1971 Bingöl earthquake: Difference between revisions

| magnitude = 6.6 {{M|w|6.6–6.7|link=y}},<ref 6.9name="usgs"/>{{sfn|Utkucu|Pinar|Alptekin|2003}} {{M|s|6.9|link=y}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>

| depth = {{convert|3-10|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="usgs"/><ref name=ISC-GEM/>

| type = Left Lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|Strike-slip]]{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}}

| intensity = {{MMI|89}}{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60}}

| foreshocks = Yes{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60}}

| aftershocks = Yes{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}}

| casualties = 755–1,000 killed, 1,200-1500 injured

The '''1971 Bingöl earthquake''' was a {{M|w}} |6.66–6.7|link=y}} earthquake that occurred at {{tooltip|18:44:02 local time|16:44:02 UTC}} on 22 May. It had a [[surface-wave magnitude]] of 6.9 and a maximum intensity of VIIIIX (''SevereViolent'') on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]],<ref name=NGDC/> killing 755–1,000 people. [[Bingöl]] was largely destroyed, as well as many houses in the nearby Bingöl plain. Surface displacement of {{cvt|38|km|abbr=on}} and various other surficial effects were directly caused by the earthquake.

Most of Turkey lies on the [[Anatolian Plate]]. DeformationMovement fromof the plate is accommodated through threefour main faults: the easternAegean portionextensional ofsystem (AES), the [[HellenicCyprus TrenchArc]], the [[North Anatolian Fault]] (NAF), the [[East Anatolian Fault]] (EAF). The AES accommodates convergence[[Extensional tectonics|extensional forces]] between the Anatolian and [[Aegean Sea Plate]]s, and the AnatolianCyprus PlateArc accommodates convergence in the south, between the [[NorthAfrican Anatolian FaultPlate]] inand the Anatolian Plate.{{sfn|Taymaz|Yilmaz|Dilek|2007|p=6}} In the north, the NAF accommodates the collisionfaulting between the [[ArabianEurasian Plate]] and the Anatolian plate and has produced prolific earthquakes such as the [[Eurasian1939 PlateErzincan earthquake]].{{sfn|Gürsoy|Tatar|Akpınar|Polat|2013|p=259}} whichIn forcesthe east, the Anatolian[[Arabian west,Plate]] and the [[EastEurasian Anatolian FaultPlate]] ingrind past each other, forming the eastEAF, onthe whichfault responsible for this earthquake. occurred,The accommodatesEAF theis a left-lateral strike slip fault which extends for {{cvt|700|km|abbr=on}} and slips at a decreasing rate from east to west of {{cvt|1-10|mm|abbr=on}} sameper deformationyear.{{sfn|Güvercin|Karabulut|Konca|Doğan|2022|p=1}}

The {{M|w|link=y}} 6.6 earthquake struck near the city of [[Bingöl]], [[Turkey]] at 18:44:02 local time. TheIt depthwas itassigned strucka atmaximum varies[[Modified dependingMercalli onintensity thescale|Mercalli agency,intensity]] of IX.<ref name="usgs"/>{{sfn|Utkucu|Pinar|Alptekin|2003}}{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60}} Various seismic observatories reported different focal depths but it is agreed to be very shallow. The estimates are between {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} and {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NGDC"/><ref name="usgs"/> The focal mechanism wasshowed left likelylateral strike-slip asfaulting, thisconsistent earthquakewith occurredfaulting onalong the East Anatolian Fault.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}} ThereSmall foreshocks were strongly felt locally, and two magnitude 5.1 aftershocks were felt on the day of the mainshock.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60}}<ref name="usgs"/> Aftershocks continued to be felt for a couple months after the mainshock.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}} The mainshock ruptured along a {{cvt|35|km|abbr=on}} × {{cvt|12|km|abbr=on}} area of the East Anatolian Fault. A second rupture area measuring {{cvt|20|km|abbr=on}} × {{cvt|12|km|abbr=on}} was detected to the northeast. The two rupture areas produced maximum slips of {{cvt|60|cm}} and {{cvt|40|cm}}, respectively.<ref{{sfn|Utkucu|Pinar|Alptekin|2003}} nameMinimal vertical displacement of {{cvt|5-10|cm|abbr="Utkucu03"on}} />was also found in parts of the southwestern portion of the rupture.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}} Surface faulting was visible from [[Ormanardı, Bingöl|Ormanardı]] in the southwest to [[Çobantaşı, Bingöl|Çobantaşı]] in the northeast over a distance of {{cvt|38|km|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60-61}}

==DamageImpact==

The earthquake killed at least 755 people and injured another 1,200 more200–1500.<ref name="PAGER-CAT"/>{{sfn|Ellul|D'Ayala|Calayir|2004}} [[Rubble masonry]] and [[reinforced concrete]] houses alike were severely damaged in the Bingöl plain.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=61}} In Bingöl, 90 percent of buildings were destroyed, including the prison and hospital.<ref name="NYTimes"/> Bridges crossing the Göynük and [[Murat River|Murat]] rivers were closed to traffic due to damage caused by surficial effects of the earthquake.{{sfn|Ambraseys|1988|p=60}} The total cost of damage was estimated at US$5 million.<ref name="NGDC"/> [[Sand boil]]s formed at some ground cracks, and [[landslides]] and [[rockfall]]s were also observed.{{sfn|Aydan|Ulusay|Miyajima|2003|p=22}} At least two people were killed in [[Palu, Elazığ|Palu]], a town some {{cvt|32.4|km}} west of Bingöl.<ref>{{cite news |title=Earthquake600 TollKilled Nowby 800Quake In Ravaged TurkishEastern AreaTurkey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/2423/archives/earthquake600-tollkilled-nowby-800quake-in-ravagedeastern-turkishturkey-areaquake-casualtykills-600-in-figureseast.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=2423 May 1971 |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref> ItAbout causedhalf aof totalthe of800 $5reported milliondeaths USDcame infrom damagevillages outside Bingöl.<ref name="NGDCNYTimes" />

[[Category:May 1971 events in AsiaTurkey]]