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A '''diastema''' ({{plural form}}: '''diastemata''', from Greek {{lang|grc|διάστημα}}, 'space') is a space or gap between two [[tooth|teeth]]. Many species of [[mammal]]s have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the [[incisor]]s and [[molar (tooth)|molars]]. More colloquially, the condition may be referred to as '''gap teeth''' or '''tooth gap'''.
In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the upper [[incisor]]s (front teeth). It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the [[jaw]]. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well
==In humans==
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2. '''Periodontal Disease''': Periodontal disease, also known as [[gum disease]], can result in bone loss that supports the teeth. If a person loses enough bone, the teeth can become loose and cause gaps to form.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-15|title=Diastema (Gap Between Teeth)|url=https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/early-orthodontics/diastema-gap-between-teeth/}}</ref>
3. '''Mesiodens''': Mesiodens is an extra tooth that grows behind
4. '''Skeletal discrepancy''': Dental skeletal discrepancy can be a cause behind gap teeth. If the upper jaw grows more than the lower jaw, teeth on the upper jaw will have more space to cover thus leaving gaps between them.
5. '''Proclination''': If
=== Treatment ===
A diastema is not a pathology and doesn't require treatment. Any interventions to modify a diastema are purely cosmetic.
1. Determining the cause of the diastema, then treat the cause.▼
2. Diastema treatment options can differ from one patient to another, but generally it is treated by [[orthodontics]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wheeler|first1=Bryan|last2=K. Carrico|first2=Caroline|last3=Shroff|first3=Bhavna|last4=Brickhouse|first4=Tegman|last5=Laskin|first5=Daniel|date=2017-11-01|title=Management of the Maxillary Diastema by Various Dental Specialties|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321263171|journal=Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery|volume=76|issue=4|pages=709–715|doi=10.1016/j.joms.2017.11.024|pmid=29245001}}</ref> or [[Dental composite|composite fillings]], or a combination of [[Veneer (dentistry)|veneers]] or [[Crown (dentistry)|crowns]].
== Historical and popular culture references ==
In ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'', [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] wrote of the "[[The Wife of Bath's Tale|gap-toothed wife of Bath]]".<ref name="gap">{{cite news |author=Rachel Dodes |title=We Don't Mind the Gap: The Fashionable Flash a New Smile |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703720004575478213601248720?mod=WSJ_NewYork_NewsReel |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=2010-09-10 }}</ref> As early as this time period, the gap between the front teeth, especially in women, was associated with lustful characteristics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcgilltribune.com/a-e/gap-toothed-women04042018/|title=Gap-Toothed Women|last=Garmaise|first=Ariella|date=2018-04-04|website=The McGill Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref> Thus, the implication in describing "the gap-toothed wife of Bath" is that she is a middle-aged woman with insatiable lust.<ref name=":0" />
In [[Ghana]], [[Namibia]] and [[Nigeria]], as well as throughout many communities in Kenya, diastemata are regarded as being attractive and a sign of fertility, and some people have even had them created through [[cosmetic dentistry]].<ref name="bite">{{cite web|url=http://bitemagazine.com.au/news_blog/?p=190|title=Midline diastemata in fashion|date=October 14, 2010|publisher=Bite magazine website|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420151357/http://bitemagazine.com.au/news_blog/?p=190|archive-date=April 20, 2012|access-date=September 10, 2010}}</ref><ref name="WebMD">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Adrienne |title=6 Fun Facts About Gaps Between Teeth |url=https://www.webmd.com/connect-to-care/teeth-straightening/fun-facts-about-gaps-between-teeth |website=WebMD}}</ref>
[[Les Blank]]'s ''Gap-Toothed Women'' (1987) is a 30-minute documentary film about diastematic women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/movies/film-gap-toothed-women-miss-or-myth.html|title=Film: 'Gap-Toothed Women,' 'Miss . . . or Myth?'|last=Canby|first=Vincent|date=1987-09-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-09-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
▲In [[Ghana]], [[Namibia]], [[Nigeria]] as well as throughout many communities in Kenya, diastemata are regarded as being attractive and a sign of fertility, and some people have even had them created through [[cosmetic dentistry]].<ref name="bite">{{cite web|url=http://bitemagazine.com.au/news_blog/?p=190|title=Midline diastemata in fashion|date=October 14, 2010|publisher=Bite magazine website|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420151357/http://bitemagazine.com.au/news_blog/?p=190|archive-date=April 20, 2012|access-date=September 10, 2010}}</ref><ref name="WebMD">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Adrienne |title=6 Fun Facts About Gaps Between Teeth |url=https://www.webmd.com/connect-to-care/teeth-straightening/fun-facts-about-gaps-between-teeth |website=WebMD}}</ref> In France, they are called "dents du bonheur" ("lucky/happiness teeth").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.us/newyork/national/article/714520--the-year-of-the-gap-tooth-trend|last=McGuiness|first=Romina|title=The year of the gap-tooth trend|work=Metro|date=December 8, 2010|access-date=April 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308144534/http://www.metro.us/newyork/national/article/714520--the-year-of-the-gap-tooth-trend|archive-date=March 8, 2012}}</ref> This expression originated in Napoleon's time: when the Napoleonic army recruited, it was imperative that soldiers had incisors in perfect condition because they had to open the paper cartridges (containing powder and ball) with their teeth when loading their muskets. All those who had teeth apart were then classified as unfit to fight. Some men broke their own teeth to avoid going to war.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} [[Les Blank]]'s ''Gap-Toothed Women'' (1987) is a 30-minute documentary film about diastematic women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/movies/film-gap-toothed-women-miss-or-myth.html|title=Film: 'Gap-Toothed Women,' 'Miss . . . or Myth?'|last=Canby|first=Vincent|date=1987-09-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-09-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
=== Famous people ===
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* '''Musicians''': [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]],<ref name="Phinney2012">
{{cite book |last1=Phinney |first1=Donna J. |last2=Halstead |first2=Judy H. |title=Dental Assisting: A Comprehensive Approach (Book Only) |date=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-285-40126-3 |page=164 |edition=4th |chapter-url=https://
</ref><ref name="Kapusevska2014">
{{cite journal |last1=Kapusevska |first1=Biljana |last2=Dereban |first2=Nikola |last3=Zabokova-Bilbilova |first3=Efka |last4=Popovska |first4=Mirjana |title=The Influence of Etiological Factors in the {{sic|Occu|rence|nolink=y}} of Diastema Mediana |journal=Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na Naukite I Umetnostite. Oddelenie Za Medicinski Nauki) |date=2014 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=169–177 |doi=10.2478/prilozi-2014-0022 |pmid=25532099 |s2cid=2791441
</ref><ref name="Dahl2010">
{{cite news |last1=Dahl |first1=Melissa |title=Top models need some space (between their teeth) |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/body-odd/top-models-need-some-space-between-their-teeth-flna1c9386880 |work=NBC News |date=2010}}
</ref><ref name="Gawker2015">
{{cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Dayna |title=Celebrity Diastemas, Ranked |url=http://rankings.gawker.com/celebrity-diastemas-ranked-1686375865 |website=Gawker |date=2015}}
</ref><ref name="Ranker">▼
</ref><ref name="Guardian2019">
{{cite news |last1=Saner |first1=Emine |title=Wonky-teeth icons: the stars you should emulate, from Kate Moss to Madonna |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/apr/29/wonky-teeth-icons-the-stars-you-should-emulate-from-kate-moss-to-madonna |work=the Guardian |date=29 April 2019}}
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</ref><ref name="Cosmopolitan2017">
{{cite web |title=14 Celebs With Intoxicating Tooth Gaps |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.in/celebrity/news/g2132/14-celebs-intoxicating-tooth-gaps |website=Cosmopolitan India |date=2017}}
</ref> [[Elton John]],<ref name="Phinney2012"/><ref name="Kapusevska2014"/><ref name="WebMD"/><ref name="Dahl2010"/><ref name="Gawker2015
{{cite web |last1=Chack |first1=Erin |title=18 Celebs Who Rock The Fuck Out Of A Tooth Gap |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/erinchack/celebs-who-rock-the-fuck-out-of-a-tooth-gap |website=BuzzFeed |date=2017}}
</ref> [[Seal (musician)|Seal]],<ref name="Gawker2015"/><ref name="Shaw2019"/><ref name="Cosmopolitan2017"/> [[Amy Winehouse]],<ref name="Kapusevska2014
* '''Models''': [[Georgia May Jagger]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Gawker2015
</ref> [[Lauren Hutton]],<ref name="Gawker2015
* '''Actresses''': [[Uzo Aduba]],<ref name="WebMD"/><ref name="Gawker2015"/><ref name="Shaw2019"/><ref name="Cosmopolitan2017"/><ref name="Chack2017"/> [[Anna Paquin]],<ref name="Dahl2010"/><ref name="Gawker2015
* '''Actors''': [[Omar Sharif]], [[Elijah Wood]],<ref name="Kapusevska2014"/><ref name="Gawker2015
* '''Comedians''': [[Jimmy Tarbuck]] "The Gap-Toothed Chuckle Chappy", [[Paul F. Tompkins]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Diastema (dentistry) |publisher=Factualworld |url=http://www.factualworld.com/article/Diastema_(dentistry) |access-date=3 Apr 2014}}</ref>
* '''News anchors''': American television news reporter and anchor [[Michelle Charlesworth]] and New Zealand television news anchor and actress [[Angela D'Audney]].
* '''Athletes''': [[American football]] players [[Michael Strahan]]<ref name="Gawker2015
{{cite news |last1=StreetJournal |first1=Michael J. McCarthyStaff Reporter of The Wall |title=America Saw Itself in DiMaggio, A Hero Who Spanned Generations |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB920898427590603000 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=9 March 1999 |quote=With a chipmunk face and gap-tooth smile, this "regular Joe" personified the American dream.}}
* '''Politicians and leaders''': Former U.S. Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]],<ref name="gap" /><ref name="bite" /><ref name="Phinney2012"/><ref name="Gawker2015"/><ref name="Ranker"/> former Supreme Court Justice [[Sandra Day O'Connor]],<ref name=":0" /> American politician [[Stacey Abrams]], and, according to released photos, several of the children of [[Nicholas II of Russia]].[[Chesa Boudin]].▼
</ref> (closed<ref>
{{cite book |last1=Cramer |first1=Richard Ben |title=Joe DiMaggio: The Hero's Life |date=2001 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-86547-8 |page=382 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nQGCE9yjO0C&pg=PA382 |quote=Joe never got his buck teeth fixed until Skinny took care of it}}
{{cite news |author=Newsweek Staff |title=The Dimaggio Nobody Knew |url=https://www.newsweek.com/dimaggio-nobody-knew-163382 |work=Newsweek |date=21 March 1999 |quote=He got his teeth fixed}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ESPN.com - Major League Baseball - DiMaggio book: Business and pleasure |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/s/dimaggiobook1.html |website=www.espn.com}}</ref>) and [[Jimmy Rollins]]; French [[tennis]] player [[Yannick Noah]]; British [[Formula 1]] World Champion [[Lewis Hamilton]]; Ukrainian [[boxing|boxer]] [[Oleksandr Usyk]].
▲* '''Politicians and leaders''': French president [[Emmanuel Macron]], Former U.S. Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]],<ref name="gap" /><ref name="bite" /><ref name="Phinney2012"/><ref name="Gawker2015
[[File:Crâne cheval.jpg|thumb|Large diastemata between incisors, canines and molars of a normal [[horse]]]]
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[[Category:Vertebrate anatomy]]
[[Category:Human anatomy]]▼
[[Category:Teeth]]
[[Category:Developmental tooth pathology]]
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