Tonalá, Jalisco: Difference between revisions

!colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#fafafa" align="center" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"| [[Image:EscudoSanto deSantiago TonalaApostol.svgjpg|96px|Coat220px]]<br><small>''Church of Arms ofin Tonalá]]''</small><br>

!colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#fafafa" align="center" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"| <small>''[[Image:Escudo de Tonala.svg|96px|Coat of Armsarms of Tonalá]]''</small>

!colspan="2" align="center" | [[Image:TON-LocationTonalá.gifpng|220px|Location]] <br><small>''Location in the [[Jalisco|State of Jalisco]]''</small><br>

| '''[[Area|City Area]]''' || 51.66&nbsp;km²²

| '''Metro Area''' || 2,740&nbsp;km²²

| '''[[Population density|City Density]]''' || 8,564/km²²

| '''[[Population density|Metro Density]]''' || 1,897.29/km²²

'''Tonalá''' ({{IPA-|es|tonaˈla}}) is a city and municipality within the [[Guadalajara Metropolitan Area]] in the state of [[Jalisco]] in Mexico. With a population of 442,440, it is the fourth largest city in the state, the other three being the other major population centres in the metro area: [[Guadalajara]], [[Zapopan]], and [[Tlaquepaque]]. It is best known as a major handcrafts center for Jalisco, [[Ceramics of Jalisco|especially pottery]], as well as its very large Thursday and Sunday street market, dedicated to handcrafts.

The main church for the city is the Santiago Apostol Parish. Constructed in the 16th century, it is the second oldest standing church in the [[Valley of Atemajac]]. It is best known as the site of the masked Dance of the Tastoanes, performed in honor of [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]] on July 25.<ref name=guia/> The atrium of the church as a monument to [[Pius IX]], created in 1887. The facade of the church is of sandstone; the sides have [[buttress]]es decorated in vegetative motifs and one side has a medallion with an anagram and the date of March 24, 1813 and lion [[gargoyle]]s. The main entrance is flanked by [[pilaster]]s that support a [[frieze]]. Above this is the choir window framed in vegetation in relief topped by a niche. There is a single bell tower with two levels. The interior consists of three naves and vaulted ceiling, with a Neo Classical main altar.<ref name=jaliscogob/>

Capilla de la Cruz Blanca (White Cross Chapel) is where the first mass in western Mexico was said in 1530 by [[Franciscan]] friars. The exterior is sober, made of stone and the facade has two small bell towers. The interior contains murals that represent the native flora and fauna of the area. The Santuario del Sagrado Corazón (Sacred Heart Sanctuary) was built in the 19th century in Gothic style over what was the Nuestra Señora de la Soledad Hospital. The interior feature a very large oil painting of “Via Crucis” depicting the stations of the cross.<ref name=guia/> The San Gaspar Parish dates from the 16th century, named in honor of one of the Three Kings. Another 16th-century parish is Purisima Concepción.<ref name=acalderon>{{cite news |author=Alicia Calderon |title= Tonala: Cuna artesanal de Mexico |newspaper=Mural |location=Guadalajara |date= July 17, 1999 |page=5}}</ref>

Main cultural centers are the [[Museo Nacional de la Cerámica Jorge Wilmot|Museo Nacional de la Cerámica]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Museo Nacional de la Cerámica Jorge Wilmot |url=https://sc.jalisco.gob.mx/patrimonio/museos/museo-nacional-de-la-ceramica-jorge-wilmot |website=Secretaría de Cultura, Jalisco, México |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> the Casa de Artesanos and the Museo Tonallan.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc>{{cite web |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México |title= Estado de Jalisco-Tonalá |publisher=INAFED |location=Mexico |year= 2010 |url= http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/EMM14jalisco/municipios/14101a.html |access-date=January 15, 2014 }}</ref> The Museo Nacional de la Cerámica is mostly dedicated to Jalisco ceramics, especially that of Tonalá. There are halls dedicated to ceramics from other parts of the country as well as a hall dedicated to miniatures.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=guia/> The museum has a collection of about 500 pieces from the pre Hispanic period to contemporary winners of various competitions. It was founded in 1986, by a group of businessmen along with artisans [[Jorge Wilmot]] and [[Ken Edwards]] in Wilmot's former home. The initial collection came from the [[Instituto Nacional Indigenista]] (National Indigenous Institute), which has been since augmented by winners from the Certamen Estatal de la Cerámica (Jalisco State Ceramic Contest). The Museummuseum closed for a year in 1995 but has been open since 1996 despite financial problems. Most pieces are[[Ceramics of Jalisco|bruñido, bandera, petatillo and canelo]], the most common types produced in Tonalá.<ref name=kinich>{{cite web |author=Erin Cassin|title= Uncovering Tonala's history at the National Ceramic Museum |publisher=Mexconnect newsletter |issn=1028-9089 |date= February 1, 2006 |url= http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1293-uncovering-tonala-s-history-at-the-national-ceramic-museum |access-date=January 15, 2014 }}</ref>

The Tonallán Museum contains exhibits related to the municipality's history, dances such as the Tastoanes and handcrafts from the pre Hispanic era to the present.<ref name=guia/> It has three halls, one dedicated to painting, sculpture and handcrafts/folk art, another to archeology and traditional ceramics and the last to the Tastoanes dance. It also offers interactive workshops for schools in pottery.<ref name=jaliscogob/>

The city of Tonalá functions as the local government for 58 other communities, which cover a territory of 119.58km2.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> It is bordered by the municipalities of [[Zapotlanejo]], [[El Salto, Jalisco|El Salto]], [[Juanacatlán]], [[Tlaquepaque]] and [[Guadalajara]].<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> The city is the largest community with a population of 408,759, followed by Puente Grande(5,664), [[Coyula, Tonalá|Coyula]](29,674), Centro de Readaptación Social(13,071) and La Punta(4,889).(2010 figures).<ref name=jaliscogob/> The municipal government consists of a president, eleven representatives and a syndic, which are elected every three years.<ref name=jaliscogob/>

Unlike Tlaquepaque, the town of Tonalá has not been geared for tourists in the sense of hotels, restaurant and scenic streets.<ref name=kinich/><ref name=acalderon/> Despite this, it received thousands of visitors each week, most drawn by the street market or “[[tianguis]]” that is set up each Thursday and Sunday.<ref name=llopez/> This market is centered on the town main road for about a kilometer, and spills into adjoining side streets.<ref name=llopez/><ref name=tianguis>{{cite web |title= Tianguis Tonalá |url= http://www.tianguistonala.com/ini/index.php |access-date=January 15, 2014 }}</ref> This market can have from between 3,500 and 4,000 vendors, especially during the [[Christmas in Mexico|Christmas]] and [[Holy Week in Mexico|Holy Week]] holidays when tourism is highest in Mexico.<ref name=venden>{{cite news |title= Venden productos artesanales comerciantes de Tonalá en Pascua |newspaper=NOTIMEX |location=Mexico City |date= April 8, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=tianguis/>

The main river is the Santiago originally called the Cichnahuay, which flows in the west and north of the territory. Tributary streams include the Popul, Las Jicamas and Agua Amarilla, all located in the east of the municipality. There are also dams called La Rusia, De Sermeño and El Ocotillo, with the Colimilla on the Santiago River itself.<ref name=jaliscogob/><ref name=encmuc/> The Santiago River carves one of the main natural attractions of the municipality, the Colimilla Ravine. The municipal has also been known for thermal springs, said to have curative powers, since the colonial period. The main thermal spring today are those of Agua Caliente.<ref name=encmuc/><ref name=acalderon/>