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{{Short description|Intergovernmental economic organisationorganization}}
{{Distinguish|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe{{!}}OSCE}}
{{Redirect|OCED|text=The abbreviation may also mean [[Community economic development|Office of Community Economic Development]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}<!-- NOTE: This article uses the "ise" suffix in the style of spelling. "OrganisationOrganization" is not a typographical error, and this style is used by the OECD itself. Please do not change the spelling to "organization" without discussion on the talk page. -->
 
{{Infobox organization
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{{Economics sidebar |collapsed}}
 
The '''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development''' ('''OECD'''; {{lang-fr|Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, '''OCDE'''}}) is an [[international organization|intergovernmental organisationorganization]] with 38 member countries,<ref name=membership/><ref name="38 countries">{{cite news |last1=Shields |first1=Bevan |title=Mathias Cormann confirmed as a frontrunner for OECD post following candidate cull |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/mathias-cormann-confirmed-as-frontrunner-for-oecd-post-following-candidate-cull-20210113-p56tx5.html |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=13 January 2021 |language=en |quote=OECD's 38 member countries.}}</ref> founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and [[international trade|world trade]]. It is a [[forum (legal)|forum]] whose member countries describe themselves as committed to [[democracy]] and the [[market economy]], providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members.
 
The majority of OECD members have been [[industrialized country|industrialized]] and are [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economies]], and are ranked as "very high" in the [[Human Development Index]],. and are regarded as [[developed country{{asof|developed countries]]. As of 2024}} their collective population is 1.38 billion<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Population, total – OECD members |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=OE }}</ref> people with an average life expectancy of 80 years and a [[median age]] of 40, against a global average of 30.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OECD Economic Data {{!}} Data |url=https://www.worldeconomics.com/Regions/OECD/default.aspx |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=World Economics}}</ref> {{As of|2017}}, OECD Member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of [[list of countries by GDP (nominal)|global nominal GDP]] ([[United States dollar|USD]] 49.6 trillion)<ref name="GDP IMF">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLS/world-economic-outlook-databases|title=World Economic Outlook Database|date=17 April 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> and 42.8% of global [[gross domestic product|GDP]] ([[International dollar|Int$]]54.2 trillion) at [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|purchasing power parity]].<ref name="imf1">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=43&pr.y=19&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C672%2C914%2C946%2C612%2C137%2C614%2C546%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C199%2C646%2C733%2C648%2C184%2C915%2C524%2C134%2C361%2C652%2C362%2C174%2C364%2C328%2C732%2C258%2C366%2C656%2C734%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698%2C668&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)|publisher=IMF|access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> The OECD is an official [[United Nations General Assembly observers|United Nations observer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/intergovernmental-organizations/index.html|title=Intergovernmental Organizations|website=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024809/https://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/intergovernmental-organizations/index.html |archive-date= Dec 2, 2018 }}</ref> OECD nations have strong [[Welfare|social security systems]]; their average [[Welfare state|social welfare spending]] stood at roughly 21% of GDP.<ref name="Kenworthy">{{Cite journal |jstor = 3005973|title = Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment|journal = Social Forces|volume = 77|issue = 3|pages = 1119–1139|last1 = Kenworthy|first1 = Lane|year = 1999|doi = 10.2307/3005973|url = http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/188.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130810134045/http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/188.pdf|archive-date = 10 August 2013|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Bradley et al.">{{Cite journal |jstor = 3088901|title = Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies|journal = American Sociological Review|volume = 68|issue = 1|pages = 22–51|last1 = Moller|first1 = Stephanie|last2 = Huber|first2 = Evelyne|last3 = Stephens|first3 = John D.|last4 = Bradley|first4 = David|last5 = Nielsen|first5 = François|year = 2003|doi = 10.2307/3088901}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.oecd.org/social/expenditure.htm | title=Social Expenditure – Aggregated data|work=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]}}</ref>
 
The OECD's headquarters are at the [[Château de la Muette]] in [[Paris]], France, which housed its predecessor organization, the Organization for European Economic Co-operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Getting to the OECD|url=http://www.oecd.org/site/conferencecentre/gettingtotheoecd.htm |publisher=OECD|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> The OECD is funded by contributions from member countries at varying rates and had a total budget of [[Euro|€]]338.3 million in 2023,<ref name="budget" /> and is recognised as a highly influential publisher of mostly economic data through publications as well as annual evaluations and rankings of member countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Organisation-for-Economic-Co-operation-and-Development|access-date=2020-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
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DuringJapan thebecame nexta 12member yearsin 1964, [[Japan]]and over the following decade, [[Finland]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]] also joined the organisation. [[SFR Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] had observer status in the organisation, starting with the establishment of the OECD, until its [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|dissolution as a country]].<ref name="Marković & Obadić">{{cite book |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |title=The OECD and the International Political Economy Since 1948 |chapter=A Socialist Developing Country in a Western Capitalist Club: Yugoslavia and the OEEC/OECD, 1955–1980 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-60243-1_4 |editor-last1=Leimgruber |editor-first1=Matthieu |editor-last2=Schmelzer |editor-first2=Matthias |pages=89–111 |last1=Marković |first1=Andrej |last2=Obadić |first2=Ivan |date=2017 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-60243-1_4 |isbn=978-3-319-60243-1 }}</ref> The OECD also created agencies such as the [[OECD Development Centre]] (1961), [[International Energy Agency]] (IEA, 1974), and [[Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering]].
 
The aims of the OECD are stated in Article 1 of the Convention<ref>{{cite web |title=Convention on the OECD |url=https://www.oecd.org/about/document/oecd-convention.htm |publisher=OECD |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> as:
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Unlike the Organisations of the United Nations system, OECD uses the spelling "Organisation" with an "s" in its name rather than "organization", together with a hyphenated "Co-operation".
 
===Enlargement to EasternCentral Europe===
Following the [[Revolutions of 1989]], the OECD began assisting countries in Central and Eastern Europe (especially the [[Visegrád Group]]) to prepare market economy reforms. In 1990, the Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition (now succeeded by the Centre for Cooperation with Non-Members) was established, and in 1991, the programme, "Partners in Transition", was launched forto theoffer benefita ofpartnership to [[Czechoslovakia]], Hungary and Poland,<ref name=czech/> including a membership option for these countries.<ref name=czech>{{cite web |publisher=Permanent Delegation of the Czech Republic to the OECD |title= The Czech Republic in the OECD |url=http://www.mzv.cz/oecd.paris/en/the_czech_republic_in_the_oecd}}</ref> As a result of this, [[Poland]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/general/avisionforpolandjoiningtheworldsmostadvanced.htm |title= A vision for Poland: Joining the world's most advanced |publisher= OECD |date=23 November 2006 |access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref> [[Hungary]], the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], as well as [[South Korea]]<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=http://chicagotribune.com/1996/10/25/south-korea-joins-oecd-south-korea-was/ |title=South Korea joins OECD | newspaper = [[Chicago Tribune]] |date=25 October 1996 |access-date=3 August 2013 |archive-date=April 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407004839/http://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/10/25/south-korea-joins-oecd-south-korea-was/}}</ref> and [[Mexico]], became members of the OECD between 1996 and 2000.
 
===Reform and further enlargement===
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===Books===
 
[[File:Reports for sale at the OECD bookshop April 2019.jpg|thumb|Reports on a wide range of topics for sale at the OECD's Conference Centre Bookshop in 2019]]
 
The OECD releases about 600 books and over 400 papers yearly on topics spanning public policy. The publications are updated to the OECD iLibrary. Most books are published in English and French. The OECD flagship titles include:
* The [[Economic Outlook (OECD publication)|OECD Economic Outlook]], published twice a year. It contains forecast and analysis of the economic situation of the OECD member countries. The OECD exceptionally published the 2020 Economic Outlook on 10 June 2020 to adjust economic forecasts greatly impacted by the [[Coronavirus disease 2019|Coronavirus]] since the March Interim Economic Outlook. The June Economic Outlook assesses the economic impact of COVID-19 and provides projections for economic impact if a second outbreak were to occur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OECD Economic Outlook, June 2020|url=http://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/june-2020|access-date=2020-06-10|website=OECD|language=en}}</ref>
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===Magazine===
''[[OECD Observer]]'', an award-winning magazine,<ref group="n">Highly Commended certificate in the annual ALPSP/Charlesworth awards from the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers 2002; see article [http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/825/].</ref> was launched in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/general/happybirthdayoecdobserver.htm |title=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |publisher=OECD |date=28 November 1962 |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> The magazine appeared six times a year until 2010, and became quarterly in 2011 with the introduction of the ''OECD Yearbook'', launched for the 50th anniversary of the organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/3498/OECD_Yearbook_2011.html |title=OECD Yearbook 2011 |work =OECD Observer | publisher = OECD |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> The online and mobile<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.oecdobserver.org |title=OECD Observer |publisher=M.oecdobserver.org |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> editions are updated regularly and containcontained news, analysis, reviews, commentaries and data on global economic, social and environmental challenges and listings of the latest OECD books.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecdobserver.org/subscribe.html|title=Subscribe to OECD Observer}}</ref> An OECD Observer Crossword was introduced in Q2 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4144/OECD_Observer_Crossword.html |title=Crossword No.2 2013 |publisher=OECD Observer |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> The [https://issuu.com/oecd.publishing/docs/oecd_observer_319_q320 OECD Observer was last issued] in the fourth quarter of 2019, with a double edition looking ahead at artificial intelligence, and a cover leading on why statistical offices should hire a comedian. The OECD Observer website closed in the first quarter of 2021; the archive can be consulted at www.oecd.org.
 
===Statistics===
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* as static files or dynamic database views on the OECD Statistics portal,
* as StatLinks (in most OECD books, there is a [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] that links to the underlying data).
 
In July 2024, the OECD announced that it "has transitioned to [an] open-access information model" and that Creative Commons [[Creative_Commons_license|CC‑BY‑4.0 attribution licenses]] will be used on all data and publications.
<ref name="oecd-freely-available-2024">
{{cite web
| author = OECD
| title = OECD data, publications and analysis become freely accessible — Press release
| date = 4 July 2024
| work = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
| location = Paris, France
| url = https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2024/07/oecd-data-publications-and-analysis-become-freely-accessible.html
| access-date = 2024-07-10
}}
</ref>
 
===Working papers===
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| {{flag|Switzerland}} || || || || {{dts|nowrap=off|28 September 1961}} || Europe || OEEC member<ref name="oeec"/>
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || || || || {{dts|nowrap=off|2 August 1961}} || EuropeMiddle East || OEEC member<ref name="oeec"/>
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} || || || || {{dts|nowrap=off|2 May 1961}} || Europe || OEEC member<ref name="oeec"/>
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===Participating partners===
*{{Flag|Brazil}}▼
*{{Flag|China}}
*{{Flag|European Union}}
*{{Flag|India}}
*{{Flag|Indonesia}}
*{{Flag|South Africa}}
 
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===Negotiating membership===
*{{flag|Argentina}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners>{{cite press release |date=25 January 2022 |title=OECD takes first step in accession discussions with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Peru and Romania |url=https://www.oecd.org/newsroomen/about/news/press-releases/2022/01/oecd-takes-first-step-in-accession-discussions-with-argentina-brazil-bulgaria-croatia-peru-and-romania.htmhtml |work=OECD |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
*{{flag|Brazil}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners/>
*{{flag|Bulgaria}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners/>
*{{flag|Croatia}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners/>
*{{flag|Indonesia}} since 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwone.oecd.org/newsroomdocument/oecd-makes-historic-decision-to-open-accession-discussions-with-indonesia.htmC(2023)176/FINAL/en/pdf|title=OECDResolution of the makescouncil historicon decisionthe toopening openof accession discussions with Indonesia|work=OECD|access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref>
*{{flag|Peru}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners/>
*{{flag|Romania}} since 2022<ref name=oecd-partners/>
*{{flag|Thailand}} since 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/newsroomen/about/news/press-releases/2024/06/oecd-increases-engagement-with-southeast-asia-further-opens-accession-discussions-with-thailand.htmhtml|title=OECD increases engagement with Southeast Asia further - Opens accession discussions with Thailand|work=OECD|date=18 June 2024 |access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>
 
=== Applicants ===
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=== Expressed interest ===
* {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan is getting closer to OECD membership|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/central-asia/opinion/kazakhstan-is-getting-closer-to-oecd-membership/|website=Euractiv|date=19 October 2017|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=BERNAMA |date=2024-07-22 |title=MALAYSIA CONSIDERS JOINING OECD -- TENGKU ZAFRUL |url=https://www.bernama.com/tv/news.php?id=2320473 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=BERNAMA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaysia considers OECD membership |url=https://theinvestor.vn/malaysia-considers-oecd-membership-d11391.html |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=theinvestor.vn |language=en}}</ref>
 
===Former members===
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===Accession talks terminated===
▲*{{Flag|BrazilBelarus}}
*{{Flag|Russia}}
 
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* [https://www.oecd.org/ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]
* [https://data.oecd.org/ OECD Data]
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057925.2022.2078955#d1e240 The OECD and epistemic (de)colonisation: Globalising visions for knowledge in the Learning Compass 2030]
 
{{Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}}
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