Russian SFSR]]), where Simeiz is located. Its provisional designation was 1929 YC.<ref>{{cite book |last= Schmadel |first= Lutz D. |title= Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher= Springer |year= 2003 |isbn= 3-540-00238-3 }}</ref><ref name=Centaur>{{cite web|last=von Heeren|first=Robert|title=3D orbit for minor planet 1140 Crimea|url=http://www.kentauren.info/cgi-bin/astorb2txt.pl?Suchname=Crimea|work=The Centaur Research Project|accessdate=23 June 2013|archiveurl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_NYoSNH0F3sJ:www.kentauren.info/cgi-bin/astorb2txt.pl%3FSuchname%3DCrimea|archivedate=27 April 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
== Orbit and classification ==
 
''Crimea'' is a [[S-type asteroid]] in both the [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] and [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] taxonomic scheme. It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.1&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 7 months (1,685 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.11 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 14[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> First identified as {{mp|A922 HA}} at Simeiz in 1922, the body's [[observation arc]] begins at [[Uccle Observatory|Uccle]] in 1935, or 16 years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.<ref name="MPC-Crimea" />
 
== Lightcurves ==
 
In April 2005, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Crimea'' was obtained by American astronomer [[Robert D. Stephens|Robert Stephens]] at Santana Observatory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of 9.77 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Stephens-2005e" /> Photometric observations by amateur astronomers Federico Manzini and [[Pierre Antonini]] in March 2014, gave a concurring period of 9.784 hours with an amplitude of 0.23 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /> In addition, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources gave a period 9.7869 hours, as well as a spin axis of (12.0°, -73.0°) in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Hanus-2011" />
 
== Diameter and albedo ==
 
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite, and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Crimea'' measures between 27.75 and 29.18 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.160 and 0.177 (without preliminary results).<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.1772 and a diameter of 27.75 kilometers with an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.28.<ref name="lcdb" />
 
== Naming ==
 
This [[minor planet]] was named for the [[Crimean Peninsula]] on the northern coast of the [[Black Sea]], where the discovering Simeiz Observatory is located.<ref name="springer" /> Naming citation was first mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 106]]}}).<ref name="springer" />
 
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist}}
 
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-02-24 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1140 Crimea (1929 YC)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001140
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 25 July 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1140) Crimea
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 96
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1141 |chapter = (1140) Crimea }}</ref>
 
<ref name="MPC-Crimea">{{cite web
|title = 1140 Crimea (1929 YC)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1140
|accessdate = 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1140) Crimea
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001140
|accessdate = 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1140) Crimea
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1140%7CCrimea
|accessdate = 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
 
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1140 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
 
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Stephens-2005e">{{Cite journal
|author = Stephens, Robert D.
|date = December 2005
|title = Asteroid lightcurve photometry from Santana Observatory - spring 2005
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005MPBu...32...82S
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 32
|issue = 4
|pages = 82–83
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...82S
|access-date= 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Hanus-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|author = Hanus, J.
|author2 = Durech, J.
|author3 = Broz, M.
|author4 = Warner, B. D.
|author5 = Pilcher, F.
|author6 = Stephens, R.
|author7 = Oey, J.
|author8 = Bernasconi, L.
|author9 = Casulli, S.
|author10 = Behrend, R.
|author11 = Polishook, D.
|author12 = Henych, T.
|author13 = Lehký, M.
|author14 = Yoshida, F.
|author15 = Ito, T.
|date = June 2011
|title = A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011A&A...530A.134H
|journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume = 530
|pages = 16
|bibcode = 2011A&A...530A.134H
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201116738
|arxiv = 1104.4114
|access-date= 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 26 January 2017}}</ref>
 
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1140 JPL Small-Body Database Browser entry]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* [http://www.kentauren.info/menu/index1.htm?page=/cgi-bin/astorb2txt.pl%3FSuchname%3DCrimea The Centaur Research Project], 3D orbit for minor planet 1140 Crimea
* {{AstDys|1140}}
* {{JPL small body}}
 
{{Minor planets navigator |1139 Atami |number=1140 |1141 Bohmia}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Crimea}}
[[Category:Main-beltBackground asteroids|001140]]
[[Category:AsteroidsDiscoveries namedby forGrigory placesNeujmin]]
[[Category:AstronomicalNamed objectsminor discovered in 1929planets]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|001140]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)|001140]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1929|19291230]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1140_Crimea"