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{{
|name = ASDEX Upgrade
|fullname = Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment Upgrade
|type = [[Tokamak]]▼
|image =
|
▲|type = [[Tokamak]]
|city = [[Garching bei München|Garching]]
|field = 3.1 [[Tesla (unit)|T]] (toroidal)▼
|state =
|country = [[Germany]]
|affiliation = [[Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]]
|major_radius = {{cvt|1.65|m}}
|minor_radius = {{cvt|0.5| - |0.8|m}}
|volume = {{val|13|ul=m3}}
|heating = {{val|27|ul=MW}}
|power = <!-- {{val|00|ul=MW}} -->
|time = {{val|10|ul=s}} (pulse)
|current = {{val|2|ul=MA}}
|temperature = <!-- {{val|00|e=6|ul=K}} -->
|construction_date =
|operation_start_year = 1991
|operation_end_year =
|ongoing = yes
|prev = ASDEX
|next =
|related =
|website = <!-- {{url|insert here}} -->
|other_links =
}}
[[File:ASDEX Upgrade model.jpg|thumb|right|ASDEX Upgrade model]]
[[File:Oliver Mark - Alexander Bradshaw, Garching 2006.jpg|thumb|Physicist [[Alexander Bradshaw]] photographed by [[Oliver Mark]] in the ASDEX Upgrade, Garching 2006]]
'''ASDEX Upgrade''' ('''''A'''xially '''S'''ymmetric '''D'''ivertor '''Ex'''periment'') is a [[divertor]] [[tokamak]]
== Overview ==
To make experiments under reactor-like conditions possible, essential [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] properties, particularly the plasma density and pressure and the wall load, have been adapted in ASDEX Upgrade to the conditions that will be present in a future fusion power plant.
ASDEX Upgrade is, compared to other international tokamaks, a midsize tokamak experiment. It began operation in 1991 and it succeeds the '''ASDEX''' experiment, which was in operation from 1980 until 1990.
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The experiment has an overall radius of 5 metres, a gross weight of 800 [[metric ton]]s, a maximum magnetic field strength of 3.1 [[tesla (unit)|tesla]], a maximum plasma current of 1.6 [[ampere|megaampere]] and maximum heating power of up to 27 [[watt|megawatt]]. Plasma heating and current drive in the ASDEX Upgrade is derived from several sources, namely 1 MW of [[ohmic heating]], 20 MW of [[neutral beam injection]], 6 MW via [[ion cyclotron resonance]] heating (ICRH) at frequencies between 30 and 120 [[hertz|megahertz]], and 2 x 2 MW of [[electron cyclotron resonance]] heating (ECRH) at 140 [[hertz|gigahertz]]. It has 16 toroidal field coils and 12 poloidal field coils.
Three large [[flywheel generator]]s feed the 580 MVA pulsed power supply system for the magnetic confinement and plasma heating.<ref name=Kasemann2015>{{cite book |
==ASDEX==
ASDEX (with a major radius R=1.65m, minor radius a=0.4m, and plasma current Ip≤500kA) started operation in 1980.<ref>M. Keilhacker, "The ASDEX divertor tokamak", Nuclear Fusion, vol. 25, no. 9, 1985</ref> In 1991, it was dismantled by personnel of the Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), transported to Chengdu, China, and its main components were used to build the [[HL-2A]].<ref>Y. Liu et al., "Recent advances in the HL-2A tokamak experiments", Nuclear Fusion, vol. 45, no. 10, 2005</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/eng/presse/archiv/11_02_pi|title=ASDEX – German fusion device now re-operating in China|author=Isabella Milch|date=2002-12-02}}</ref>
The [[High-confinement mode|H-mode]] was discovered in ASDEX in 1982.
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