Bijapur district, Karnataka: Difference between revisions

{{Use dmy dates|date=JanuaryOctober 20202023}}

{{Use Indian English|date=JanuaryOctober 20202023}}

| name = Bijapur district

| official_name = Vijayapura district

| other_name =

| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Karnataka|District]] of [[Karnataka]]

| image_skyline = {{Photomontage

|photo2a = AlmattiBoating Damat 26almatti.jpgJPG

| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Gol Gumbaz]], [[Ibrahim RouzaRauza]], Asar Mahal, [[Bara Kaman]], [[Almatti Dam]]

| nickname =

| image_map = Karnataka Bijapur locator map.svg

| image_map1 =

| map_caption = Location in Karnataka

| coordinates = {{coord|16.82|N|75.72|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]

| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kannada people.svg}} [[Karnataka]]

| established_title = Established

| established_date = 1 November 1956

| founder =

| named_for =

| seat_type = Headquarters

| seat = [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]

| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s

| parts = [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]], [[Basavana Bagewadi]], [[Sindagi]], [[Indi, Karnataka|Indi]], [[Muddebihal]], [[Nidagundi]], [[Talikote]], [[Babaleshwar]], [[Tikota]], [[Chadchan]], [[Devara Hipparagi]], [[Kolhar taluka|Kolhar]], [[Almel.]]

| government_type =

| governing_body =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 10498

| area_rank =

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m =

| population_total = 2177331

| population_as_of = 2011

| population_footnotes =

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_rank =

| population_demonym =

| demographics_type1 = Languages

| demographics1_title1 = Official

| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1 = +5:30

| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->

| postal_code =

| area_code = + 91 (0) 8352

| area_code_type = Telephone code

| registration_plate = * [[Bijapur|Vijayapura]] [[List of RTO districts in India#KA.E2.80.94Karnataka|KA]]- 28

| website = {{URL|https://vijayapura.nic.in/en/}}

| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]

| footnotes =

'''Bijapur district,''', officially known as '''Vijayapura district''',<ref>{{Citecite news |title=Bangalore becomes 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed web|url=httphttps://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bangalore-becomes-bengaluru-11-other-cities-renamed/articleshow/45002333.cms |titleaccess-date=Bangalore22 becomesOctober 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed -2023 |work=The Economic Times |agency=PTI |access-date=2016-09-041 November 2014}}</ref> is a district in the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]]. The city of [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] is the headquarters of the district, and is located 530&nbsp;km northwest of [[Bangalore]]. Bijapur is well known for the great monuments of historical importance built during the [[Adil Shahi]] dynasty.

While archaeological evidence indicates that the area was settled by the late Paleolithic,<ref>{{Cite book|author=Paddayya, Katragadda|year=1971|chapter=Explorations in Districts Bijapur and Gulbarga, and explorations in District Mahbubnagar|title=Indian Archaeology: A Review 1968–69|pages=2, 21|location=New Delhi|publisher=Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs}}</ref> the legendary founding of the city of Bijapur was in the late 900s under [[Tailapa II]], who had been the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta]] governor of Tardavadi,<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kamath, Suryanath U.|year=1980|title=Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present|location=Bangalore|publisher=Archana Prakashana|page=106|oclc=7796041}} (revised English version of his (1973) ''Karnatakada sankshipta itihasa'')</ref> and after the destruction to the empire caused by the invasion of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] of [[Malwa]], declared his independence and went on to found the empire of the [[Western Chalukya Empire|Chalukyas]] of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]],<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sen, S. N.|year=1999|title=Ancient Indian History And Civilization|location=New Delhi|publisher=New Age International|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA375 375–376]|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0}}</ref> where the city was referred as ''Vijayapura'' ("City of Victory").<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cousens, Henry|year=1976|title=Bījāpūr and Its Architectural Remains: With an Historical Outline of the ʻĀdil Shāhi Dynasty|location=Pilkhana, Calcutta, India|publisher=Bhartiya Publishing House|page=4|isbn=9781400868155|oclc=300187307}}</ref><ref>''Vijayapura'' ("City of Victory") is also the name given by [[Thihathu]] to his new city of Pinya which he made the capital of Upper Burma in 1312.</ref> By the late 13th century, the area had come under the influence of the [[Khalji dynasty|Khalji]] [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate]]. In 1347, the area was conquered by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] of [[Gulbarga]]. By this time the city was being referred as Vijapur or Bijapur.

Bijapur District is divided into five [[taluka]]s and 199 [[panchayat village]]s.<ref name="Panchayat-Dir-2011">{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Bijapur, Karnataka |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=530&pno=1&ptype=V&parenttype=D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214232217/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=530&pno=1&ptype=V&parenttype=D |archive-date=2013-02-14 February 2013 }}</ref>

The soils of Bijapur District can be categorizedcategorised as a low to moderately yielding area (1000 to 8000&nbsp;L/h) 72.2% of district falling in this category. From considerable part of the district (9%) poor yielding (less than 1000&nbsp;L/h sources) or non–feasible areas have been reported. The talukas having largest poor yielding area, are Muddebihal (19%) followed by Indi (15%), Bijapur and sindagi (13% each), Basavan Bagewadi (4%). Low yielding areas (1000 to 4000&nbsp;L/h source) in the district constitute about 40% of the district, with the largest being Basavan Bagewadi (54%) and smallest in Indi taluka Moderate yields (4000 to 8000&nbsp;L/h source) are reported from 36% of the district, highest being in Bijapur with 70% of the area, and lowest being in Sindagi with 19% of the taluka. High yielding areas (more than 8000&nbsp;L/h sources) over 15% of the district. The smallest area under this category are in Sindagi Taluka (2% each) and largest is in Muddebihal (29% each) where very lengthy contact zones occur between traps and other formations

|title = Religion in Bijapur district (2011)<ref name="Religionreligion">{{citeCite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-101 Population Byby ReligiousReligion: CommunityKarnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011censusnada/C-01index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=25 April 2022]]}}</ref>

{{bar percent|Other[[Jainism orin not statedKarnataka|Jainism]]|blackbrown|0.9640}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bijapur district, Karnataka has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,177,331,<ref name=districtcensus>{{citeCite web |date=2011 url |title=District httpCensus Handbook: Bijapur |url=https://wwwcensusindia.census2011.cogov.in/districtnada/index.php/catalog/594/download/2024/DH_2011_2903_PART_A_DCHB_BIJAPUR.pdf | title website= District Census 2011censusindia.gov.in | access-date publisher=[[Registrar 2011-09-30General |and yearCensus =Commissioner 2011of | publisher = Census2011.co.inIndia]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011-10-01 | quote = Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 September 2011 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=1 January 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 210th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 207 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.38%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bijapur has a [[sex ratio]] of 954 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 67.2%. 23.05% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 20.34% and 1.81% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

|caption = Languages of Bijapur district (2011)<ref name="languagelanguages"/>

|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 5.13 |color3 = darkgoldenrodkhaki

At the time of the 2011 census, 74.96% of the population spoke [[Kannada]], 15.57% [[Urdu]], 5.13% [[Lambadi]] and 2.47% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as their first language.<ref name="languagelanguages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]]www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>

Bijapur is rich in historical attractions. For the many attractions in Bijapur city, including [[Gol Gumbaz]], the Jumma Masjid mosque, the Uppali Buruj tower and the tomb of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] ([[Ibrahim Rauza]]), see [[Bijapur, Karnataka#Attractions and tourism|Attractions of Bijapur city]].

* Parshwanath Basadi: About three kilometres from the city near the ''dargah'' is a ''basadi'' of Parshwanath. The black stone idol is about one meter high and of beautiful workmanship. A serpent with 1,008 small hoods spread over the deity as umbrella is delicately carved. Some years back while digging a mound, the figure is stated to have been unearthed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Nitin H. |date=7 June 2021 |title=Babanagar - Parshwanath Digambar Jain Temple |url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/karnataka/babanagar/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=Jain Heritage Centres |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Golageri]] - 78&nbsp;km from the city, contains the Gollaleshwar Dev temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri.Gollaleshwar Temple Trustee |url=http://www.golagerishrigollaleshwar.org/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |language=english}}</ref>

* Toravi - In the western direction of the district town of VijayapuraBijapur at about 8&nbsp;km one can locate Toravi Village in which historical Laxmi-Narasimha Cave Temple, Village Goddess Mahalaxmi Temple and Navarasapura Sangeet Mahal which are important tourist destinations that attracts the tourists.

* Basavana Bagewadi&nbsp;– 43&nbsp;km from the city, is the birthplace of [[Basava]], a point of pilgrimage for people of the [[Lingayatism|Lingayat faith]]. Their Sri Sangameshwar Temple is nearby in Bagalkot District.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Incredible India {{!}} Basavana Bagewadi |url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/vijapura-bijapur/basavana-bagewadi.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=www.incredibleindia.org}}</ref>

Two of these trees, commonly known as the baobab trees, have been listed and identified in Bijapur. One is near the [[Ibrahim Rauza|Ibrahim Roza]] monument in Bijapur with a girth of 10.84&nbsp;m and height of 5&nbsp;m and another at Yogapur Dargah, near Bijapur, which is believed to be at least 359 years old with 9.2&nbsp;m girth and seven&nbsp;m height. Both these trees were planted during the reign of Adil Shahis. Experts say that the kings of Adil Shahi dynasty were all fascinated by nature, and these particular saplings of the ''Adansonia digitata'' had been imported from Turkey to be planted in Bijapur. The kings were very particular about the nurturing of these plants and took care of their needs like their own children.

Bijapur has a broad gauge station of [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railways]] about two kilometres from the city centre of Bijapur,<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.southwesternrailway.in &nbsp;Complete Info SWR] {{webarchive/|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206110039/http://www.southwesternrailway.in/ |dateurl-status=dead|title=southwesternrailway.in|archivedate=6 December 2010 |website=www.southwesternrailway.in}}</ref> with direct train connections to Bengaluru, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Hubli, Solapur and Shirdi.

The state owned North West Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation |url=http://ksrtc.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218201816/http://ksrtc.in/ |archive-date=18 December 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> runs buses to all parts of the district. Local buses run within Bijapur city limits as well as villages within a 15&nbsp;km radius. The frequency of these buses are higher in comparison to those buses which ply on longer routes. Private tour operators also run luxury bus services from the Bijapur city to [[Bengaluru]], [[Hubli]], [[Dharwad]] and [[Belgaum]]. Within the city [[Tata Sumo]], [[Tata Indica]] and Tempo Trax<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.forcemotors.com/html/productdetails.aspx?id=67&root=1 Tempo Trax] {{webarchive |urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715103549/http://www.forcemotors.com/html/productdetails.aspx?id=67&root=1|url-status=dead|title=Tempo Trax|datearchivedate=15 July 2006 }}</ref> are used as taxis by local operators. Autos and [[Tonga (carriage)|Tongas]] are still popular mode of local transport in the city. Cycle Rickshaws are used only to transport materials and people hardly ever travel by them.

Every year the district administration organizesorganises the Dasara Sports Meet during the [[Navrati|Dasara]] festival to identify and nurture the talent of the future.

Navaraspur was the auditorium of the Adil Shahs, it is about 10&nbsp;km outside the city limits. The ruins of the site are still visible. Every year the local administration organizesorganises the Navaraspur Festival to attract tourists. Great personalities like [[Bhimsen Joshi]], [[Ustad Alla Rakha]], [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], Mallikarjun Mansur, [[Gangubai Hangal]] and many more have performed in this festival.

* '''Shri Shiddeshwar Temple''' situated at the heart of the city is a holy place for Hindus which is also a very beautiful tourist place to visit. During [[Makar Sankranti]] an annual fare is organizedorganised by Shri Siddheshwar Temple. This fair is well known for the cattle market which is organizedorganised outside the city limits. Farmers from neighboringneighbouring villages and even some parts of Maharashtra come to trade in cattle. During this period fireworks display will be held.

[[Karnataka State Women's University]], established in 2003 in the city of Bijapur is the only Women's University in Karnataka dedicated exclusively for women's education. It is recognizedrecognised under 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC Act. Seventy women's colleges spread in twelve districts of North-Karnataka are affiliated to this University. The University offers various UG programmes leading to bachelor's degree in Arts, Business Administration, Computer Applications, Commerce, Education, Fashion Technology, Home Science, Physical Education, Science and Social

* [[Basava]] -– philosopher and a social reformer (Bornborn in Ingaleshwar[[Basavana Bagewadi]])

* [[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]] -– ರನ್ನ -– one of the earliest poets of Kannada language

* [[Raghuvarya Tirtha]] -– 16th century [[Hindu]] philosopher and saint; 13th peetadhipathi of [[Uttaradi Math]] of [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita order of Vedanta]]

* [[Raghuttama Tirtha]] -– 16th century [[Hindu]] philosopher and saint; 14th peetadhipathi of [[Uttaradi Math]] of [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita order of Vedanta]]

* [[Sunil Kumar Desai]]&nbsp; – One of the finest filmmaker of Kannada film industry

* [[M. M. Joshi (ophthalmologist)|M. M. Joshi]] - Ophthalmologistophthalmologist and [[Padma Shri]] recipient

* [[Shivanand Hiremath]] - founder of Swarnanjali, a cultural organizationorganisation located in Central Ohio(USA)