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* {{native name|mkw|Repubilika ya Kôngo|fontsize=100%}}
}}
| common_name =
| image_flag = Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg
| flag_type = [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Flag]]
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| official_languages = [[French language|French]]<ref name=Digitheque >{{cite web |url=https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/cg2015.htm |language=fr |title=Constitution de 2015 |work=Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques, Jean-Pierre Maury, Université de Perpignan |access-date=2 January 2021 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313042001/http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/cg2015.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
| national_languages = {{hlist|[[Kituba_language|Kituba]]|[[Lingala]]}}
| demonym = {{plainlist|
* [[Demographics of the Republic of the Congo|Congolese]]
* [[Demographics of the Republic of the Congo|Congo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-republic-of-the/ |title=Republic of the Congo - The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref>
}}
| ethnic_groups =
| capital = [[Brazzaville]]
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| area_rank = 64th <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| percent_water = 3.3
| population_estimate = 6,228,784<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo Population (2024) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/congo-population/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref>
| population_census = 6,142,180<ref>{{Cite web |
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| population_estimate_rank = 116th
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| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI = 0.593 <!--number only-->
| HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |website=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |pages=
| HDI_rank = 149th
| sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
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}}
The region was dominated by [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the [[Congo River]] basin. Congo was formerly part of the [[French colonial empire|French colony]] of [[French Equatorial Africa|Equatorial Africa]].<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-republic-of-the/ |title=Congo, Republic of the |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |access-date=30 May 2007 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109222956/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-republic-of-the |url-status=live }}</ref> The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960. It was a [[Marxist–Leninist state]] from 1969 to 1992, under the name [[People's Republic of the Congo]] (PRC). The country has had multi-party elections since 1992, but a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 [[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99)|Republic of the Congo Civil War]]. President [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]], who first came to power in 1979, ruled until 1992 and then again since after his reinstatement.
The Republic of the Congo is a member of the [[African Union]], the [[United Nations]], [[La Francophonie]], the [[Economic Community of Central African States]], and the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. It has become the 4th-largest [[oil producer]] in the [[Gulf of Guinea]], providing the country with a degree of prosperity, with political and economic instability in some areas, and unequal distribution of oil revenue nationwide. [[Economy of the Republic of the Congo|Its economy]] is dependent on the oil sector.<ref name="2018_nzaou_kongo">{{cite book|last1=Nzaou-Kongo|first1=Aubin|title=Exploitation des hydrocarbures et protection de l'environnement en République du Congo : essai sur la complexité de leurs rapports à la lumière du droit international.|date=2018|url=https://www.idref.fr/229819249|access-date=15 January 2021|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509074904/https://www.idref.fr/229819249|url-status=live}}</ref> and economic growth has slowed since [[2010s oil glut|the post-2015 drop in oil prices]]. [[Christianity]] is the most widely professed faith in the country.
According to World Happiness Report 2024, Congo (Brazzaville) is ranked 89th among 140 nations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-20 |title=World Happiness Report 2024: Most comprehensive picture yet of happiness across generations |url=https://worldhappiness.report/news/world-happiness-report-2024-most-comprehensive-picture-yet-of-happiness-across-generations/#:~:text=Afghanistan%20remains%20bottom%20of%20the,widely%20from%20the%20overall%20rankings. |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=worldhappiness.report |language=en}}</ref>
==Etymology==
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It is named after the [[Congo River]] whose name is derived from [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]], a [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] kingdom which occupied its mouth around the time the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] first arrived in 1483<ref>Gates, Louis & Appiah, Anthony. ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', p. 1105. 1999.</ref> or 1484.<ref>Olson, James S. & Shadle, Robert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA225 Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502165932/https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA225 |date=2 May 2016 }}'', p. 225. Greenwood Publishing Grp., 1991. {{ISBN|0-313-26257-8}}.</ref> The kingdom's name derived from its people, the [[Bakongo]], an [[Endonym and exonym|endonym]] said to mean "hunters" ({{lang-kg|mukongo}}, ''nkongo'').<ref>Bentley, Wm. Holman. ''Pioneering on the Congo''. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1900.{{Verify source|date=October 2011}}</ref>
During the period when
==History==
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{{See also|Loango slavery harbour}}
[[Bantu peoples|Bantu-speaking peoples]] who founded tribes during the [[Bantu expansion|Bantu expansions]], mostly displaced and absorbed the earlier inhabitants of the region, the [[African Pygmies|Pygmy]] people, about 1500{{nbsp}}BC. The [[Bakongo]], a Bantu ethnic group that occupied parts of what later
The [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] [[explorer]], [[Diogo Cão]] reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484.<ref name="DicImp"/> Commercial relationships grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded in commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured and enslaved in the [[hinterland|hinterlands]]. After centuries as a central hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo
[[File:Court of Loango.png|thumb|The court of [[N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi]], from the book ''Description of Africa'' (1668)]]
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The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of [[Pierre de Brazza]]'s treaty with King Makoko<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2752833.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Africa – The man who would be Congo's king|date=12 February 2003|access-date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129212544/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2752833.stm|archive-date=29 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> of the [[Bateke]].<ref name="DicImp">Olson, James S. & Shadle, Robert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA225 Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502165932/https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA225 |date=2 May 2016 }}'', p. 225. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991. {{ISBN|0-313-26257-8}}. Accessed 9 October 2011.</ref> After the death of Makoko, his widow Queen [[Ngalifourou]] upheld the terms of the treaty and became an ally to the colonizers.<ref>{{Citation|last=jeremy|first=rich|editor1-first=Emmanuel K|editor1-last=Akyeampong|editor2-first=Henry Louis|editor2-last=Gates|title=Ngalifourou|date=2012|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1533|work=Dictionary of African Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|access-date=2021-01-16|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122130300/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1533|url-status=live}}</ref> This Congo Colony became known first as [[French Congo]], then as Middle Congo in 1903.
In 1908, France organized [[French Equatorial Africa]] (AEF), comprising the Middle Congo, [[French Gabon|Gabon]], [[French Chad|Chad]], and [[Oubangui-Chari]] (what later is [[Central African Republic]]). The French designated [[Brazzaville]] as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural
During the [[Nazi occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of [[Free France]] between 1940 and 1943.<ref>United States State Department. Office of the Historian. ''A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776''. "[https://history.state.gov/countries/congo-republic Republic of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512065606/https://history.state.gov/countries/congo-republic |date=12 May 2017 }}". Accessed 9 October 2010.</ref> The [[Brazzaville Conference of 1944]] heralded a period of reform in French colonial policy. Congo "benefited" from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville.<ref name="dos2009"/> It had a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]].
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Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004 whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org">{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_COG.html |title=Human Development Report 2009 |access-date=24 June 2014 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117223815/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_COG.html |archive-date=17 January 2010}}. undp.org</ref>
{{As of|2012}}, the [[HIV/AIDS]] prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds.<ref name="CIA" /> Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org"/> A proportion of the population is undernourished,<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org"/> and [[malnutrition]] is a problem in Congo
{{As of|2010}}, the [[maternal mortality]] rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the [[infant mortality]] rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births.<ref name="CIA" /> [[Female genital mutilation]] (FGM) is confined to limited geographic areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inthenews.unfpa.org/?p=15146|title=CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE): UNFPA Leads Fight Against FGM " UNFPA in the News|access-date=23 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011052/http://inthenews.unfpa.org/?p=15146|archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
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