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{{Short description|Village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox UK place|
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|constituency_westminster= [[Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale]]
|constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Clydesdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Clydesdale]]
|historic_county=
|post_town= Biggar
|post_town= Biggar
|postcode_district = ML12
|postcode_area= ML
|dial_code=
|edinburgh_distance=
|static_image= Main Street, Leadhills - geograph.org.uk - 4708148.jpg
|static_image_caption= OldMain MineStreet, Workings at [[Wanlockhead]]Leadhills
}}
[[File:Hillend Summit, Glengonnar Station - geograph.org.uk - 12660.jpg|thumb|Hillend Summit, Glengonnar Station, {{convert|1498|ft|m}} ASL.]]
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== Local attractions ==
=== Library ===
The Leadhills Miners' Library (also known as the [[Allan Ramsay (poet)|Allan Ramsay]] Library or the Leadhills Reading Society), founded in 1741 by 21 miners, the local schoolteacher and the local minister, specifically to purchase a collection of books for its members’ mutual improvement<ref>On his 1841 visit to Leadhills, the statistician and school inspector [[Joseph Fletcher (statistician)|Joseph Fletcher]] was so impressed with the Leadhills’ Reading Society that he included its "Articles and Laws" in his report to the Children's Employment Commission (they appear at Fletcher, 1842, pp. 874-878874–878).</ref><ref>"The inhabitants [of Leadhills], though chiefly employed in the severe labour of mining, are an enlightened set of people, having a pretty extensive subscription library, and exhibiting a zeal in the acquisition of useful knowledge perfectly astonishing" (Chambers & Chambers (1844), p.701.</ref> — its membership was not restricted to the miners; several non-miners, such as [[William Symington]], [[John Brown (physician, born 1810)|John Brown]] (author of ''[[Rab and his Friends]]'') and [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]], were also full members — houses an extensive antiquarian book collection, local relics, mining records and minerals. The library is the oldest subscription library in the British Isles;<ref>Foster & Sheppard (1995), p.41.</ref> and is of significant historical and geological importance.
 
In the late eighteenth century, Peterkin observed the library had "as many valuable books as might be expected to be chosen by promiscuous readers"; he found its members to be "the best informed, and therefore the most reasonable common people that I know" (1799, p.&nbsp;99); and, in 1823, "J", observing that "every miner can read, and most of them can write tolerably well", noted the library had around 1,200 volumes, all of which "have been entirely chosen by [the members] themselves", and that:
:As the miners work only six of the twenty-four hours in the mines, and as the barrenness of the soil affords little scope for agricultural pursuits, they have of course abundance of time for reading: and I believe they generally employ it to good purpose; for many of them can converse upon historical, scientific, and theological points so as to astonish a stranger; and even on political questions, they express their opinions with great acuteness and accuracy.<ref>"J" (1823), p. 27.</ref>
 
Today, the library is owned and run by a registered charity, The Leadhills Heritage Trust and has full accreditation with Museums Galleries Scotland.
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=== Golf course ===
Leadhills Golf CourseClub, instituted in 1891, is the highest in [[Scotland]]. The nine-hole course offers a considerable challenge as the winds can be high and unpredictable as they are channelled between the hills.
 
At one time, there were two courses amalgamated into 18 holes before it was decided to stick with 9 holes on the lower ground and abandon the original course.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYd-AAAAQBAJ&q=leadhills+golf+club+broadlaw%3Dfrontcover&pg=PA174 Fairways! What Fairways?] (Page 174), Alfie Ward; {{ISBN|9781483675671}}</ref>
 
The club was originally known as Leadhills Golf Club prior to [[World War 1]], but it was renamed Lowthers Golf Club following the war, until 1935 when it reverted back to its original name.<ref>[https://www.golfsmissinglinks.co.uk/index.php/scotland-63/central-west/lanarkshire/234-lowthers-golf-club-leadhills-south-lanarkshire Lowthers Golf Club, Leadhills, South Lanarkshire. (1888–1930s)], Golf's Missing Links</ref>
 
The club as we know it today was founded in 1935. An exhibition game was played as part of the opening ceremony, players included [[Walker Cup]] player [[Leonard Crawley]].<ref>[https://www.forgottengreens.com/forgotten-greens/lanarkshire-abington/leadhills-1-2-and-3/ Leadhills Golf Club], Forgotten Greens of Scotland</ref>
 
The clubhouse was upgraded in 2013 after planning permission was sought from [[South Lanarkshire Council]] to build the £17,000 cabin. The previous clubhouse was built in the 1980s.<ref>[https://www.glasgowworld.com/sport/leadhills-golf-club-plans-new-clubhouse-2344772 Leadhills Golf Club plans new clubhouse], Glasgow World, 19 April 2013</ref><ref>[https://www.dgwgo.com/sport-news/things-are-starting-to-look-all-white-for-the-future-at-lowther-hills-ski-club/ THINGS ARE STARTING TO LOOK ‘ALL-WHITE’ FOR THE FUTURE AT LOWTHER HILLS SKI CLUB], Dumfries & Galloway! What's Going On?, 15 December 2015</ref>
 
=== Grave of John Taylor ===
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== Mining ==
16th-century mining entrepreneurs working the area were landowners, goldsmiths and metallurgists, granted patents by the monarch and [[Privy Council of Scotland|Privy Council]]. These included, [[Cornelius de Vos]], [[George Douglas of Parkhead]], [[John Acheson (miner)|John Acheson]], [[Eustachius Roche]], [[Thomas Foulis]], [[George Bowes (prospector)|George Bowes]], [[Bevis Bulmer]], and [[Stephen Atkinson (metallurgist)|Stephen Atkinson]]. In 1720 a Dutch traveller, Hugh Kalmeter, described the mine workings and noted that exported ore was used for pottery glazes.<ref>Helen & Keith Kelsall, ''Scottish Lifestyle 300 Years Ago'' (John Donald: Edinburgh, 1986), p. 56.</ref> In the 18th-century lead ore was shipped to Holland and used to make [[White lead|white]] and [[Lead(II,IV) oxide|red lead]] paint pigments.<ref>Daniel Kemp, ''Tours in Scotland by Richard Pococke'' (SHS: Edinburgh, 1887), p. 42.</ref>
 
=== Working conditions ===
The initial attraction of the Leadhills district was mining. On his visit to the mining area in 1772, the naturalist [[Thomas Pennant]] had remarked on its barren landscape:
: "Nothing can equal the barren and gloomy appearance of the country round [Leadhills]: neither tree nor shrub, nor verdure, nor picturesque rock, appear to amuse the eye…"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=biIJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA129#v=onepage&q&f=false Pennant (1774), p.129.]</ref>
Three years later, in 1776, artist [[William Gilpin (priest)|William Gilpin]] found that, in relation to the working conditions, "the mines here, as in all mineral countries, are destructive of health", "you see an infirm frame, and squalid looks in most of the inhabitants".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCQJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false Gilpin, 1789, II, p.76];</ref> and twelve years later, according to Rev. William Peterkin (1738-1792), the Minister at Leadhills (and member of its library) from 1785 until his death, the conditions of both the miners and the lead smelters were no better:
:The external appearance of Leadhills is ugly beyond description: rock, short heath, and barren [clay]. Every sort of vegetable is with difficulty raised and seldom comes to perfection. Spring water there is perhaps as fine as any in the world: but, the water below the smelting-[mills], is the most dangerous. The lead before smelting is brokebroken very small and washed from extraneous matter. It contains frequently arsenic, sulphur, zinc, &cetc. which poisons the water in which it is washed. Fowls of any kind will not live many days at Leadhills. They pick up arsenical particles with their food, which, soon kills, them. Horses, cows, dogs, cats, are liable to the lead-brash.<ref>'''Lead-brash''': literally, "lead-sickness". It was a most horrible form of [[lead poisoning]], and the term ''lead-brash'' specifically referred to a condition in animals.</ref> A cat, when seized with that distemper, springs like lightning through every corner of the house, falls into convulsions and dies. A dog falls into strong convulsions also but sometimes recovers. A cow grows perfectly mad in an instant and must be immediately killed. Fortunately, this distemper does not affect the human species.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/b21365799#page/n111/mode/2up Peterkin, 1799, pp.98-99 98–99.]</ref>
As Pennant had noted in 1772, the human counterpart of the animals' ''lead-brash'' was "mill-reek":
:The miners and smelters are subject here, as in other places, to the lead distemper, or ''mill-reek'', as it is called here; which brings on palsies, and sometimes madness, terminating in death in about ten days.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=biIJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false Pennant (1774), p.130.]</ref>
 
However, because lead was attracting such high prices during the American and Napoleonic Wars, and the domestic construction boom,<ref>At its peak (1809) lead was selling at £32 per ton (approx £21,000 in 2015 per 1,000kg). Yet, by 1827 the price had slumped to £12 per ton — dueton—due to the removal of import dues on foreign lead, and the significant expansion of Spanish lead production, due to the re-emergence of Spanish trade following the end of the [[Peninsular War]] (Smout, 1962, pp.152, 154).</ref> Leadhills became world-famous for its lead mines.<ref>The mine operators paid one in every six bars of lead, as rent, to Lord Hopetoun; and the average number of bars produced was around 18,000 each year ([https://books.google.com/books?id=u7NCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701#v=onepage&q&f=false Chambers & Chambers, "Leadhills", (1844), p.701).]</ref>
 
In a paper reporting on the treatment of a particular case of [[hydrothorax]], published in 1823, James Braid commented that, given all of the theoretically possible causes, with his numerous Leadhills hydrothorax patients, "[those who] have been exposed to breathe noxious or confined air" were by far the majority:<ref>In his ''Treatise on Poisons (1832)'', [[Robert Christison]] defers to Braid’s occupational safety knowledge,
and reports Braid's view that systematic ventilation (including high chimneys) in smelting workshops significantly reduces lead-poisoning ([https://archive.org/details/treatiseonpoison00chri/page/506 p.506]). From personal contact ("for I am informed by ''Mr Braid''"), he cites Braid as an authority when emphatically stating that, whilst lead miners are liable to all sorts of occupational disease, they do not get lead poisoning because "the metals are not poisonous until oxidated", and that only those exposed to the fumes of the smelting furnaces succumb. (Christison ([https://archive.org/details/treatiseonpoison00chri/page/496 p.496]) was eager to correct the widely held (erroneous) notion that all workers at the lead mines – namely, both "those who dig and pulverise the ore" and "those who roast the ore" — were equally likely to succumb.)</ref>
:[At Leadhills] the miners must sometimes work in places where there is so little circulation of air, that their candles can scarcely burn; and I have almost invariably observed, that a continuance for any considerable length of time, (although in such situations they may only work three or four hours daily), brings on pneumonia in the young and plethoric, and hydrothorax in the old, if rather of spare habit of body; and if there should happen to be any healthy middle-aged men working as hand-neighbours to these others, although of course both must breath[e] the same impure air, these middle-aged men will remain free from any '''''urgent''''' complaint, till both their young and their aged neighbours are laid aside, perhaps never more to return. I became so fully convinced of this fact, as long ago to have induced me to recommend to the agents and overseers of this place, to avoid, as much as possible, putting thither very young or very old men into such situations.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=v6lBERSKoDYC&pg=PA550#v=onepage&q&f=false Braid, "Hydrothorax", (1832), p.550.]</ref>
 
=== "Partnerships" ===
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The individual miner's family also contributed; the sons worked on the uncovered washing platforms (exposed to the elements in all weathers) washing the impurities from the ore prior to smelting, and the wives and daughters spun wool and embroidered muslin for sale in Glasgow.
 
The partners supplied their own tools; and were responsible for their upkeep. Many important responsibilities lay with the partners; thus, for instance, only two overseers were needed to manage more than 200 Leadhills’ miners. In the absence of an overseer's constant and immediate personal supervision, the partners were totally responsible for their collective work practices and occupational safety; thus, the partners, rather than overseers, would decide how to act against threats posed by subterranean water, loose ground, earth tremors, etc. However, with no overseer, there was also no oversight; and, often, hastily constructed passages/shafts were misaligned with those of other teams, affecting the structure of the entire mine — alsomine—also, the disposal of waste and rubbish from one team's work area often impeded the progress of another team (or teams).
 
=== Steam engines ===
Coal-fired steam engines, were an important part of the operation at Leadhills. Leadhills had three steam engines as early as 1778 (Smout, 1967, p.&nbsp;106). In the winter of 1765, [[James Watt]] had been approached to design and build a steam engine for Leadhills that would raise water from 30 fathoms (approx. 55m.55 m) below the surface. Watt did not get the contract (Hills, 1998).
{{Quote box
|title =Report of Leadhills Accident
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Two men, in the hope of finishing early, and contrary to established Leadhills custom, had entered the mine before 4{{nbsp}}am;<ref>The established custom was that miners began entering the mines at 6{{nbsp}}am.</ref> another two, presumably from the same partnership, entered soon after. Reaching their work level (at 25 fathoms) the first two encountered the bad air. They persisted, thinking they could force their way through it, began to feel dizzy, collapsed, and eventually suffocated. The next two encountered a similar fate. The accident was not discovered until some time after 6{{nbsp}}am; by which time all of the four men were dead.<ref>In his (1817) paper, Braid noted that, because each miner fixed his own time for entering the mine and worked at the mine entirely without oversight, the first four deaths occurred because there was no one else there, in the mine, who could rescue them when they first experienced breathing difficulties (which would not have been so if they had entered, with other miners, at 6{{nbsp}}am).</ref>
 
To aid those at the 25 -fathom level, who were beginning to become violently affected by the fumes, a trap-door was opened to help clear the air; however, unfortunately, the noxious fumes descended rapidly, and another three men, at the 80 -fathom level, suffocated. The other miners, many of whom were affected to a considerable degree, were restored by Braid as they emerged from the mine.<ref>On 17 March 1817, the ''Caledonian Mercury'' reported that "five of the seven miners who were suffocated by the smoke of the steam-engine at Leadhills, have left widows, and in all thirty fatherless children to deplore their loss".</ref>
 
== Cemetery ==
The [[cemetery]] at the [[Ordinal direction|northeast]] of the village features an unusual [[Headstone|table-stone]] inscription (next to the southern wall) detailing, almost as an afterthought, 137 years as the age at death of John Taylor, the father of Robert Taylor, (then) overseer of the Scotch Mining Company.
 
Near to the cemetery overlooking a row of miners' cottages is an 1891memorial in [[obelisk]] form was erected to [[William Symington]], by public subscription, where he was born.<ref name="Geograph">{{cite web|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4074946 |title=NS8815 : William Symington Monument, Leadhills |publisher=Geograph |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Clydesdale">{{cite web|url=https://clydesdalesheritage.org.uk/article/history-of-leadhills/ |title=History of Leadhill |publisher=Clydesdales Heritage|access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref>
 
==Notable residents==
[[Allan Ramsay (1686–1758)|Allan Ramsay]], the poet, and [[William Symington]] (1763–1831), one of the earliest adaptors of the steam engine to the purposes of navigation, were born at Leadhills.
 
The famous mathematician [[James Stirling (mathematician)|James Stirling]] was employed by the [[Scots Mining Company]] at Leadhills from 1734 until 1770.<ref>Whilst at Leadhills, Stirling published a paper on the ventilation of mines, based upon his experience and observations of the techniques of Venetian glassblowers: [http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/43/472-477/315.full.pdf "A Description of a Machine to Blow Fire by the Fall of Water; By James Stirling, F. R. S.", ''Philosophical Transactions'', Vol. 43, (1 January 1744), pp.315-317.]</ref> [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]], the (later) discoverer of hypnotism, was surgeon to the Leadhills mining community and to [[Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun|Lord Hopetoun]]'s lead and silver mines from early 1816 to late 1825.<ref>According to "J" (1823) pp.27,29, as the appointed surgeon, Braid received a horse, a house, and a salary from ''The Scots Mining Company'' as well as "the gains of his practice".</ref> [[Edward Whigham]], Provost of [[Sanquhar]] and friend of [[Robert Burns]] was born in Leadhills.
 
==Climate==
 
Leadhills experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ''([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]])'', bordering on a [[subpolar oceanic climate]] ''([[Köppen climate classification|Cfc]])''. Due to its elevation and inland position, winters are colder and summers cooler than lower lying areas. In terms of the local climate profile, given its elevated position and latitude, Leadhills is amongst the coldest places in the British Isles. According to the most recent 30-year climate period of 1981-2010 Leadhills is the second coldest village in the UK (of those with weather stations) with an annual mean temperature of {{convert|6.76|C|F}} making it slightly colder than the commonly regarded coldest settlement of [[Braemar]], which had an annual average temperature of {{convert|6.81|C|F}} in this period.<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] | url= http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=8&indexid=TX&periodidselect=1981-2010&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-509404.761906&miny=-4032500.000000&maxx=-76071.428572&maxy=-3707500.000000&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=369&mainmap.y=92&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT&ecapoints=Y#bottom|title=Climatology maps}}</ref> However, Leadhills' slightly more exposed and elevated location than Braemar results in absolute minima being higher than one might expect - the December absolute minimum of {{convert|-15.0|C|F}}<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] | url= http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=1961&indexid=TNn&stationid=1876 | title = 1961 minimum}}</ref> compares favourably to usually milder Glasgow Airport's absolute minimum of {{convert|-20.0|C|F}}.
 
{{Weather box
|location = Leadhills: 393m (1991–2020 normals; extremes 1959–2020)
|collapsed =
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 10.9
|Feb record high C = 13.2
|Mar record high C = 19.5
|Apr record high C = 23.8
|May record high C = 26.8
|Jun record high C = 28.2
|Jul record high C = 28.4
|Aug record high C = 28.5
|Sep record high C = 24.8
|Oct record high C = 21.7
|Nov record high C = 14.6
|Dec record high C = 12.8
|year record high C =
 
|Jan high C = 4.5
|Feb high C = 4.9
|Mar high C = 7.0
|Apr high C = 9.8
|May high C = 13.4
|Jun high C = 15.5
|Jul high C = 17.3
|Aug high C = 16.7
|Sep high C = 14.3
|Oct high C = 10.4
|Nov high C = 7.0
|Dec high C = 4.9
|year high C =
 
|Jan mean C = 1.9
|Feb mean C = 2.1
|Mar mean C = 3.7
|Apr mean C = 5.8
|May mean C = 8.7
|Jun mean C = 11.2
|Jul mean C = 13.1
|Aug mean C = 12.7
|Sep mean C = 10.7
|Oct mean C = 7.3
|Nov mean C = 4.3
|Dec mean C = 2.3
|year mean C =
 
|Jan low C = -0.6
|Feb low C = -0.8
|Mar low C = 0.2
|Apr low C = 1.8
|May low C = 4.0
|Jun low C = 6.9
|Jul low C = 8.9
|Aug low C = 8.6
|Sep low C = 6.9
|Oct low C = 4.2
|Nov low C = 1.5
|Dec low C = -0.5
|year low C =
 
|Jan record low C = -14.1
|Feb record low C = -14.0
|Mar record low C = -15.0
|Apr record low C = -9.4
|May record low C = -6.8
|Jun record low C = -3.1
|Jul record low C = 0.0
|Aug record low C = -1.1
|Sep record low C = -3.4
|Oct record low C = -7.4
|Nov record low C = -10.5
|Dec record low C = -15.0
|year record low C =
 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 217.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 166.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 149.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 114.1
|May precipitation mm = 109.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 104.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 122.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 140.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 142.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 201.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 207.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 212.7
|year precipitation mm =
 
|Jan precipitation days = 20.0
|Feb precipitation days = 16.8
|Mar precipitation days = 16.5
|Apr precipitation days = 14.9
|May precipitation days = 13.6
|Jun precipitation days = 13.8
|Jul precipitation days = 16.2
|Aug precipitation days = 16.4
|Sep precipitation days = 15.8
|Oct precipitation days = 18.9
|Nov precipitation days = 19.0
|Dec precipitation days = 18.9
|year precipitation days =
 
|source 1 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org/listenormale-1991-2020-4-p183.php
|title= United Kingdom climate normals 1991-2020
|publisher=Météo Climat
|access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org/index.php?page=stati&id=2314#ss
|title= Weather Extremes for Leadhills
|publisher=Météo Climat
|access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>
}}
 
== Footnotes ==
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== References ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* A.G.B. ([[Alexander Balloch Grosart]]), "A Trip to the Gold Regions of Scotland, Described in a letter to a Friend (Part I)", ''The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=DboUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA459#v=onepage&q&f=false Vol.39, (May 1853), pp.459-468]; "A Trip to the Gold Regions of Scotland, Described in a letter to a Friend (Part II)", ''The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=DboUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA589#v=onepage&q&f=false Vol.39, (June 1853), pp.589-598.]
* Anon, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GS07AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false "Mean Temperature of Leadhills for Ten Years", ''The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal'', Vol.5, No.9, (July 1821), p.219.]
* Braid, J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=HQQbAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA428#v=onepage&q&f=false "Case of Reunion of a Separated Portion of the Finger. By Mr JAMES BRAID, Surgeon at Leadhills. Communicated by CHARLES ANDERSON, M.D. Leith", ''Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal'', Vol.12, No.48, (1 October 1816), pp.428-429.]
* Braid, J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=8-9HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA414#v=onepage&q&f=false "Account of the Fatal Accident which happened in the Leadhills Company's Mines, the 1st March, 1817. By Mr. James Braid, Surgeon, Leadhills. Read before the Wernerian Society 7th June", ''The Scots Magazine and Edinburgh Literary Miscellany'', Vol.79, (June 1817), pp.414-416.]
* Braid, J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=aHAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA471#v=onepage&q&f=false "Account of a Thunder Storm in the Neighbourhood of Leadhills, Lanarkshire; By Mr. James Braid, Surgeon at Leadhills. Read before the Wernerian Society 7th June", ''Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine'', Vol.1, No.5, (August 1817), pp.471-472.]
* Braid, J., [https://archive.org/details/memoirswerneria05scotgoog/page/n275 "Observations on the Formation of the various Lead-Spars", pp.508-513 in ''Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Vol.IV (For the years 1821-22-23), Part II'', (Edinburgh), 1823.]
* Braid, J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=v6lBERSKoDYC&pg=PA546#v=onepage&q&f=false "Case of Hydrothorax, successfully treated by Blood-letting, with Observations on the Nature and Causes of the Disease. By James Braid, Corresponding Member of the Wernerian Society, Surgeon at Leadhills", ''Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal'', Vol.19, No.77, (1 October 1823), pp.546-551.]
* Brown, R., "The Mines and Minerals of Leadhills", ''Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society'', Vol.6, (1918), pp.&nbsp;124–137.
* Brown, R., "More about the Mines and Minerals of Wanlockhead and Leadhills", ''Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society'', Vol.13, (1925), pp.&nbsp;58–79.
* Chambers, R. & Chambers, W., [https://books.google.com/books?id=u7NCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Gazetteer of Scotland'', Volume I, Andrew Jack, (Edinburgh), 1844.]
* Crawford, J.C. [1997], "Leadhills Library and a Wider World", ''Library Review'', Vol.46, No.8, (1997), pp.&nbsp;539–553. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242539710187876 doi=10.1108/00242539710187876]
* [[Robert Christison|Christison, R.]], [https://archive.org/details/treatiseonpoison00chri ''A Treatise on Poisons: In Relation to Medical Jurisprudence, Physiology, and the Practice of Physic (Second Edition)'', Adam Black, (Edinburgh), 1832.]
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* Hills, R.L., [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328190756/http://www.pdmhs.com/PDFs/ScannedBulletinArticles/Bulletin%2013-6%20-%20James%20Watt's%20Steam%20Engines%20for%20the%20Leadhill.pdf "James Watt’s Steam Engine for the Leadhills Mines", ''Mining History'', Vol.13, No.6, (Winter 1998), pp.25-28.]
*{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB732|desc=Scots Mining Company House...|cat=A|access-date=27 March 2019}}
* "J.", [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ch0EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false "Letter to the Editor (Short Account of the Miners at Leadhills and Wanlockhead)", ''The Christian Observer'', Vol.23, No.1, (January 1823), pp.26-29.]
* Jackaman, P., "The Company, the Common Man and the Library: Leadhills and Wanlockhead", ''Library Review'', Vol.29, No.1, (1980), pp.&nbsp;27–32. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb012702 doi=10.1108/eb012702]
* Kaufman, P., "Leadhills: Library of Diggers", ''Libri'', Vol.7, No.1, (1967), pp.&nbsp;13–20.
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* Smout, T. [1967], "Lead-Mining in Scotland, 1650-1850", pp.&nbsp;103–135 in Payne, P.L. (ed), ''Studies in Scottish Business History'', Frank Cass & Co., (London), 1967.
* Watson, W., [https://archive.org/stream/edinburghmedical32edinuoft#page/345/mode/1up "Account of the Effects of the Accidental Inhalation of the Gas of Burning Coal in the Wanlockhead Mines", ''The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal'', Vol.32, No.101, (1 October 1829), pp.345-347.]
* Watson, W., [https://books.google.com/books?id=HsNOAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false "Observations on the Influence of Imperfect Supplies of Fresh Air, Long Continued, on the General Health", ''The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal'', Vol.35, No.106, (1 January 1831), pp.89-92.]
* Wilson, J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=pO1WAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA459#v=onepage&q&f=false "An Account of the Disease called ''Mill-Reek'' by the Miners at Leadhills, in a Letter from Mr. James Wilson, Surgeon at Durrisdeer, to Alexander Monro", Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary (of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh), Vol.1, (1754), p.459-466.]
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