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| name = Douma chemical attack
| partof = the [[Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)]], [[Siege of Eastern Ghouta]], [[Syrian civil war]]
| image = সিরিয়ার দেবশিশু ০১.jpg
| caption = The graffiti "Syriar Debshishu" ({{lit|Syria's children of God}}) depicting a girl putting a gas mask on her sibling's face to protect her from chemical gas, drawn in 2018 in response to the attack, [[Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology]], [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=ক্যাম্পাসের দেয়ালরাঙানো যত ছবি|language=bn|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/lifestyle/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=10 January 2022|accessdate=15 September 2024}}</ref>
| scope =
| type = [[Chemical warfare]],<ref name=OPCW-FFM-Mar2019 />{{rp|9.12}} [[airstrike]]<ref name=OPCWinterim>{{cite report |author=OPCW Technical Secretariat |author-link=OPCW |date=2018 |title=Note by the Technical Secretariat Update on the Fact-Finding Mission in Syria |url=https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019/05/s-1755-2019.pdf |publisher=Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |access-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816200603/https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019/05/s-1755-2019.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|3.1}}
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==Background==
{{Main|Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War|Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)|Siege of Eastern Ghouta}}
According to [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW) and [[United Nations]] investigations, both the [[Syrian Arab Republic]]'s forces and [[Islamic State]] militants have used [[chemical weapons]] during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/timeline-chemical-weapons-attacks-syria-54367351|title=Timeline of chemical weapons attacks in Syria|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |agency=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418031513/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/timeline-chemical-weapons-attacks-syria-54367351|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-opcw-timeline/timeline-of-investigations-into-syrias-chemical-weapons-idUSKBN1HG1M7|title=Timeline of investigations into Syria's chemical weapons|work=Reuters|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418031511/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-opcw-timeline/timeline-of-investigations-into-syrias-chemical-weapons-idUSKBN1HG1M7|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/timeline-syria-chemical-weapons-civil-war-article-1.3020430|title=A timeline of Syria's chemical weapons use in civil war|website=[[New York Daily News]] |date=5 April 2017 |access-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421061246/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/timeline-syria-chemical-weapons-civil-war-article-1.3020430|archive-date=21 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] has documented 85 [[Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War|chemical weapons attacks in Syria]] since 2013, and its sources indicate the Syrian government is responsible for the majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2018/04/16/how-many-chemical-attacks-have-been-documented-in-syria-infographic/#dd3f6265a1ed|title=How Many Chemical Attacks Have Been Documented In Syria? [Infographic]|first=Niall|last=McCarthy|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192856/https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2018/04/16/how-many-chemical-attacks-have-been-documented-in-syria-infographic/#dd3f6265a1ed|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> People reported incidents of chemical weapons use specifically in Douma in January 2018; Russia vetoed a potential United Nations mission to investigate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/23/middleeast/us-russia-un-chemical-weapons-syria/index.html|title=Things got heated between the US and Russia today at the UN|first=Richard |last=Roth|date=24 January 2018 |publisher=CNN|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110220/https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/23/middleeast/us-russia-un-chemical-weapons-syria/index.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/u-s-has-no-evidence-of-syrian-use-of-sarin-gas-mattis-says U.S. has no evidence of Syrian use of sarin gas, Mattis says] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409141641/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/u-s-has-no-evidence-of-syrian-use-of-sarin-gas-mattis-says |date=9 April 2018}}. PBS, 2 February 2018</ref> The [[Arms Control Association]] reported two smaller [[Chlorine gas poisoning|chlorine gas]] attacks in Douma on 7 March and 11 March.<ref name="Arms control">{{cite web |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/taxonomy/term/17 |title=Timeline of Syrian Chemical Weapons Activity, 2012–2018 |publisher=[[Arms Control Association]] |first1=Daryl |last1=Kimball |first2=Kelsey |last2=Davenport |date=April 2018 |access-date=11 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082646/https://www.armscontrol.org/taxonomy/term/17 |archive-date=12 April 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Douma had been under rebel control since 18 October 2012,<ref name="Capture of Douma">{{cite news|last=Di Giovanni|first=Janine|title=Denial Is Slipping Away as War Arrives in Damascus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/18/world/middleeast/syrian-war-reaches-damascus.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&smid=tw-share&&pagewanted=print|date=18 October 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203040632/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/18/world/middleeast/syrian-war-reaches-damascus.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&smid=tw-share&&pagewanted=print|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and, with the rest of the Eastern Ghouta region, [[Siege of Eastern Ghouta|under siege]] since April 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43343266|title=UN convoy delivers aid to Eastern Ghouta amid 'calm'|date=9 March 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625211054/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43343266|archive-date=25 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)]], code-named Operation Damascus Steel, a [[Offensive (military)|military offensive]] launched by the [[Syrian Arab Army]] (SAA) and its allies on 18 February 2018 to capture the rebel-held territory.<ref name="kill71">{{cite news|last=Osborne|first=Samuel|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-assad-regime-killed-air-striked-wounded-eastern-ghouta-rebel-damascus-a8218001.html|title=Syrian government air strikes kill 71 and wound 325 in 24 hours, monitor says|date=19 February 2018|work=The Independent|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408132826/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-assad-regime-killed-air-striked-wounded-eastern-ghouta-rebel-damascus-a8218001.html|archive-date=8 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="ready">{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20180218-syria-forces-ready-assault-rebel-enclave|title=Syria forces ready for assault on rebel enclave|date=18 February 2018|publisher=France 24|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220151841/http://www.france24.com/en/20180218-syria-forces-ready-assault-rebel-enclave|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Jaysh al-Islam]] rebel coalition controlled Douma.<ref>"[http://www.dw.com/en/which-rebel-groups-are-fighting-in-syrias-eastern-ghouta/a-42663501 Which rebel groups are fighting in Syria's eastern Ghouta?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227083307/http://www.dw.com/en/which-rebel-groups-are-fighting-in-syrias-eastern-ghouta/a-42663501 |date=27 February 2018}}". Deutsche Welle. 20 February 2018.</ref><ref name="aljazeera">"[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/syria-state-media-jaish-al-islam-agrees-leave-ghouta-douma-180401115350429.html Reports of Douma evacuation deal 'not true': council member] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408113609/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/syria-state-media-jaish-al-islam-agrees-leave-ghouta-douma-180401115350429.html |date=8 April 2018}}". Al-Jazeera. 1 April 2018.</ref><ref name="SBS">"[https://www.sbs.com.au/news/who-are-the-rebel-groups-fighting-in-syria-s-eastern-ghouta Who are the rebel groups fighting Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government forces in Eastern Ghouta?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408065540/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/who-are-the-rebel-groups-fighting-in-syria-s-eastern-ghouta |date=8 April 2018}}" SBS News. 2 March 2018.</ref> By mid-March, rebel territory in Eastern Ghouta had reduced to three pockets, one in the south around [[Hamouria]] held by [[Faylaq al-Rahman]]; a second in the west around [[Harasta]] held by [[Ahrar al-Sham]]; as well as Douma in the north held by Jaysh al-Islam.<ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-43414348 Syria war: Thousands flee Eastern Ghouta as army advances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628111042/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-43414348 |date=28 June 2018}}, BBC, 15 March 2018</ref> In the second half of March, the other two pockets were secured via evacuation deals between the rebels, Syria, and Russia.<ref>[https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/thousands-flee-ghouta-rebel-enclave-syria-army-advances-doc-12k4je3 Thousands flee Ghouta rebel enclave as Syria army advances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316154116/https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/thousands-flee-ghouta-rebel-enclave-syria-army-advances-doc-12k4je3 |date=16 March 2018}}, AFP</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-evacuation/syrian-rebels-reach-evacuation-deal-in-eastern-ghouta-town-rebel-sources-idUSKBN1GW39R|title=Syrian rebels agree to evacuate town in Ghouta: sources|work=Reuters|date=21 March 2018 |access-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322080224/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-evacuation/syrian-rebels-reach-evacuation-deal-in-eastern-ghouta-town-rebel-sources-idUSKBN1GW39R|archive-date=22 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="deal agreed">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/23/ceasefire-deal-agreed-in-syrias-eastern-ghouta|date=23 March 2018|title=Ceasefire deal agreed in Syria's eastern Ghouta|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418060405/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/23/ceasefire-deal-agreed-in-syrias-eastern-ghouta|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 31 March, the last of the evacuations was conducted and the Syrian army declared victory in Eastern Ghouta, while the rebels that were still holding out in Douma were given an ultimatum to surrender by the end of the day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/state-tv-towns-syrias-ghouta-cleared-rebels-54144500|title=Syrian army declares victory as rebels vacate most of Ghouta|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |agency=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403054239/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/state-tv-towns-syrias-ghouta-cleared-rebels-54144500|archive-date=3 April 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==Reports==
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