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{{Short description|Italian bishop (c. 1485–1566)}}
{{cleanup biography|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
'''Marco Girolamo Vida''' or '''Marcus Hieronymus Vida''' (1485? – September 27, 1566) was an Italian [[Humanism|humanist]], [[bishop]] and [[poet]].▼
| honorific-prefix = Most Reverend
| name = Ludovico Gonzaga
| title = Bishop of Alba
| other_names =
| image = Portret van Marco Girolamo Vida Marcus Hieronymus Vidas (titel op object), RP-P-1909-4363.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Roman Catholic prelate
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alba Pompeia|Diocese of Alba]]
| see =
| term = 1533-1566
| predecessor = Giuliano Visconti
| successor = [[Leonardo Marini]]
<!-- Orders -->
| ordination =
| ordained_by =
| consecration = 7 February 1533
| consecrated_by = [[Pope Clement VII]]
| cardinal =
| rank =
<!-- Personal details -->
| birth_date = 1485
| birth_place = [[Cremona]], [[Republic of Venice]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1566|9|27|1485||}}
| death_place = [[Alba, Piedmont|Alba]], [[Duchy of Mantua]]
| previous_post =
| nationality = Italian
}}
▲'''Marco Girolamo Vida''' or '''Marcus Hieronymus Vida''' (1485? – September 27, 1566) was an Italian [[Humanism|humanist]], [[bishop]] and important [[poet]] in [[Christian Latin literature]].
==Life==
Marco was born at [[Cremona]], then part of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. He was the son of the consular (patrician) Guglielmo Vida, and Leona Oscasale. He had two brothers
He began his studies in Cremona, under the local grammarian, [[Nicolò Lucari]]. He was then sent to [[Mantua]], and then [[Bologna]] and [[Padua]]. It is conjectured that it was in Mantua, where the [[Canons Regular]] had a school, that Marco took the habit, perhaps around 1505. By about 1510 he had been granted several benefices: in the diocese of Cremona<ref>Cardinal Ascanio Sforza was
Vida joined the court of [[Pope Leo X]] and was given the [[Priory]] of San Silvestro at [[Frascati]]
On 29 March 1564 Bishop Vida wrote his
==Works==
Vida wrote a considerable amount of [[Renaissance Latin]] poetry, both secular and [[Christian poetry|sacred]], in classical style, particular the style of [[Virgil]]. Among his best-known works are the didactic poem in three books, ''De arte poetica'' (On the Art of Poetry), partly inspired by [[Horace]], and ''Scacchia Ludus'' ("The Game of Chess"). Both poems,
According to [[H.J.R. Murray]], Vida's poem about [[Chess]], "attained a great popularity in the 16th c.: it was repeatedly printed, and translations or imitations exist in most of the European languages."<ref> H.J.R. Murray (1913), ''A History of Chess'', page 790.</ref>
His major work was the Latin epic poem ''Christiados libri sex'' ("The [[Christiad]] in Six Books"),<ref>See Marco Girolamo Vida, ''Christiad,'' trans. James Gardner, The I Tatti Renaissance Library, no. 39, ed. James Hankins (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Library, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-674-03408-2}}</ref> in the style and much of the language of Virgil. ▼
Murray continues, "In the opening lines, Vida tells how he has written this poem, on a subject never before attempted by the poets, at the insistence of [[Federigo Fregoso]], and he expresses the hope that it might afford some relaxation to [[Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours|Guiliano de Medici]] in the heavy task which he and his brother (Giovanni, later [[Pope Leo X]], a keen chess-player), had undertaken in repelling the French invaders of Italy. V.d. Lasa has shown that the allusions to Italian events point definitively to the early summer of 1513 as the date of the poem. Vida was then aged twenty-three. The aim of the poem is to describe in Virgilian Latin a game of chess played between [[Apollo]] and [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] in the presence of the [[Twelve Olympians|other gods]]. Vida apparently experienced some difficulty in deciding on a suitable classical nomenclature for the [[Bishop (chess)|Bishop]] and [[Rook (chess)|Rook]]. In the earlier version the Bishops are represented as [[centaur]]s with bows and arrows; in later version the Centaurs have disappeared and the Bishop is an [[Archer]]. In the earlier version the Rooks are represented as [[Cyclops]]... In the later version the Rooks appear as warring towers borne upon the backs of [[War elephant|elephant]]s... Elsewhere in the poem the name ''Elephas'' is used, generally, however, with an allusion to the tower it is supposed to carry on its back... The extraordinary thing is that Vida's choice of names should have caught the popular fancy. All three terms - ''Archer'' for the Bishop, ''Elephant'' and ''Tower (Castle)'' for the Rook - were adopted by players in different parts of [[Western Europe]]. Even the term ''[[Amazons|Amazon]]'', which he used for the [[Queen (chess)|Queen]], was tried by the writers of chess books."<ref> H.J.R. Murray (1913), ''A History of Chess'', page 790-791.</ref>
=== Editions ===▼
▲His major work was the Latin epic poem ''Christiados libri sex'' ("The [[Christiad]] in Six Books"),<ref>See Marco Girolamo Vida, ''Christiad,'' trans. James Gardner, The I Tatti Renaissance Library, no. 39, ed. James Hankins (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Library, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-674-03408-2}}</ref> an [[epic poetry|epic poem]] about the Life of Christ in the style and
He began work on "The Christiad" at the request of [[Pope Leo X]], who was elected in the [[1513 papal conclave|1513 Conclave]], but Vida did not complete it until the early 1530s. It was published in 1535, well after the pope's death on 1 December 1521.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
According to [[Watson Kirkconnell]], the ''Christiad'', "was one of the most famous poems of the Early Renaissance". Furthermore, according to Kirkconnell, Vida's, "description of the Council in Hell, addressed by [[Lucifer]], in Book I", was, "a feature later to be copied", by [[Torquato Tasso]], [[Abraham Cowley]], and by [[John Milton]] in ''[[Paradise Lost]]''. The standard English translations, which render Vida's poem into [[heroic couplets]], were published by [[John Cranwell]] in 1768 and by [[Edward Granan]] in 1771.<ref>Watson Kirkconnell (1952), ''The Celestial Cycle: The Theme of Paradise Lost in World Literature with Translations of the Major Analogues'', [[University of Toronto]] Press. Page 546.</ref>
* {{cite book| title= A San Lorenzo martire, di m. Gerolamo Vida; versione dell'abb. Jacopo Bernardi| location=Genova| publisher=Tip. del R. I. de' sordo-muti| year= 1862|language=it}}
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==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* For a
* For a detailed bibliography of editions and translations of all his works, see M. Di Cesare, ''Bibliotheca Vidiana,'' Florence: Sansoni, 1974.)
* A translation of his ''De arte poetica'' by [[Christopher Pitt]] can be found in the 19th volume of the collection ''English Poets'' edited by Alexander Chalmers.
* Gardner, James (trans.), Marco Girolamo Vida. ''Christiad'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009) (The I Tatti Renaissance library, 39).
* {{cite book|last=Lancetti|first=Vencenzo|title=Della vita e degli scritti di Marco Girolamo Vida|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XqdPBWFCaAC|year=1831|publisher=Giuseppe Crespi|location=Milano|language=it|pages=8–61}}
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* Marcus Hieronymus Vida, ''Poeticorum libri tres'', edited by Agnieszka Paulina Lew, serie XV, vol. 99, Klassische Sprachen und Literaturen, Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2011, {{ISBN|9783631580820}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=XsJiAAAAcAAJ&dq ''Marci Herionymi Vidae...Christiados Libri Sex''] (in Latin). Antwerp: Johan Steelsius, 1536.
{{refend}}
===Attribution===
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==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons}}
* {{cite book|title= The Silkworm |url=https://archive.org/details/silkwormapoemin00vidagoog|others= original Latin and a Translation by Samuel Pullein|year= 1750|location=Dublin|publisher=Printed by S. Powell, for the author}}
* {{DBI |title= VIDA, Marco Girolamo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marco-girolamo-vida_(Dizionario-Biografico)|last= Lew|first= Agnieszka Paulina|volume= 99}}
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[[Category:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian writers]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Catholic poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Cremona]]
[[Category:Poet priests]]
[[Category:Italian chess writers]]
[[Category:16th century in chess]]
[[Category:History of chess]]
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