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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Third Anglo-Maratha War<ref>{{cite web|title=Maratha Wars|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Maratha-Wars|website=Britannica Encyclopædia}}</ref>
| partof = the [[Anglo-Maratha Wars (disambiguation)|Anglo-Maratha Wars]]
| image = Indian Camp Scene.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Indian camp scene
| date = 5 November 1817 – 9 April 1819
| place = The modern state of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas
| result = British victory
*Formal end of the Peshwa rule.
*Shinde, Holkar and Bhonsale subjected to British suzerainty.
*[[Chhatrapati]] (Maratha kingemperor) retained under British suzerainty.
*British East India Company takes control over all Maratha territories.
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]]<br>
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Baji Rao IIPeshwa|Peshwa's forcesRule]]<br>
*[[File:Indore Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[HolkarIndore State]]<br>
*[[File:FlagNagpur ofState the Maratha EmpireFlag.svgpng|23px]] [[BhonsleNagpur State]]<br>
*[[File:Flag of theGwalior Maratha Empire(State).svg|23px]] [[DaulatGwalior Scindia|ScindiaState]]<br>
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Pindari|VariousPindari PindarisIrregulars]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Empire]]<br> [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[East India Company]]<br> [[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|23px]] [[Hyderabad State]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Bapu Gokhale]] (General of Baji Rao II)]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Bapu Gokhale]] (General of Baji Rao II]])<br>[[File:Indore Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Hari Rao Holkar]]<br>[[File:Indore Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Malhar Rao Holkar III]]<br>[[File:FlagNagpur ofState the Maratha EmpireFlag.svgpng|23px]] [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Trimbakji Dengle-Patil<br>[[File:Flag of Gwalior (State).svg|23px]] [[Daulat Rao Scindhia]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings]]<br>[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[John Malcolm]]<br>[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|Thomas Hislop]]<br>[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|23px]] [[Asaf Jah III]]
| strength1 = <!--Over 100,000 -->
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{{Campaignbox Third Anglo-Maratha War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Maratha Wars}}
The '''Third Anglo-Maratha War''' (1817–1819) was the final and decisive conflict between the [[EnglishBritish East India Company]] and the [[Maratha Empire]] in [[India]]. The war left the Company in control of most of India. It began with an invasion of Maratha territory by British East India Company troops,{{sfn|Bakshi|Ralhan|2007|p=261}} and although the British were outnumbered, the Maratha army was decimated. The troops were led by [[Governor-General of India|Governor General]] [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Hastings]], supported by a force under [[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|General Thomas Hislop]]. Operations began against the [[Pindaris]], a band of Muslim mercenaries and Marathas from central India.{{refn|"Thus, many Pindaris were originally Muslim or Maratha cavalrymen who were disbanded or found Pindari life better than formal military service... Most Pindaris professed to be Muslims, but some could not even repeat the ''kalima'' or Muslim creed nor knew the name of the prophet."{{sfn|McEldowney|1966|p=18}}|group=note}}
 
[[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao II]]'s forces, supported by those of [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle]] of [[Nagpur]] and [[House of Holkar|Malharrao Holkar III]] of [[Indore]], rose against the East India Company. Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, [[Daulat Scindia|Daulatrao Shinde]] of [[Gwalior]], to remain neutral even though he lost control of [[Rajasthan]].
 
British victories were swift, resulting in the breakup of the Maratha Empire and the loss of Maratha independence. Several minor battles were fought by the Peshwa's forces to prevent his capture.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|pp=79–86}}
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==The Marathas and the British==
[[File:Joppen1907India1805a-21.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of India after the Second Anglo-Maratha War, 1805]]
The Maratha Empire was founded in 1674 by Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] Maharaj the [[Bhosle]] dynasty.{{sfn|Subburaj|2000|p=13}} Shivaji Maharaj led resistance efforts to free the [[Hindus]] from the Mughals and Muslim [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] and established rule of the [[Hindus]]. This kingdom was known as the [[Hindavi Swarajya]] ("Hindu self-rule") in the [[Marathi language]]. Shivaji Maharaj's capital was located at [[Raigad fort|Raigad]]. Shivaji Maharaj successfully defended his empire from attacks by the [[Mughal Empire]] and his [[Maratha Empire]] went on to defeat and overtake it as the premier power in India within few decades. A key component of the Maratha administration was the council of eight ministers, called the ''[[Ashta Pradhan]]'' (council of eight). The senior-most member of the Ashta Pradhan was called the ''Peshwa'' or the ''Pant Pradhan'' (prime minister). {{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
 
===Growing British power===
While the Marathas were fighting the Mughals in the early 18th century, the British held small trading posts in [[MumbaiBombay]], [[Madras]] and [[Calcutta]]. The British fortified the naval post of Mumbai after they saw the Marathas defeat the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] at neighbouring [[Vasai]] in May 1739. In an effort to keep the Marathas out of Mumbai, the British sent envoys to negotiate a treaty. The envoys were successful, and a treaty was signed on 12 July 1739 that gave the [[British East India Company]] rights to free trade in Maratha territory.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=1}} In the south, the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] had enlisted the support of the French for his war against the Marathas.{{refn|Meaning "Administrator of the Realm", the title of Nizam was specific to the native sovereigns of [[Hyderabad State]], India, since 1719.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}}|group=note}} In reaction to this, the Peshwa requested support from the British, but was refused. Unable to see the rising power of the British, the Peshwa set a precedent by seeking their help to solve internal Maratha conflicts.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}} Despite the lack of support, the Marathas managed to defeat the Nizam over a period of five years.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}}{{failed verification|date=March 2021|reason=the source provided does not prove ethe statement made}}
 
During the period 1750–1761, British defeated the French East India Company in India, and by 1793 they were firmly established in [[Bengal]] in the east and [[Madras]] in the south. They were unable to expand to the west as the Marathas were dominant there, but they entered [[Surat]] on the west coast via the sea.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=3}}
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The Maratha gains in the north were undone because of the contradictory policies of Holkar and Shinde and the internal disputes in the family of the Peshwa, which culminated in the murder of [[Narayanrao Peshwa]] in 1773.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=9}} [[Raghunathrao]] was ousted from the seat of Peshwa due to continuing internal Maratha rivalries. He sought help from the British, and they signed the [[Treaty of Surat]] with him in March 1775.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=10}} This treaty gave him military assistance in exchange for control of [[Salsette Island]] and [[Bassein Fort]].{{sfn|Sen|1994|pp=10–11}}
 
The treaty set off discussions amongst the British in India as well as in Europe because of the serious implications of a confrontation with the powerful Marathas. Another cause for concern was that the Bombay Council had exceeded its constitutional authority by signing such a treaty.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=11}} The treaty was the cause of the start of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].{{refn|This treaty, as Grant Duff says, occasioned infinite discussions amongst the British in India and in Europe, and started the First Maratha War.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=11}}|group=note}} This war was virtuallya Maratha victory and almost a stalemate, with no side strong being able to completely defeat the other.{{sfn|Schmidt|1995|p=64}} The war concluded with the treaty of Salabai in May 1782, mediated by [[Mahadji Shinde]]. The foresight of [[Warren Hastings]] was the main reason for the success of the British in the war. He had destroyed the anti-British coalition and created a division between the Shinde, the Bhonsle, and the Peshwa.{{refn|With justifiable pride Hastings wrote to one of his friends on 7 February 1783: "Indeed, my dear Sir, there have been three or four very critical periods in our affairs in which the existence of the Company and of the British dominion in India lay at my mercy and would have been lost had I coldly attended to the beaten path of duty and avoided personal responsibility. In the redress afforded to the Nizam I drew him to our interests from the most inveterate enmity. In my negotiations with Modajee Boosla ''(sic)'' I preserved these provinces from ravage and obtained evidence of his connections even beyond his own intentions; and I effected a peace and alliance with Madajee Sindhia ''(sic)'' which was in effect a peace with the Maratha State."{{sfn|Sen|1994|pp=12–13}}|group=note}}
 
The Marathas were still in a very strong position when the new Governor General of British controlled territories [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Cornwallis]] arrived in India in 1786.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=17}} After the treaty of Salabai, the British followed a policy of coexistence in the north. The British and the Marathas enjoyed more than two decades of peace, thanks to the diplomacy of [[Nana Phadnavis]], a minister in the court of the 11-year-old [[Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao]]. The situation changed soon after Nana's death in 1800. The power struggle between Holkar and Shinde caused Holkar to attack the Peshwa in [[Pune]] in 1801, since the Peshwa sided with Shinde. The Peshwa [[Baji Rao II]] fled Pune to safety on a British warship. Baji Rao feared loss of his own powers and signed the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|treaty of Bassein]]. This made the Peshwa in effect a subsidiary ally of the British.
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=== Maratha-Hyderabad Relations ===
In 1762, [[Raghunathrao]] allied with the Nizam due to mutual distrust and differences with [[Madhavrao Peshwa]]. The Nizam marched towards [[Poona]], but little did he know that Rughunathrao was going to betray him. In 1763, [[Madhavrao I]] along with Raghunathrao defeated the Nizam at the [[Battle of Rakshasbhuvan]] and signed a treaty with the [[Marathas]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1795, he was defeated by [[Madhavrao II]]'s [[Maratha]]s at the [[Battle of Kharda]] and was forced to cede [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] and [[Sholapur]] and pay an indemnity of Rs. 30 million. A [[France|French]] general, [[Michel Joachim Marie Raymond|Monsieur Raymond]], served as his military leader, strategist and advisor.
 
The [[Battle of Kharda]] took place in 1795 between Tipu Sultan andthe [[Nizam]] and the [[Maratha Confederacy]], in which the Nizam was badly defeated. Governor General [[John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth|John Shore]] followed the policy of non-intervention despite thatthe Nizam wasbeing under his protection. So thiswhich led to the loss of trust withof the British. This was the last battle fought together by all the Maratha chiefs under leadership of BakshibahaddarBakshibahadur Jivabadada Kerkar. The Maratha forces consisted of cavalry, including gunners, bowmen, artillery and infantry. After several skirmishes, the Nizams infantry under Raymond launched an attack on the Marathas but Scindia forces under Jivabadada Kerkar defeated them and launched a counterattack which proved to be decisive. The rest of the Hyderabad army fled to the fort of Kharda. The Nizam started negotiations and they were concluded in April 1795.
 
===The British East India Company===
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The British believed that a new permanent approach was needed to establish and maintain continuous contact with the Peshwa's court in [[Pune]]. The British appointed [[Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet|Charles Malet]], a senior merchant from Bombay, to be a permanent [[Resident (title)|Resident]] at Pune because of his knowledge of the languages and customs of the region.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=20}}
 
==War preparations==
==Prelude==
The Maratha Empire had partly declined due to the Second Anglo-Maratha War.{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=39}} Efforts to modernize the armies were half-hearted and undisciplined: newer techniques were not absorbed by the soldiers, while the older methods and experience were outdated and obsolete.{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=39}} The Maratha Empire lacked an efficient spy system, and had weak diplomacy compared to the British. Maratha artillery was outdated, and weapons were imported. Foreign officers were responsible for the handling of the imported guns; the Marathas never used their own men in considerable numbers for the purpose. Although Maratha infantry was praised by the likes of Wellington, they were poorly led by their generals and heavily relied on Arab and Pindari mercenaries. The confederate-like structure that evolved within the empire created a lack of unity needed for the wars.{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=39}}
 
[[File:Mountstuart-Elphinstone.jpg|left|thumb|Mountstuart Elphinstone]]
At the time of the war, the power of the British East India Company was on the rise, whereas the Maratha Empire was on the decline. The British had been victorious in the previous Anglo-Maratha war and the Marathas were at their mercy. The Peshwa of the Maratha Empire at this time was [[Baji Rao II]]. Several Maratha leaders who had formerly sided with the Peshwa were now under British control or protection. The British had an arrangement with the [[Gaekwad]] dynasty of the Maratha province of [[Baroda State|Baroda]] to prevent the Peshwa from collecting revenue in that province. Gaekwad sent an envoy to the Peshwa in Pune to negotiate a dispute regarding revenue collection. The envoy, Gangadhar Shastri, was under British protection. He was murdered, and the Peshwa's minister [[Trimbak Dengle]] was suspected of the crime.
 
The British seized the opportunity to force Baji Rao into a treaty.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|pp=79–80}} The treaty (The [[Treaty of Poona|Treaty of Pune]]) was signed on 13 June 1817. Key terms imposed on the Peshwa included the admission of Dengle's guilt, renouncing claims on Gaekwad, and surrender of significant swaths of territory to the British. These included his most important strongholds in the Deccan, the seaboard of Konkan, and all places north of the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] and south of the [[Tungabhadra]] rivers. The Peshwa was also not to communicate with any other powers in India.{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=17}} The British Resident [[Mountstuart Elphinstone]] also asked the Peshwa to disband his cavalry.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|pp=79–80}}
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==Major events of the war==
===Conflict in Pune and the pursuit of Baji Rao II===
[[File:Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-92) - Francis Rawdon-Hastings (1754-1826), Second Earl of Moira and First Marquess of Hastings - RCIN 407508 - Royal Collection.jpg|thumb|[[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Marquess of Hastings]]. ''[[Portrait of Lord Moira]]'' by [[Joshua Reynolds]], 1790]]
The war began as a campaign against the [[Pindaris]],{{sfn|Sarkar|Pati|2000|p=48}} but the first battle occurred at [[Pune]] where the Peshwa, [[Baji Rao II]], attacked the under-strength British cantonment on 5 November 1817. The Maratha forces comprised 20,000 cavalry, 8,000 infantry, and 20 artillery guns{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=80}} whereas the British had 2,000 cavalry, 1,000 infantry, and eight artillery units.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=81}} What followed was the [[Battle of Khadki]] where the Maratha were initially successful in creating and exploiting a gap in the British lines, but were soon nullified by the advance of the British infantry, which firing volley after volley, caused the Maratha to retreat in a matter of four hours. The British soon claimed victory with the loss of 86 men compared to the 500 Maratha killed.{{sfn|Murray|1901|p=324}}{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=19}}
 
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The Pindaris, who were mostly cavalry armed with spears, came to be known as the ''Shindeshahi'' and the ''Holkarshahi'' after the patronage they received from the respective Maratha leaders.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|pp=86–87}} The major Pindari leaders were Chitu, Karim Khan, and Wasil Mohammad and their total strength was estimated at 33,000.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=86}} The Pindaris frequently raided villages in Central India and it was thought that this region was being rapidly reduced to the condition of a desert because the peasants were unable to support themselves on the land.{{sfn|Russell|1916|p=396}} In 1815, 25,000 Pindaris entered the [[Madras Presidency]] and destroyed over 300 villages on the [[Coromandel coast]]. Other Pindari raids on British territory followed in 1816 and 1817 and therefore [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings]] wanted the Pindaris extinguished.{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|p=194}}
 
In opposition to what the British forces expected as they entered the region in late 1817, they found that the Pindaris had not devastated the area. In fact the British found a super-abundance of food and forage, especially grain, which added immensely to the security of their supplies.<ref name="mapw" /> The Pindaris were attacked, and their homes were surrounded and destroyed. General Hislop from the Madras Residency attacked the Pindaris from the south and drove them beyond the Narmada river, where governor-general Francis Rawdon-Hastings was waiting with his army.{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|pp=195–196}} With the principal routes from Central India being occupied by British detachments, the Pindari forces were completely broken up, scattered in the course of a single campaign. Being armed only with spears, they made no stand against the regular troops, and even in small bands they were unable to escape the ring of forces drawn around them.{{factcitation needed|date=March 2022}}
 
The Pindari forces proved unable to counter the British and the Pindari chiefs were soon reduced to the condition of hunted outlaws. Karim and Chitu had still 23,000 soldiers between them but such a force was no match for the armies that surrounded them. In whatever direction they turned they were met by British forces; defeat followed defeat. Many fled to the jungles, while others sought refuge in the villages, but were killed without mercy by local villagers who had not forgotten the sufferings they had been inflicted upon them by the Pindaris.{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|pp=195–196}} All the leaders had surrendered before the end of February 1818 and the Pindari system and power was brought to a close. They were removed to Gorakhptir where they obtained grants of land for their subsistence. Karim Khan became a farmer on the small estate he received beyond the Ganges in Gorakpur. Wasil Mohammed attempted to escape, and after he was found Mohammed committed suicide by imbibing poison.{{sfn|Keightley|1847|p=165}} Chitu, another Pindari warrior,{{sfn|Travers|1919|p=19}} was hunted by John Malcolm from place to place until he had no followers left. He vanished into the jungles of Central India in 1819{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|p=196}} and was killed by a tiger.{{sfn|Hunter|1909|p=495}}{{refn|Chithu is referred to as Setu in Marathi.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=86}} "So the famous Chithu, the Pindari chieftain, who, wandering alone in the jungle on the banks of the Tapti River after the defeat and dispersal of his robber horde in 1818, fell a victim to a man-eating tiger, his remains being identified by the discovery of his head and a satchel containing his papers in the tiger's lair."{{sfn|Burton|1936|pp=246–247}} |group=note}}
 
===Events in Nagpur===
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===Events in Holkar===
[[File:Joppen1907India1823a.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of India after the Third Anglo-Maratha War, 1819]]
 
[[File:Battle of Mehidpoor 2nd position, 21 Dec 1817.jpg|thumb|Battle of Mehidpoor 2nd position, 21 Dec 1817]]
 
The Court of Holkar, based at [[Indore]], was at this time practically nonexistent. The dynasty was headed by 11-year-old [[Malhar Rao Holkar III]] under the regency of his dead father's mistress [[Tulsi Bai Holkar]]. Tulsi Bai was executed by her own troops in December 1817 for allying with the British; soon after, the British advanced into Holkar's territory, encountering his army about 40&nbsp;km north of Indore at the [[Battle of Mahidpur]].{{sfn|Kibe|1904|pp=351–352}}{{sfn|Bakshi|Ralhan|2007|p=315}}<ref name="mapw" />
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==Operations against remaining Maratha forces==
 
By mid 1818, all of the Maratha leaders had surrendered to the British. Shinde and the Afghan Amir Khan were subdued by the use of diplomacy and pressure, which resulted in the [[Gwalior State|Treaty of GwailorGwalior]]{{sfn|Prakash|2002|p=300}} on 5 November 1817. Under this treaty, Shinde surrendered Rajasthan to the British and agreed to help them fight the Pindaris. Amir Khan agreed to sell his guns to the British and received a land grant at Tonk in Rajputana.{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|pp=194–195}} Holkar was defeated on 21 December 1817 and signed the Treaty of Mandeswar{{sfn|Sinclair|1884|pp=195–196}} on 6 January 1818. Under this treaty the Holkar state became subsidiary to the British. The young Malhar Rao was raised to the throne.{{sfn|Dutt|1908|p=173}}{{sfn|Lethbridge|1879|p=193}} Bhonsle was defeated on 26 November 1817 and was captured but he escaped to live out his life in [[Jodhpur]].{{sfn|Dutt|1908|p=173}}{{sfn|Lethbridge|1879|p=192}} The Peshwa surrendered on 3 June 1818 and was sent off to Bithur near Kanpur under the terms of the treaty signed on 3 June 1818.{{sfn|Dutt|1908|p=174}} Of the Pindari leaders, Karim Khan surrendered to Malcolm in February 1818; Wasim Mohammad surrendered to Shinde and eventually poisoned himself; and Setu was killed by a tiger.{{sfn|Lethbridge|1879|p=193}}{{sfn|Russell|1916|p=396}}{{sfn|Dutt|1908|p=172}}
 
[[File:Asirgarh Fort1.jpg|thumb|Asirgarh Fort]]
 
During the last stages of the conflict, from 1818 to 1819, British military operations switch to capturing Maratha-held forts which were still holding out under the command of their [[Kiladar|qiladars]]. On February 27, 1818, British forces under the command of [[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Hislop]] approached [[Thalner|Thalner Fort]], assuming it was friendly; the fort's qilidar, Tulsiram Mama, ordered his troops to fire on the British, outraging Hislop who laid siege to the fort. After ordering several bombardments against the fort walls, he personally led a storming party which captured the fort and overwhelmed its garrison (which was composed mostly of Arab soldiers). Mama was tried and executed for [[perfidy]], and was hung on a nearby tree.<ref> Deshpande, Arvind M., ''John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule'' (1987), Mittal Publications, {{isbn|978-0836422504}}, pg. 31 </ref> Other forts in the region, such as [[Naralla Fort]] and [[Malegaon fort|Malegaon Fort]] were gradually captured and occupied by the British. At Malegaon Fort, the British encountered unexpectedly strong resistance from the fort garrison, which led them to bring in a 2,600-strong reinforcement force consisting of a mixture of infantry and artillery, after which a storming party captured the fort.<ref name="mapw" />
 
In early 1819, almost all of the forts had been taken, with the lone holdout being [[Asirgarh Fort]], which was under the command of qiladar Jeswant Rao Lar. In March of that year, a massive British contingent lay siege to Asirgarh, capturing and occupying the town next to the fort to serve as a temporary base of operations. The 1,200-strong garrison was subject to constant artillery bombardments before the British launched an assault, which led to the fort's capture on 9 April. With the capture of Asirgarh Fort, the British victory was complete and all military operations ceased.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cannon |first1=Richard |title=Historical Record of the 67th Foot |date=1849 |publisher=Parker, Furnivall & Parker |location=London |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/57663/57663-h/57663-h.htm#Page_14}}</ref><ref name="mapw" />
 
==Aftermath==
==End of the war and its effects==
[[File:Nassak Diamond copy3.JPG|250px|thumb|The [[Nassak Diamond]] was seized from the Peshwa by the British and sent to London]]
 
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==See also==
{{Commons Categorycategory|Third Anglo-Maratha War}}
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[First Anglo-Maratha War]]
* [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]
 
 
==Notes==
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* {{Citation|title=The Tiger Hunters|first=Reginald George|last=Burton|publisher=Hutchinson|year=1936|location=London|oclc=6338833}}
* {{Citation|title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India|volume=1: 1707–1803|first=G.S.|last=Chhabra|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2005|isbn=81-89093-06-1|location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&q=9788189093068}}
* {{Citation|title=A History of the Mahrattas|first=James Grant|last=Duff|volume=2|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|location=London|oclc=61585379|year=1921|editor=[[Stephen Meredyth Edwardes]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_Pc4ZQMoy0C&q=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&pg=PA1}}
* {{Citation|title=A Brief History of Ancient and Modern India According to the Syllabus Prescribed by the Calcutta University|first=Romesh Chunder|last=Dutt|publisher=S.K. Lahiri & Company|year=1908|location=Calcutta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3wqAAAAYAAJ}}
* Finn, Margot C. "Material turns in British history: I. Loot." ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'' 28 (2018): 5-32. [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10051412/1/LootfinalacceptedversionfordepositFinn20181%20Finn.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120112447/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10051412/1/LootfinalacceptedversionfordepositFinn20181%20Finn.pdf |date=2021-01-20 }}
* {{Citation|title= District Gazetteers: Indore Gazetteer of India|volume=17 of Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers, Madhya Pradesh (India)|author=Government of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Government Central Press|year=1827|location=Bhopal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqE8AAAAIAAJ}}
* {{Citation|title=Land Acquisition Act|last=Government of Maharashtra|year=1961|location=Bombay|url=http://maharashtra.gov.in/data/gr/english/1961/01/24/20061116122835001.pdf}}
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* {{cite book|last=Naravane|first=M. S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&pg=PA79|year=2006|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3}}
* {{Citation|title=Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement|first=Om|last=Prakash|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=2002|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-261-0938-8}}
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* {{Citation|title=Shivaji and His Times|publisher=MC Sarkar & Sons|location=Calcutta|year=1919|oclc=459363111|pages=482–85|first=Sir Jadunath|last=Sarkar}}
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[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha EmpireConfederacy|Anglo-Maratha War 3]]
[[Category:Wars involving the United Kingdom|Anglo-Maratha War 3]]
[[Category:1817 in India]]
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