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{{Short description|1955 Italian film}}
{{film IMDb refimprove |date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox film ▼
{{Italic title}}
| name = Le amiche
▲{{Infobox film
| image = Le_Amiche_Poster.jpg
| captionname = Theatrical release poster = Le amiche
| borderimage = yesLe_Amiche_Poster.jpg
| directorcaption = [[MichelangeloTheatrical release Antonioni]]poster
| producerdirector = Giovanni[[Michelangelo AddessiAntonioni]]
| musicproducer = [[Giovanni Fusco]]Addessi▼
| writer = {{ubl|Michelangelo Antonioni|[[Suso Cecchi Dd'Amico]]|[[Alba Dede CespedesCéspedes y Bertini|Alba de Céspedes]]}}
| based on = {{based on|''Tra donne sole''|Cesare Pavese}}
| starringbased_on = {{ubl|[[Eleonora Rossibased Drago]]on|[[Gabriele''Tra Ferzetti]]|[[Francodonne Fabrizi]]sole''|[[ValentinaCesare CortesePavese]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Eleonora Rossi Drago]]|[[Gabriele Ferzetti]]|[[Franco Fabrizi]]|[[Valentina Cortese]]}}
▲| music = [[Giovanni Fusco]]
| cinematographymusic = [[Gianni DiGiovanni VenanzoFusco]]
| editing cinematography = [[EraldoGianni DaDi RomaVenanzo]]
| distributorediting = [[TitanusEraldo Da Roma]]
| production_companies = Trionfalcine
| released = {{film date|1955|11|18|Italy}}
| runtimedistributor = 104 minutes= [[Titanus]]
| countryreleased = {{film date|1955|9|7|Italy|df=y}}
| runtime = 104 minutes{{efn|Running time according to the [[Criterion Collection]] Blu-ray release of the film's restored 2008 version<ref>{{cite AV media|date=2016 |title=Le Amiche |type=Blu-ray |publisher=Criterion Collection}}</ref>}}
| language = [[Italian language|Italian]]▼
| budgetcountry = Italy
▲| language = [[Italian language|Italian]]
}}
'''''Le amiche''''' ({{lang-enIPA|italic=yesit|Thele Girlfriendsaˈmiːke|}}, lit. "The girlfriends") is a 1955 Italian black-and-white [[drama film]] directed by [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] and starring [[Eleonora Rossi Drago]], [[Gabriele Ferzetti]], [[Franco Fabrizi]], and [[Valentina Cortese]].<ref Adaptedname="Antonioni">{{cite frombook|title=Michaelangelo [[CesareAntonioni Pavese]]'s|editor1-last=Jansen novel|editor1-first=Peter ''TraW. donne|editor2-last=Schütte sole''|editor2-first=Wolfram (1949),|publisher=Carl theHanser filmVerlag is about a young woman who returns to her native Turin to set up a new fashion salon|location=Munich and becomesVienna involved with a troubled woman and her three wealthy friends.|year=1984}}</ref><ref name="imdbPipolo">{{cite web|title=Le amiche |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdbcriterion.com/titlecurrent/tt0047821posts/4095-le-amiche-friends-italian-style |accessdatetitle=28Le Aprilamiche: 2012Friends—Italian Style |first=Tony |last=Pipolo |website=Criterion Collection |date=7 June 2016 |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> The film was shotBased on location in [[TurinCesare Pavese]],'s Piedmont,1949 Italynovella ''Tra donne sole'' (lit.<ref name="imdblocationsAmong women only">{{cite web|title=Locationsor for"Among Lesingle amichewomen"),<ref |websitename=Internet"Antonioni" Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047821/locations><ref |accessdatename=28"Pipolo" April 2012}}</ref> ''Le amiche'' receivedportrays thea [[Venicegroup Filmof Festival]]'sfive upper-class women in [[Silver LionTurin]] awardand intheir 1955,various andrelationships thewith Italianmen. NationalIt Syndicatepremiered ofat Filmthe Journalists[[16th SilverVenice RibbonInternational AwardFilm forFestival]],<ref Bestname="Antonioni" Director/> (Michelangelowhere Antonioni)it andwas Bestawarded Supportingthe Actress[[Silver (Valentina Cortese)Lion]].<ref name="imdbawardsfilmdienst">{{cite web|title=Awards for Le amiche |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdbfilmdienst.comde/titlefilm/tt0047821details/awards25534/die-freundinnen |accessdatetitle=Die Freundinnen |language=de |website=Filmdienst |access-date=284 AprilJanuary 20122023}}</ref>
 
==Plot==
Clelia returns from [[Rome]] to her native city Turin, assigned to supervise the opening of a branch of the Roman fashion salon where she previously has been working. By coincidence, she is confronted with the suicide attempt of a young woman named Rosetta and gets acquainted with her circle of Turin socialites. The group includes the coquettish Mariella, Momina, who lives separated from her husband and has changing affairs, and successful ceramics artist Nene, who lives with Lorenzo, an unrecognised painter. The construction work on the salon, whose opening lies only a few days ahead, is not finished yet, for which Clelia scolds Cesare, the architect in charge, who turns out to be Momina's present affair. During her inspection, Clelia also meets Cesare's assistant Carlo. Although she feels attracted to him, she is soon confronted with the social boundaries between Carlo, who is of working class descent, and herself, regardless of the fact that Clelia grew up in one of Turin's poor quarters as well.
{{more plot|date=November 2015}}
 
Returning to her native Turin for the opening of a branch of a Rome fashion salon, the elegant Clelia ([[Eleonora Rossi Drago]]) discovers a young woman named Rosetta Savoni (Madeleine Fischer) near death in the next room of her hotel. Rosetta took an overdose of sleeping pills trying to commit suicide. Clelia, who is alone in her hometown, befriends Rosetta and her three wealthy friends. Momina De Stefani ([[Yvonne Furneaux]]) is separated from her husband and easily replaces lovers. Nene ([[Valentina Cortese]]) is a talented artist becoming successful in her career; she lives with a frustrated painter named Lorenzo ([[Gabriele Ferzetti]]) who envies his wife's success. Mariella (Anna Maria Pancani) is futile. Clelia is attracted by Carlo (Ettore Manni), the assistant of the salon's architect, Cesare Pedoni ([[Franco Fabrizi]]), but he belongs to the working class living in a different social reality. When Momina and Clelia discover that Rosetta tried to commit suicide because she fell in love with Lorenzo, the cynical Momina encourages Rosetta to stay with him, although he and Nene were supposed to marry soon. This advice leads to tragedy.
After Rosetta's return from the hospital, the five women, Cesare and Lorenzo take a trip to the beach. It becomes evident that Rosetta has fallen in love with Nene's partner Lorenzo, for whom she modeled and whom she had tried to ring up on the night of her suicide attempt. Rosetta tells Clelia of her inner emptiness and that she loathes the predictability which surrounds her. Clelia offers Rosetta a job at the salon as a means to find a different perspective on her life.
 
Rosetta tries to talk Lorenzo into leaving Nene for her, but Lorenzo remains hesitant. Eager to spend every moment possible with her lover, she decides against the opportunity to work at Clelia's salon. During the opening event, Nene, who has sensed the attraction between Rosetta and Lorenzo, offers Rosetta to let him go. When the group later meets in a restaurant, Cesare mocks Lorenzo for his lack of artistic success, and the two men get into a fight. Rosetta follows Lorenzo, who tells her that he cannot give her the love she seeks from him. Lorenzo returns to Nene, who eventually accepts him back, even if it means giving up the chance to go to [[New York City|New York]] for an exhibition of her work.
 
Soon after, Rosetta drowns herself in the [[Po (river)|Po]] river. [This is a departure from Pavese's plot, in which Rosetta, alone, takes an overdose of pills.] Disgusted by Momina's self-righteousness in the face of her friend's death, Clelia attacks her for her coldness and cynism in front of the salon customers and her employer. Convinced that she will lose her job, Clelia hints at Carlo the possibility of a relationship, but when her employer offers her to return to the salon in Rome, she chooses her professional career and independence over the prospect of becoming, in her words, "a peaceful wife in a modest home". She asks him to meet her one last time, but Carlo does not show up, instead secretly watching her departure on the train to Rome.
 
==Cast==
* [[Eleonora Rossi Drago]] as Clelia
* [[Gabriele Ferzetti]] as Lorenzo
* [[Franco Fabrizi]] as Cesare Pedoni, the architect
* [[Valentina Cortese]] as Nene
* [[Yvonne Furneaux]] as Momina De Stefani
* {{ill|[[Madeleine Fischer|it|}}]] as Rosetta Savoni
* {{illinterlanguage link|Anna Maria Pancani|it|}} as Mariella
* Luciano Volpato as Tony
* [[Maria Gambarelli]] as Clelia's employer
* [[FrancoEttore GiacobiniManni]] as Carlo
 
* [[Ettore Manni]] as Carlo<ref name="imdbcast">{{cite web|title=Full cast and crew for Le amiche |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047821/fullcredits#cast |accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref>
==Production and release==▼
* [[Alessandro Fersen]] as
Antonioni adapted the screenplay from Pavese's novella in collaboration with [[Suso Cecchi d'Amico]] and [[Alba de Céspedes y Bertini|Alba de Céspedes]], assigning the [[dramaturgy]] to d'Amico and the dialogue to Céspedes.<ref name="Antonioni" /> Alterations from the literary source include the narrative perspective, which is solely Clelia's in the novella, other than the film's multiple viewpoints, and the motive of Rosetta's suicide, which is ascribed to a luckless lesbian affair with Momina and a general feeling of senselessness in Pavese's book, while the ill-fated affair with Lorenzo serves as explanation in the adaptation.<ref name="Antonioni" /><ref>{{cite AV media|last1=Forgacs |first1=David |first2=Karen |last2=Pinkus |date=2016 |title=Le Amiche |type=Blu-ray |publisher=Criterion Collection}}</ref> The film was shot on location in Turin, produced by the Trionfalcine production company, Rome.<ref name="Antonioni" /> The women's wardrobe was designed by the Roman fashion house [[Sorelle Fontana]].<ref>{{cite AV media|last=Paulicelli |first=Eugenia |author-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |date=2016 |title=Le Amiche |type=Blu-ray |publisher=Criterion Collection}}</ref>
* [[Isabella Biagini]] as
 
''Le amiche'' premiered at the 16th Venice International Film Festival on 7 September 1955 and was distributed in Italy through [[Titanus]].<ref name="Antonioni" /> The film did respectably well at the box office; two years later, it premiered in [[Paris]] with critical support by ''[[Positif (magazine)|Positif]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite book|title=L'avventura |last=Nowell-Smith |first=Geoffrey |publisher=Bloomsbury |page=19 |year=2019 |isbn=9780851705347}}</ref> In the US, it was not shown before Antonioni had established himself as a filmmaker of international prominence with ''[[L'Avventura|L'avventura]]'' (1960).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Motion Picture Guide |volume=5 |authorlink1=Jay Robert Nash |authorlink2=Stanley Ralph Ross |first1=Jay Robert |last1=Nash |first2=Stanley Ralph |last2=Ross |publisher=Cinebooks |year=1986 |page=1638}}</ref>
 
On the film's initial run, some critics, such as novelist [[Alberto Moravia]], commented on Antonioni's approach to his material as being restrained.<ref name="Pipolo" /> Nowadays, the majority of critics regard ''Le amiche'' as an important early work by the director, which foreshadows themes again explored in his later films, in ''L'avventura'' in particular,<ref name="Pipolo" /><ref name="soc">{{cite web|title=Le Amiche |first=Hugo |last=Santander Ferreira |date=March 2011 |issue=74 |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2011/cteq/le-amiche/ |work=Senses of Cinema |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Time Out Film Guide |edition=7 |year=1998 |last=Thompson |first=David |publisher=Penguin Books |page=26}}</ref><ref name="Feeney">{{cite web|title=The Girlfriends (Le Amiche) |url=http://archive.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2010/06/30/revisiting_the_girlfriends/ |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |authorlink=Mark Feeney |first=Mark |last=Feeney |date=30 June 2010 |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> such as the lack of emotional connection between the protagonists<ref name="soc" /> and the emptiness within them.<ref name="Feeney" />
▲==Production==
The script for ''Le amiche'' was adapted from a novel by [[Cesare Pavese]]. It is one of the few adaptations Antonioni directed, the others being ''[[Blowup]]'' (based on a short story by [[Julio Cortázar]]); ''[[The Mystery of Oberwald]]'' (adapted from [[Jean Cocteau]]'s play ''[[L'Aigle à deux têtes]]'', which Cocteau had [[The Eagle with Two Heads|previously adapted]] to film); and his final feature, ''[[Beyond the Clouds (1995 film)|Beyond the Clouds]]'' (1995), based on a book of his own short stories. Antonioni wrote the [[screenplay]] in collaboration with [[Suso Cecchi d'Amico]] and [[Alba de Céspedes y Bertini|Alba De Cespedes]].
 
==Awards==
The film was shot on location in [[Turin]] through the Trionfalcine production company and distributed in Italy through [[Titanus]].<ref name="imdblocations"/>
* 1955: Venice International Film Festival – Silver Lion
* 1956: Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists – [[Nastro d'Argento|Silver Ribbon Award]] for Best Director (Michelangelo Antonioni)<ref name="Film_Prizes">{{cite book|title=International Film Prizes: An Encyclopedia |last=Hammer |first=Tad B. |year=1991 |publisher=Garland |page=256 |isbn=9780824070991}}</ref>
* 1956: Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists – Silver Ribbon Award for Best Supporting Actress (Valentina Cortese) – '''Won'''<ref name="imdbawardsFilm_Prizes" />▼
 
==Notes==
==Awards and nominations==
{{Notelist}}
* 1955 Venice Film Festival Silver Lion Award (Michelangelo Antonioni) – '''Won'''
* 1955 Venice Film Festival Golden Lion Award Nomination (Michelangelo Antonioni)
* 1956 Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon Award for Best Director (Michelangelo Antonioni) – '''Won'''
▲* 1956 Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon Award for Best Supporting Actress (Valentina Cortese) – '''Won'''<ref name="imdbawards"/>
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0047821}}
* [{{cite web|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2010/06/18/movies/18amiche.html?scp=1&sq=antonioni&st=cse Review|title=Le atAmiche the|last=Scott |first=A.O. |authorlink=A. O. Scott |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 June 2010 |access-date=5 January 2023}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2010/06/22/le-amiche/ |title=Le Amiche |authorlink=J. Hoberman |last=Hoberman |first=J. |work=[[The Village Voice]] |date=22 June 2010 |access-date=5 January 2023}}
*[https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/4095-le-amiche-friends-italian-style ''Le amiche: Friends—Italian Style''] an essay by Tony Pipolo at the [[Criterion Collection]]
* {{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/infinite-football |title=Le Amiche |last=Brody |first=Richard |authorlink=Richard Brody |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=25 May 2015 |access-date=5 January 2023}}
 
{{Michelangelo Antonioni}}
{{The Silver Lion (1953–1994)}}
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amiche, Le}}
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:1950s1955 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about suicide]]
[[Category:Films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni]]
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[[Category:Italian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Italian drama films]]
[[Category:1950s Italian-language films]]
[[Category:Italian-language films]]▼
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Suso Cecchi d'Amico]]
[[Category:Titanus films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Giovanni Fusco]]
▲[[Category:1950s Italian-language films]]
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