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{{Infobox university
| name = Cavendish Laboratory
| native_name =
| image_name = Image: Cavendish-plaque retouch b.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Cavendish plaque at original [[New Museums Site]]
|
| established = 1874
| closed =
| type =
| affiliation = [[University of Cambridge]]
| endowment =
| head_label = Head of department
| head =
| free_label = [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]]
| free = Vacant
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Cambridge]]
| state =
| province =
| country = United Kingdom
| coor = {{
| campus =
| former_names =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/}}
▲| footnotes =
}}
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The laboratory moved to its present site in [[West Cambridge]] in 1974.
{{As of|2019}}, 30 Cavendish researchers have won [[Nobel Prize]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/resources/nobel/about.php |title=Nobel Prize Winners who have worked for considerable periods of time at the Cavendish Laboratory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112165035/http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/resources/nobel/about.php |archive-date=2006-01-12}}</ref> Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the [[electron]], [[neutron]], and structure of [[DNA]].
==Founding==
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[[File:Sir Ernest Rutherfords laboratory, early 20th century. (9660575343).jpg|thumb|Sir Ernest Rutherford's physics laboratory- early 20th century]]
The Cavendish Laboratory was initially located on the [[New Museums Site]], [[Free School Lane]], in the centre of Cambridge. It is named after British chemist and physicist [[Henry Cavendish]]<ref name=history>{{cite web |url=http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/ |title=The History of the Cavendish |date=13 August 2013 |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=8 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408185833/http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ahisotry>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcavendi00londuoft |title=A history of the Cavendish laboratory,
Professor [[James Clerk Maxwell]], the developer of [[electromagnetic theory]], was a founder of the laboratory and the first [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]].<ref>Dennis Moralee, [http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/old_maxwell.php "Maxwell's Cavendish"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915013523/http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/old_maxwell.php |date=2013-09-15 }}, from the booklet "A Hundred Years and More of Cambridge Physics"</ref> The Duke of Devonshire had given to Maxwell, as head of the laboratory, the manuscripts of Henry Cavendish's unpublished ''Electrical Works''. The editing and publishing of these was Maxwell's main scientific work while he was at the laboratory. Cavendish's work aroused Maxwell's intense admiration and he decided to call the Laboratory (formerly known as the Devonshire Laboratory) the Cavendish Laboratory and thus to commemorate both the Duke and Henry Cavendish.<ref>[http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/museum/area1/maxwell.htm "James Clerk Maxwell"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224014615/http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/museum/area1/maxwell.htm# |date=2015-02-24 }}, Cambridge University</ref><ref name=austin>{{cite web |url=http://www.austinmemories.com/page160/page160.html |title=Austin Wing of the Cavendish Laboratory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121233127/http://www.austinmemories.com/page160/page160.html |archive-date=2012-11-21}}</ref>
==Physics==
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==Biology==
The Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on [[biology]], mainly through the application of [[X-ray crystallography]] to the study of structures of biological molecules. [[Francis Crick]] already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by [[Max Perutz]]<ref name=perutz>{{Cite journal |
The discovery was made on 28 February 1953; the first Watson/Crick paper appeared in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' on 25 April 1953. Sir [[Lawrence Bragg]], the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at [[Guy's Hospital]] Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in the ''[[News Chronicle]]'' of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled "Why You Are You. Nearer Secret of Life." The news reached readers of ''[[The New York Times]]'' the next day; Victor K. McElheny, in researching his biography, ''Watson and DNA: Making a Scientific Revolution'', found a clipping of a six-paragraph ''New York Times'' article written from London and dated 16 May 1953 with the headline "Form of `Life Unit' in Cell Is Scanned." The article ran in an early edition and was then pulled to make space for news deemed more important. (''The New York Times'' subsequently ran a longer article on 12 June 1953). The Cambridge University undergraduate newspaper ''[[Varsity (Cambridge)|Varsity]]'' also ran its own short article on the discovery on Saturday 30 May 1953. Bragg's original announcement of the discovery at a [[Solvay Conference]] on [[proteins]] in Belgium on 8 April 1953 went unreported by the British press.
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[[File:CavendishLab.jpg|thumb|Southern aspect of the laboratory at its current site, viewed from across 'Payne's Pond']]
[[File:Cavendish Laboratory III.jpg|thumb|The third iteration of the Cavendish Laboratory under construction in 2020 on its new site at JJ Thomson Avenue]]
Due to overcrowding in the old buildings, it moved to its present site in [[West Cambridge]] in the early 1970s.<ref name=map>{{cite web |url=http://map.cam.ac.uk/#52.206989,0.097120,15 |title=West Cambridge Site Location of the Cavendish Laboratory on the University map |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225212649/http://map.cam.ac.uk/#52.206989,0.097120,15 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is due to move again to a third site currently under construction in West Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/caviii |title=Cavendish III
==Nobel
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
# [[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]] (Physics, 1904)
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# [[Charles Glover Barkla]] (Physics, 1917)
# [[Francis William Aston]] (Chemistry, 1922)
# [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]]<ref>{{Cite journal |
# [[Arthur Compton]] (Physics, 1927)
# Sir [[Owen Willans Richardson]] (Physics, 1928)
# Sir [[James Chadwick]] (Physics, 1935)
# Sir [[George Paget Thomson]]<ref>{{Cite journal |
# Sir [[Edward Victor Appleton]] (Physics, 1947)
# [[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett]] (Physics, 1948)
# Sir [[John Cockcroft]]<ref name=cockcroft>{{Cite journal |
# [[Ernest Walton]] (Physics, 1951)
# [[Francis Crick]] (Physiology or Medicine, 1962)
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# [[Max Perutz]] (Chemistry, 1962)
# Sir [[John Kendrew]] (Chemistry, 1962)
# [[Dorothy Hodgkin]]<ref name=hodgkin>{{Cite journal |
# [[Brian Josephson]] (Physics, 1973)
# Sir [[Martin Ryle]] (Physics, 1974)
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# [[Allan McLeod Cormack]] (Physiology or Medicine, 1979)
# [[Mohammad Abdus Salam]] (Physics, 1979)
# Sir [[Aaron Klug]]<ref name=klug>{{Cite journal |
# [[Didier Queloz]] (Physics, 2019)
{{div col end}}
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{{Main|Cavendish Professor of Physics}}
The Cavendish Professors were the heads of the department until the tenure of Sir Brian Pippard, during which period the roles separated.
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
# [[James Clerk Maxwell]]
# [[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]]<ref name=strutt>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Rayleigh|title=John William Strutt}}</ref> 1879–1884
# Sir [[Joseph J. Thomson]]
# [[Ernest Rutherford]]
# Sir [[William Lawrence Bragg]]
# Sir [[Nevill Francis Mott]]
# Sir [[Brian Pippard]]
# Sir [[Sam Edwards (physicist)|Sam Edwards]]
# Sir [[Richard Friend]]
# Vacant 2020–present
{{div col end}}
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{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
# Professor Sir [[Alan Cook (physicist)|Alan Cook]]
# Professor [[Archie Howie]]
# Professor [[Malcolm Longair]]†
# Professor [[Peter Littlewood]]
# Professor [[James Stirling (physicist)|James Stirling]]†
# Professor [[Michael Andrew Parker]]
# Professor [[Mete Atature]] 2023 –
† ''Jacksonian Professors of Natural Philosophy''
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Areas in which the Laboratory has been influential include:-
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*
*
*
*
*
*Semiconductor Physics<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sp.phy.cam.ac.uk/ |title=Semiconductor Physics Group |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-date=8 October 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031008065728/http://www.sp.phy.cam.ac.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*
*
*
*
*
{{div col end}}
==Cavendish staff==
{{As of|
===Notable senior academic staff===
{{As of|2015}} senior academic staff ([[
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
# [[Jeremy Baumberg]]
# [[Jacqui Cole]], Professor of Molecular Engineering
# [[Athene Donald]]
# Sir [[Richard Friend]]
# [[Stephen Gull]], University Professor of Physics
# Sir [[Michael Pepper]]
# [[Didier Queloz]]
# [[James F. Scott|James Floyd Scott]]
# [[Benjamin Simons|Ben Simons]]
# [[Henning Sirringhaus]]
# [[Sarah Teichmann]]
{{div col end}}
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{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
# [[Mick Brown (physicist)|Mick Brown]]
# [[Volker Heine]],
# [[Brian Josephson]],
# [[Archibald Howie]],
# [[Malcolm Longair]],
# [[Gil Lonzarich]],
# [[Bryan Webber]],
{{div col end}}
===Other notable alumni===
Besides the Nobel Laureates, the Cavendish
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*[[Louis Harold Gray]]
*
*
*
* [[H. Wheeler Robinson|Bernard Roberts]]
*
*
*[[Evan James Williams]]
*[[Richard A. Jones (physicist)|Richard Jones]] {{div col end}}
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==Further reading==
*
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge|Cavendish Laboratory}}
*
{{University of Cambridge}}
{{
[[Category:Cavendish Laboratory| ]]
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