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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2023}}
The '''Father of the Nation''' is an [[honorific]] title given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a [[country]], [[Sovereign state|state]], or [[nation]]. {{lang|la|[[Pater Patriae]]}} (plural {{lang|la|Patres Patriae}}), also seen as {{lang|la|Parens Patriae}}, was a Roman honorific meaning the "Father of the Fatherland", bestowed by the Senate on heroes, and later on emperors. In monarchies, the [[monarch]] is often considered the "'''father/mother of the nation'''" or as a [[patriarch]] to guide his family. This concept is expressed in the [[divine right of kings]] espoused in some monarchies, while in others it is codified into constitutional law.
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! Nation
! Title (native)
! Title (translation)
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Afghanistan}}
| [[Padishah|Ahmad Shah Baba]]
| Ahmad Shah the Father<ref name="Singh">{{cite book|title=Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan |last1=Ganḍā |first1=Singh |year=1959|publisher=Asia Pub. House |isbn=978-1-4021-7278-6|page=457|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_A8AAAAMAAJ |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0010) |title=Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire |access-date=2010-08-25 |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on [[Afghanistan]] |year=1997 |archive-date=22 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722064857/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0010) |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10162/Ahmad-Shah-Durrani |title=Aḥmad Shah Durrānī |access-date=2010-08-25 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online Version |year=2010}}</ref>
| Founder of the Afghan [[Durrani Empire]]
|-
|
|Last and longest-reigning [[List of heads of state of Afghanistan|king of Afghanistan]] (1933–1973)<ref name="Britannica">''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9078202/Mohammad-Zahir-Shah "Mohammad Zahir Shah"]</ref>
|-▼
| [[Ismail Qemali|Ismail Kemal]]
| {{Flag|Albania}}
| Babai Kombit
| Father of the Nation
| Led the Albanian national movement against the [[Ottoman Empire]]
|-▼
| [[Ahmed Ben Bella]]
|
| Father of the Nation
| First [[President of Algeria]] and first [[Prime Minister of Algeria]]
|-
| [[V. C. Bird]]
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|
| Father of the Nation
| First prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda
|-
| [[Agostinho Neto]]
|
| Father of the Nation
| Leader of the [[MPLA]] during the [[Angolan War of Independence]] and the first [[President of Angola]].
|-
| [[José de San Martín]]
| {{Flag|Argentina}}<br/>{{Flag|Chile}}<br/>{{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]]
| Padre de la Patria /<br /> Fundador de la República y Protector del Perú<ref>[http://www.argentina.ar/_es/pais/personalidades/C2390-jose-de-san-martin.php] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202114854/http://www.argentina.ar/_es/pais/personalidades/C2390-jose-de-san-martin.php|date=2 December 2011}}</ref>
| Father of the Fatherland /<br /> Founder of the Republic and Protector of Peru
| Primary leader of the [[Argentine War of Independence]] and the [[Spanish American wars of independence]] in southern South America
|-
| [[María Remedios del Valle]]
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| Nahapet (Նահապետ)
| Head of the Family<br/>Patriarch
| Legendary founder of the [[Armenians|Armenian nation]]
|-
| [[Henry Parkes|Sir Henry Parkes]], {{post-nominals|country=AUS|GCMG}}
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| Father of [[Federation of Australia|Federation]]
| Gave the [[Tenterfield Oration]], which is believed to be pivotal in the process of the [[Federation of Australia]].
|-
| [[Heydar Aliyev]]
| Böyük Lider
| Great Leader
| 3rd [[President of Azerbaijan]] from 1993 to his death in 2003, considered the founder of the modern Azerbaijani state.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3170536.stm</ref>
|-
| [[Lynden Pindling|Sir Lynden Pindling]]
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| Jatir Janak ({{lang|bn|জাতির জনক}}) <br />Bangabandhu ({{lang|bn|বঙ্গবন্ধু}})
| Father of the Nation <br/>Friend of Bengal
| Founder of Bangladesh, leader during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/27/archives/father-of-bangladesh-mujibur-rahman.html|title='Father' of Bangladesh|date=1975-01-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/706268/Immortal-Bangabandhu | title=Immortal Bangabandhu | Daily Sun | | date=August 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Errol Barrow]]
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|
| Father of Independence
| The third and final [[premier of Barbados]], serving from 1961 to 1966, who lead Barbados to [[Barbados Independence Act 1966|independence from the British Empire]] in 1966. He became the first prime minister and served three terms (1966–76, 1986–87) dying in office of illness during his third.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BGIS |date=2024-01-21 |title=Celebrating The Life Of Errol Walton Barrow |url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/celebrating-the-life-of-errol-barrow/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=GIS |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Konstanty Kalinowski]]
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{{cite news |url=http://news.mybelize.net/index.php?action=view&id=1875&module=newsmodule&src=%40random4865ef792ff2d |title=The Father of the Nation Turns 90 |date=16 January 2009 |publisher=7 News Belize |access-date=2009-05-13 |quote=Even Prime Minister [[Dean Barrow]] calls George Price the father of the nation }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
</ref>
▲|-
▲| {{Flag|Bhutan}}
▲|-
|-
| [[Seretse Khama]]
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| Architect of Modern Brunei. Builder of the Modern Nation and Father of Independence
| 28th [[List of sultans of Brunei|Sultan of Brunei]] and First [[Ministry of Defence (Brunei)|Minister of Defence]] (1914–1986).
|-
| [[Thomas Sankara]]
| {{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|
| Father of The Nation and Hero of Burkina Faso
| First president of [[Burkina Faso]]. Renamed the country from [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] to Burkina Faso and writer of the national anthem, [[Ditanyè]].
|-
| [[Louis Rwagasore]]
| {{Flag|Burundi}}
|
| Father of Independence
|Burundi independence movement leader, second and youngest [[Prime Minister of Burundi]] and Crown Prince of the [[Kingdom of Burundi]].
|-
| [[Asparuh]]
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| Father of the fatherland
| Principal leader of the [[Chilean War of Independence]].
▲|-
| [[Mao Zedong]]▼
▲| {{Flag|China}}
|-
| [[Sun Yat-sen]]
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| [[Juan Pablo Duarte]]
| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
| Padre de la
| Father of the Fatherland
| Foremost of the founding fathers of the [[Dominican Republic]] and the key leader responsible for shaping the modern revolutionary ideology that opposed all foreign rule.
|-
| [[Ilia Chavchavadze]]
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| President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997.
|-
| [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] & [[Toussaint Louverture]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lamrani |first=Salim |date=2021-04-30 |title=Toussaint Louverture, In the Name of Dignity. A Look at the Trajectory of the Precursor of Independence of Haiti |url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/22675#tocto1n2 |journal=Études caribéennes |language=en |issue=48 |doi=10.4000/etudescaribeennes.22675 |s2cid=245041866 |issn=1779-0980|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mocombe |first=Paul C. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326109707 |title=Identity and Ideology in Haiti: The Children of Sans Souci, Dessalines/Toussaint, and Pétion |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |pages=1 |access-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815022353/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul-Mocombe/publication/326109707_Identity_and_Ideology_in_Haiti_The_Children_of_Sans_Souci_DessalinesToussaint_and_Petion/links/5b4101cf458515f71cb114a1/Identity-and-Ideology-in-Haiti-The-Children-of-Sans-Souci-Dessalines-Toussaint-and-Petion.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{Flag|Haiti}}
| Père de la patrie
| Father of the Fatherland
| Primary
|-
|[[Dionisio de Herrera]]
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|{{Flag|India}}
|राष्ट्रपिता (Rashtrapita)<br>Bapu (Father)
|Father of the Nation<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi Jayanti 2021: Inspirational quotes by 'Father of the Nation' Mahatma Gandhi|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/gandhi-jayanti-2021-inspirational-quotes-by-father-of-the-nation-mahatma-gandhi-10016461.html|access-date=15 October 2021|work=Firstpost|date=2 October 2021|language=en|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003150745/https://www.firstpost.com/india/gandhi-jayanti-2021-inspirational-quotes-by-father-of-the-nation-mahatma-gandhi-10016461.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia-20Jan20">{{Cite news|title=Mahatma Gandhi was never declared 'Father of Nation', reveals RTI reply |url=https://
| Leader of the [[Indian independence movement]] from [[British Raj]].
|-
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|-
| [[David Ben-Gurion]]
| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Israel}}
| Israel's [[founding father]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/1/newsid_2492000/2492775.stm|title=1973: Israel's founding father dies|date=1 December 1973|access-date=31 August 2018|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
| Father of the Nation
|
|-
|[[Theodor Herzl]]
|{{transliteration|he|Chozeh HaMedinah}} ({{lang|he|חוֹזֵה הַמְדִינָה}}), {{lit|Visionary of the State}}
|Spiritual Father of the Jewish State<ref name="declaration">{{cite web |date=May 14, 1948 |title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/declaration%20of%20establishment%20of%20state%20of%20israel.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228134825/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/declaration%20of%20establishment%20of%20state%20of%20israel.aspx |archive-date=Dec 28, 2015 |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
|Father of modern [[Types of Zionism#Political Zionism|political Zionism]]
|-
| [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour|Camillo Benso]]<br>[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]<br>[[Giuseppe Mazzini]]<br>[[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia]]
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| Father of the Nation/Freedom Fighter
| First President of Kenya from 1963 to his death in 1978 who helped create the [[Constitution of Kenya|Kenyan Constitution]].
▲|-
▲| {{Flag|North Korea}}
| 주체조선의 영원한 수령 (''Juchejoseonui Yeongwonhan Suryeong'')▼
| [[Eternal leaders of North Korea|Eternal Leader]]▼
|-
| [[Ibrahim Rugova]]
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| Father of the Nation
| First post–[[World War II]] [[Prime Minister of Norway|prime minister]] of [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/tusenarsskiftet/article561221.ece | title = Gratulerer, kjære landsmann! | publisher = [[Aftenposten]] | author = Bjørn Talen | date = 1987-05-09 | access-date = 2007-12-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134650/http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/tusenarsskiftet/article561221.ece <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-10-13|language=no}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|North Korea}}
▲| [[Eternal leaders of North Korea|Eternal Leader]]
| Founder of the North Korean state, progenitor of [[Juche]], and [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]] from 1949 to 1994<ref>https://www.cfr.org/north-korea-power-structure</ref>
|-
| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
Line 526 ⟶ 549:
|
| Father of the Nation
| First [[First Minister of Scotland]] following the reconvening of the [[Scottish Parliament]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18781330.remembering-donald-dewar-glasgow-politician-became-father-nation/|title=
|-
| [[Dobrica Ćosić]]
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|Tata
| Father of the nation
| First president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He founded the [[Zambian African National Congress]] (ANC), later becoming the head of the [[United National Independence Party]] (UNIP) which led to attaining independence.
|}
| |||