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{{Short description|City and municipality in Jalisco, Mexico}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2012}}
{| align="right" class="Infobox" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" div style="border:1px solid #ccd2d9; font-size: 0.9em; empty-cells:show; margin-right:5px; margin-left:5px;
!colspan="2" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="height:25px"| <span style="font-size:140%;">Tonalá</span>
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!colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#fafafa" align="center" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"| [[Image:
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!colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#fafafa" align="center" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"|
|-▼
!colspan="2" align="center" | <small>''[[Coat of arms]]''</small>
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!colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''Location '''
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!colspan="2" align="center" | [[Image:
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!colspan="2" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''Administration'''
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| '''Municipality''' <br><small>[[Neighborhoods|• Neighborhoods]]</small><br> || Tonalá <br>193<br>
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| '''
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| '''Political party''' || [[
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!colspan="2" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''Geography'''
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| '''[[Area|City Area]]''' ||
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| '''Metro Area''' ||
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| '''Elevation''' || 1,540 m
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!colspan="2" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''Population'''
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| '''[[Population|City Population]]''' <small>'''(
|<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/mexico/admin/jalisco/14101/ Citypopulation.de]</ref>
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| '''[[Population|Metro Population]]''' <small>'''(
|<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/mexico/metro/A21__guadalajara/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Guadalajara metropolitan area</ref>
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| '''[[Population density|City Density]]''' ||
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| '''[[Population density|Metro Density]]''' ||
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!colspan="2" bgcolor="#fafafa" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''General Information'''
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'''Tonalá''' ({{IPA
==The city==
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The “municipal palace” or local government building is distinguished by its clock tower and arches, which are decorated in ceramic tiles in traditional motifs.<ref name=guia>{{cite book |title= Jalisco: Guía para descubrir los encantos del estado |editor1-last= Jimenez Gonzalez |editor1-first= Victor Manuel |publisher= Editorial Océano de México |location=Mexico City |year=2009 |isbn=978-607-400-180-8 |pages=103–104 }}</ref> There are also ceramic murals created by Salvador Vázquez and Francisco Basulto.<ref name=jaliscogob>{{cite web |title= Tonalá |publisher=Government of Jalisco |location=Mexico |url= http://www.jalisco.gob.mx/es/jalisco/municipios/tonala |access-date=January 15, 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, the local government opened an exhibition hall and museum in the building called the Tonalá Puebla-Museo, to promote local handcrafts, arts and culture.<ref name=mjaime>{{cite news |author=Mariana Jaime |title= Será Tonalá Pueblo-Museo |newspaper=Mural |location=Guadalajara |date= September 12, 2013 |page=5}}</ref>
The main church for the city is the Santiago Apostol Parish. Constructed in the 16th century, it is the second oldest standing church in the [[Valley of Atemajac]]. It is best known as the site of the masked Dance of the Tastoanes, performed in honor of [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]] on July 25.<ref name=guia/>
Capilla de la Cruz Blanca (White Cross Chapel) is where the first mass in western Mexico was said in 1530 by [[Franciscan]] friars.
[[File:MuseoNacionalCeramicaTonala19.JPG|thumb|left|Exhibit at the Museo Nacional de la Cerámica]]
Main cultural centers are the [[Museo Nacional de la Cerámica Jorge Wilmot|Museo Nacional de la Cerámica]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Museo Nacional de la Cerámica Jorge Wilmot |url=https://sc.jalisco.gob.mx/patrimonio/museos/museo-nacional-de-la-ceramica-jorge-wilmot |website=Secretaría de Cultura, Jalisco, México |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> the Casa de Artesanos and the Museo Tonallan.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc>{{cite web |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México |title= Estado de Jalisco-Tonalá |publisher=INAFED |location=Mexico |year= 2010 |url= http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/EMM14jalisco/municipios/14101a.html |access-date=January 15, 2014 }}</ref>
The Tonallán Museum contains exhibits related to the municipality's history, dances such as the Tastoanes and handcrafts from the pre Hispanic era to the present.<ref name=guia/>
The Tonalá Regional Museum is in a rustic [[adobe]] building. It hosts temporary exhibits by artists and artisans of the region.<ref name=jaliscogob/>
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==The municipality==
The city of Tonalá functions as the local government for 58 other communities, which cover a territory of 119.58km2.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> It is bordered by the municipalities of [[Zapotlanejo]], [[El Salto, Jalisco|El Salto]], [[Juanacatlán]], [[Tlaquepaque]] and [[Guadalajara]].<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> The city is the largest community with a population of 408,759, followed by Puente Grande(5,664), [[Coyula, Tonalá|Coyula]](29,674), Centro de Readaptación Social(13,071) and La Punta(4,889).(2010 figures).<ref name=jaliscogob/> The municipal government consists of a president, eleven representatives and a syndic, which are elected every three years.<ref name=jaliscogob/>
Outside of the municipal seat, important landmarks include the Santa Cruz de las Huertas Church, the parishes of Coyula and Tololotlán, all in colonial style, the main bridge over the Santiago River, the Garita del Puente Grande from the 18th century and the former Arroyo de Emmedio hacienda.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/>
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In 1824, the Tonalá became one of the twenty six departments of Jalisco, officially named a town, then in the same year became subordinate to Zapotlanejo. Through the rest of the 19th century, its status changed and was unclear, mentioned as a municipality in a decree in 1873 but declared subordinate to Zapotlanejo and San Pedro in 1889.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/>
More than MXN $100 million was
Eleven people were killed and at least two wounded when unidentified armed assailants attacked a party on February 27, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Masacre en Jalisco: ataque armado en una fiesta en Tonalá dejó al menos 11 muertos |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/02/28/masacre-en-jalisco-ataque-armado-en-tonala-dejo-al-menos-11-muertos/ |access-date=February 27, 2021 |work=infobae |publisher=Infobae |date=February 27, 2021 |language=es-ES}}</ref>
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The handcrafts business means ups and downs for the municipality, depending on the market. For example, many businesses closed and other reduced operations when there are economic recessions in either Mexico or the US as 80% of exports go to the latter country. Another issue is the importation of cheaper and similar Asian products.<ref name=jvelazco>{{cite news |author=Jorge Velazco |title= Artesanias de Tonala: Fragilidad que se deteriora |newspaper=Reforma |location=Mexico City |date= December 21, 2001 |page=12}}</ref>
Unlike Tlaquepaque, the town of Tonalá has not been geared for tourists in the sense of hotels, restaurant and scenic streets.<ref name=kinich/><ref name=acalderon/>
Aside from handcrafts, commerce is mostly limited to basic needs, with 1,000 small grocery stores, 128 butcher shops, and 142 businesses selling produce. There are also eleven municipal markets and thirty nine other tianguis markets. Agriculture is done on small-scale, raising corn, sorghum, vegetables, dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, domestic fowl and bees. There is also some fish farming and mining for sand, gravel, marble and construction stone.<ref name=jaliscogob/>
== Government ==
===
{{Main|List of municipal presidents of Tonalá, Jalisco}}
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==Geography
The municipality is located in the eastern part of the state. With an average altitude of 1.500 meters above sea level, the territory has three kinds of relief: areas of rugged terrain, semi flat and flat areas. The main elevations are the Cerro Cúpula de la Reina, and Xólotl, both 1,720 meters above sea level.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/>
===Climate===
The climate is semi dry with the driest months in the winter and spring. It is semi-warm without a well-defined winter with about six days a year with temperatures at freezing or below. Most of the annual rainfall, 900mm, falls between July and October. Dominant winds are from the east.<ref name=encmuc/>
===Hydrography===
The main river is the Santiago originally called the Cichnahuay, which flows in the west and north of the territory. Tributary streams include the Popul, Las Jicamas and Agua Amarilla, all located in the east of the municipality. There are also dams called La Rusia, De Sermeño and El Ocotillo, with the Colimilla on the Santiago River itself.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> The Santiago River carves one of the main natural attractions of the municipality, the Colimilla Ravine.
===Flora and fauna===
The municipality contains 420 hectares of forest that contains mostly huizache, mesquite, holm oak and oak.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> Most of the vegetation is deciduous, with leaves falling during the dry season and scrub plants.<ref name=jaliscogob/>
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Jalisco}}
{{Authority control}}
==External links==
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