Content deleted Content added
m Fixing broken anchor: 2022-08-27 #Nazi Germany→Gas chamber#Germany |
m Dating maintenance tags: {{Which one}} |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
Line 9:
| birth_name = Rut Laskier
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|6|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kraków]]<ref name="tumas">{{cite journal |last1= Tumas-Matuszewska|first1= Izabela|date= 2022|title= Tropami Rutki Laskier|url= https://bibliog3.wordpress.com/2022/05/10/tropami-rutki-laskier/|journal= Miesięcznik Społeczno-Kulturalny
| death_date = December 1943 (aged 14)
| death_place = [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz-Birkenau]], [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]]
Line 18:
}}
'''Rut "Rutka" Laskier''' (12 June 1929 – December 1943) was a [[Jews|Jewish]] [[Poland|Polish]] diarist who is best known for her
==Biography==
Rutka Laskier was born in [[Kraków]]<ref name="tumas" /> to Dwojra Hampel, daughter of Abram Chil Hampel, and Jakub Laskier, who worked as a bank officer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Rutka-Laskier/6000000011186025561|title = Rutka Laskier| date=12 June 2024 }}</ref><ref name="AutoTZ-1">[http://jri-poland.org/announcements.htm#rutka-laskier Rutka Laskier's Birth Record Finally Located]: Announcement by Jewish Records Poland-Indexing, Inc. and The Bedzin-Sosnowiec-Zawiercie Area Research Society</ref> Her family was well
In 1939, the municipal government was taken over by the German [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) following the city's surrender during the German invasion of Poland. It quickly began to engage in anti-Semitic violence and state-sponsored discrimination. Many Jews were fired from their positions and fled Danzig.<ref name=shoa>{{cite web|url=http://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/die-loesung-der-judenfrage-in-der-freien-stadt-danzig|title=Die "Lösung der Judenfrage" in der Freien Stadt Danzig|publisher=Zukunft braucht Erinnerung|first=Wolfgang|last=Gippert|language =German}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1a3lkHv9NZ0C&q=jewish%20danzig&pg=PA103|title=Model Nazi: Arthur Greiser and the Occupation of Western Poland|first1=Catherine|last1=Epstein|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-954641-1|page=103}}</ref>
Rutka moved with her family to the southern [[Poland|Polish]] city of [[Będzin]], from whence her paternal grandparents hailed. Following the German [[invasion of Poland]], while in the [[Będzin Ghetto]], Rutka Laskier, age 14, wrote a 60-page diary in [[Polish language|Polish]], chronicling several months of her life under the [[Nazi]] rule in 1943. Her diary remained in the hands of Rutka's surviving friend for 64 years and was not released to the public until 2005.<ref name="JerusalemPost">
===The Holocaust===
Line 32:
However, when her diary appeared in a book, it was revealed in 2008 that she was not sent to the [[gas chamber]]s along with them. Zofia Minc (later Galler), a fellow prisoner who survived, revealed in a published account of her time at Auschwitz, that Laskier slept in the barrack next to her until falling victim to a [[cholera]] outbreak in December 1943. Another prisoner pushed Laskier, still alive, in a wheelbarrow to an underground gas chamber. According to Zahava Scherz, Israeli-born daughter of Rutka's father by his subsequent marriage,<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gn734 The Secret Diary of the Holocaust], BBC.co.uk; accessed 20 December 2016.</ref> Rutka begged Zofia to take her to the [[electric fence]] so she could kill herself, but an [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] guard following them would not allow it. Rutka was then taken directly to the crematory.<ref name="Libération">« Dans notre block, je dormais à côté de mon amie, Rutka Laskier, de Bedzin. Elle était tellement belle, que même le Dr Mengele l’avait remarquée. Une épidémie de typhus et de choléra a alors éclaté. Rutka a attrapé le choléra. En quelques heures, elle est devenue méconnaissable. Elle n’était plus qu’une ombre pitoyable. Je l’ai moi-même transportée dans une brouette au crématoire. Elle me suppliait de l’amener jusqu’aux barbelés pour se jeter dessus et mourir électrocutée, mais un SS marchait derrière moi avec un fusil et il ne m’a pas laissé faire. » in "Journal d’outre-tombe" by Nathalie Dubois and Maja Żółtowska, ''[[Libération]]'' (10 March 2008) (French).</ref>
Rutka's father was the only member of the family who survived the Holocaust. Following World War II, he emigrated to [[Israel]], where he remarried and had another daughter, Zahava Scherz. He died in 1986.<ref>[http://www.wpr.org/hereonearth/archive_070612k.cfm WPR Interview with Zahava Scherz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003444/http://www.wpr.org/hereonearth/archive_070612k.cfm |date=2007-09-28 }}, wpr.org; accessed 21 December 2016.</ref> According to Zahava Scherz, interviewed in the BBC documentary ''The Secret Diary of the Holocaust'' (broadcast in January 2009),<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gn734 BBC One Programmes - The Secret Diary of the Holocaust] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401125323/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gn734|date=1 April 2011}}</ref> he never told Scherz about Rutka until she discovered a photo album when she herself was 14, which contained a picture of Rutka with her younger brother. Scherz asked her father who they were, and he answered her truthfully, but never spoke of it again. She went on to explain that she only learned of the existence of Rutka's diary in 2006, and she expressed how much it has meant to her to be able to get to know her half-sister through
==Diary==
Line 53:
===Publication of the diary===
The manuscript, as edited by Stanisław Bubin, was published in the Polish language by a Polish publisher {{which one|date=September 2024}} in early 2006. In June 2007, Yad Vashem Publications published [[English language|English]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] translations of the diary, entitled ''Rutka's Notebook: January–April 1943''.<ref name=YV2007/>
==Printings==
Line 60:
==Adaptations==
* Laskier's diary is the focus of the 2009 [[BBC One]] documentary ''The Secret Diary of the Holocaust''<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gn734 BBC 2009, The Secret Diary of the Holocaust] retrieved 21 October 2017</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Secret Diary Of The Holocaust (WW2 Documentary) {{!}} History Documentary |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnD_EtHqW44 |website=Reel Truth History | date=9 July 2019 |access-date=26 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* The Czech [[post-hardcore]] band Rutka Laskier, formed in 2015, is named after her
* The 2018 novel ''Rutka'' by Polish writer [[Zbigniew Białas]] is inspired by her story
Line 112:
[[Category:Będzin Ghetto inmates]]
[[Category:Holocaust diarists]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish diarists]]
[[Category:Women diarists]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish women writers]]
[[Category:Jewish women writers]]
[[Category:Polish people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp]]
| |||