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{{redirect|Norna|the Norse goddesses|Norns}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Calypso bulbosa
| image_caption= ''Calypso bulbosa'', in
| display_parents = 4
| genus = Calypso
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'''''Calypso''''' is a [[genus]] of [[orchid]]s containing one species, '''''Calypso bulbosa''''', known as the '''calypso orchid''', '''fairy slipper''' or '''Venus's slipper'''. It is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] member of the [[Orchidaceae|orchid family]] found in undisturbed northern and [[montane forest]]s. It has a small pink, purple, pinkish-purple, or red [[flower]] accented with a white lip, darker purple spottings, and yellow beard. The genus ''Calypso'' takes its name from the [[Greek language|Greek]] signifying concealment, as they tend to favor sheltered areas on conifer [[forest
==Description==
''Calypso bulbosa'' is a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous tuberous geophyte with a round, egg-shaped tuber as a perennial organ. It is encased in dead leaf sheaths and has elongated roots. ''Calypso'' orchids are typically 8 to 20 cm in height.<ref name = Coleman/> At the bottom there is only a single leaf, which is stalked up to about 7
Plant blooms with a purple-pink hermaphroditic, zygomorphic and threefold flower. The protruding petals and sepals are pink to purple in color, about 10 to 12 millimeters long and about 2 to 4 millimeters wide. The lip (labellum) is white to pink with pink or yellow spots. It has a wide, shoe-shaped cavity in the back and is about 15 to 25 millimeters long. A spur is absent. They do not bloom until May and June usually after snow melt. Each bulb
<gallery>
File:Calypso bulbosa - Flickr 005.jpg|Flowers
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==Taxonomy and systematics==
The
===Taxonomy===
The generic name ''Calypso'' {{small|[[Richard Anthony Salisbury|Salisb]]}}, which is still valid today
The following generic names have been published as synonyms:
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The valid botanical species name of the Calypso orchid is: ''Calypso bulbosa'' {{small|(L.) Oakes 1842}}.
The
The species names listed here are used as synonyms:
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|[[File:Calypsobulbosa.jpg|120px]]||''Calypso bulbosa ''var''. occidentalis'' <small>(Holz.) Cockerell</small> ||from Alaska and British Columbia south through the Cascades, Rockies, and Sierra Nevada to California
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|[[File:Calypso bulbosa, Japan 1.JPG|120px]]||''Calypso bulbosa ''var''. speciosa'' <small>(Schltr.) Makino</small> || Japan, China (Gansu, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan)<ref>
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|}
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[[File:Calypso bulbosa - Flickr 004.jpg|thumb|left|''Calypso bulbosa'' in [[Mendocino County, CA]]]]
[[File:Calypso bulbosa clump1.jpg|thumb|left|''Calypso bulbosa'' in Calypso bulbosa var, americana, in bloom, Winsor Trail, [[Santa Fe County, New Mexico]].]]
This species' range is [[Arctic Circle|circumpolar]],<ref>C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010. [http://www.eol.org/pages/1092011 ''Calypso bulbosa''. Encyclopedia of Life.]</ref> and includes California, the Rocky Mountain states and most of the most northerly states of the [[United States]]; most of [[Canada]]; [[Scandinavia]] much of European and Asiatic [[Russia]]; [[China]], Mongolia, Korea and [[Japan]]—see external links for map.<ref name="WCSP">
Although the calypso orchid's distribution is wide, it is very susceptible to disturbance, and is therefore classified as threatened or [[endangered]] in several U. S. states and in Sweden and Finland. It does not transplant well<ref name=Coleman/> owing to its [[mycorrhiza]]l dependence on specific soil fungi. The corms have been used as a food source by [[North America]]n [[Native Americans in the United States|native]] peoples. The [[Nlaka'pamux]] of [[British Columbia]] used it as a treatment for mild [[epilepsy]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Moerman |first1=Daniel E. |title=Native American ethnobotany |year= 1998 |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |isbn=0-88192-453-9 |page=133 |postscript=<!--none-->}}</ref>
At least near [[Banff, Alberta]], the calypso orchid is [[pollination|pollinated]] by bumble bees (''[[Bombus]] (Pyrobombus)'' and ''B. [[Psithyrus]]''). It relies on "pollination by deception", as it attracts insects to [[anther]]-like yellow hairs at the entrance to the pouch and forked nectary-like structures at the end of the pouch but produces no [[nectar]] that would nourish them. Insects quickly learn not to revisit it. Avoiding such recognition may account for some of the small variation in the flower's appearance.<ref name=Boyden/><ref>{{Citation | last = Mosquin | first = T. | year = 1970 | title = The Reproductive Biology of ''Calypso bulbosa'' (Orchidaceae) | journal = Can. Field-Nat. |
==References==
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==External links==
* {{Commons-inline
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Calypso bulbosa|Calypso Orchid (''Calypso bulbosa'')}}
* [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/mono/orchida/calyp/calybulv.jpg Map of distribution]
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[[Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine]]
[[Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]
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