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'''Kansas''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Kansas.ogg|ˈ|k|æ|n|z|ə|s}} {{respell|KAN|zəss}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Kansas|accessdate=2024-03-08}}</ref> is a
For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse [[Plains Indians|Indigenous tribes]]. The first settlement of non-indigenous people in Kansas occurred in 1827 at [[Fort Leavenworth]]. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]], conflict between abolitionist [[Free-Stater (Kansas)|Free-Staters]] from [[New England]] and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri broke out over the question of whether Kansas would become a [[Slave states and free states|free state or a slave state]], in a period known as [[Bleeding Kansas]]. On January 29, 1861,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |title = Today in History: January 29 |publisher = Memory.loc.gov |access-date = July 31, 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100727012836/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html |archive-date = July 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |title = Kansas Quick Facts |website = governor.ks.gov |access-date = December 30, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511125749/https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts |archive-date = May 11, 2011 }}</ref> Kansas entered the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname "The Free State". Passage of the Homestead Acts in 1862 brought a further influx of settlers, and the booming cattle trade of the 1870s attracted some of the Wild West's most iconic figures to western Kansas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clavin |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |title=Dodge City: Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and the Wickedest Town in the American West |last2=Clavin |first2=Tom |date=2017-02-28 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-07148-4 |language=en |access-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329032913/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywT0DQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=How Dodge City Became a Symbol of Frontier Lawlessness |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106012908/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dodge-city-became-symbol-frontier-lawlessness-180967912/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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{{US Census population
| 1860 = 107206
| 1870 = 364399
| 1880 = 996096
| 1890 = 1428108
| 1900 = 1470495
| 1910 = 1690949
| 1920 = 1769257
| 1930 = 1880999
| 1940 = 1801028
| 1950 = 1905299
| 1960 = 2178611
| 1970 = 2246578
| 1980 = 2363679
| 1990 = 2477574
| 2000 = 2688418
| 2010 = 2853118
| 2020 = 2937880
| estyear = 2023
|align-fn=center▼
| estimate = 2940546
|footnote=1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>▼
| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html |access-date=March 24, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
▲| align-fn = center
▲| footnote = 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
Line 726 ⟶ 729:
| color4 = Green
}}
[[File:Charles M Sheldon.jpg|thumb|upright|Reverend [[Charles Sheldon]], Topeka resident and coiner of the phrase "[[What would Jesus do?]]"
In 2020, ARDA reported 414,939 Catholics, 165,658 United Methodists, and 164,486 Southern Baptists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Congregational Membership |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=1&c=20 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.thearda.com |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415163258/https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=1&c=20 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, the [[Public Religion Research Institute]] (PRRI)'s study revealed 74% of the total population were Christian; among them, 59% were Protestant, 13% Catholic, and 2% Mormon. The religiously unaffiliated were 23% of the population, Unitarian Universalists 1%, and New Agers 1%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRRI – American Values Atlas |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-KS |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=ava.prri.org |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-KS |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Line 734 ⟶ 737:
Topeka is also home of the [[Westboro Baptist Church]], a [[hate group]] according to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=May 2, 2021|title=Westboro Baptist protests at Atlanta HBCU graduation ceremonies|url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/politics/westboro-baptist-protests-at-atlanta-hbcu-graduation-ceremonies/85-d0901f2c-8a27-4a2b-916c-ce5ce9455155|website=11Alive.com|date=May 19, 2019|archive-date=May 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510002223/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/politics/westboro-baptist-protests-at-atlanta-hbcu-graduation-ceremonies/85-d0901f2c-8a27-4a2b-916c-ce5ce9455155|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=May 2, 2021|title=Anti-LGBTQ hate groups on the rise in U.S., report warns|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/anti-lgbtq-hate-groups-rise-u-s-report-warns-n1171956|website=NBC News|date=March 30, 2020|archive-date=May 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511213933/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/anti-lgbtq-hate-groups-rise-u-s-report-warns-n1171956|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/westboro-baptist-church |title = Westboro Baptist Church |website = Southern Poverty Law Center |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110306095813/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/westboro-baptist-church |archive-date = March 6, 2011}}</ref> The church has garnered worldwide media attention for picketing the funerals of U.S. servicemen and women for what church members claim as "necessary to combat the fight for equality for gays and lesbians". They have sometimes successfully raised lawsuits against the city of Topeka.
=== Largest immigrant groups ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!#
!Country
!Population [https://stacker.com/kansas/biggest-sources-immigrants-kansas]
|-
|1
|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]
|81,933
|-
|2
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|13,526
|-
|3
|{{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vietnam]]
|11,119
|-
|4
|{{Flagicon|China}} [[China]]
|8,223
|-
|5
|{{Flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]]
|6,271
|-
|6
|{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
|5,005
|-
|7
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea]]
|4,108
|-
|8
|{{Flagicon|El Salvador}} [[El Salvador]]
|3,919
|-
|9
|{{Flagicon|Laos}} [[Laos]]
|3,447
|-
|10
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
|3,326
|}
==Economy==
Line 940 ⟶ 994:
For passenger service, currently the ''[[Southwest Chief]]'' [[Amtrak]] route runs through the state on its route from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California on the [[BNSF]] railway. Stops in Kansas include [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]], [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]], [[Newton, Kansas|Newton]], [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]], [[Dodge City, Kansas|Dodge City]], and [[Garden City, Kansas|Garden City]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Amtrak Southwest Chief |url = https://www.amtrak.com/southwest-chief-train |website = Amtrak |access-date = August 13, 2017 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170706152803/https://www.amtrak.com/southwest-chief-train |archive-date = July 6, 2017}}</ref> An [[Amtrak Thruway]] connects Newton to the ''[[Heartland Flyer]]'' in [[Oklahoma City]], Oklahoma.<ref>{{cite web |title = Wichita Returns to the Amtrak Map |url = https://media.amtrak.com/2016/04/wichita-returns-to-the-amtrak-map/ |website = Amtrak |date = April 18, 2016 |access-date = August 13, 2017 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170813105838/https://media.amtrak.com/2016/04/wichita-returns-to-the-amtrak-map/ |archive-date = August 13, 2017}}</ref> There has been proposals to modify the Amtrak routing through Kansas, such as: removing rail service from the ''[[Southwest Chief]]'' between [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] and Dodge City,<ref>Ben Kuebrich, [http://kcur.org/post/amtrak-may-end-passenger-rail-service-west-kansas-moran-amtrak-not-doing-its-job#stream/0 Amtrak May End Passenger Rail Service in West Kansas. Moran: "Amtrak Is Not Doing Its Job"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701054751/http://kcur.org/post/amtrak-may-end-passenger-rail-service-west-kansas-moran-amtrak-not-doing-its-job#stream/0 |date=July 1, 2018 }}, KCUR. June 28, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2020.</ref> and extending rail service for the ''[[Heartland Flyer]]'' from Oklahoma City to Newton with new stops at [[Arkansas City, Kansas|Arkansas City]] and [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2021 |title=Heartland Flyer Extension |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/d3271f075cae42139e0b3ef7f5060ae7 |access-date=January 29, 2023 |website=storymaps.arcgis.com |publisher=Amtrak Connect Us |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130003516/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/d3271f075cae42139e0b3ef7f5060ae7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Could Kansans soon hop a train to Texas? Billions in federal funding might mean yes. |url=https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/state/2023/01/30/heartland-flyer-passenger-rail-train-service-could-come-to-kansas/69856310007/ |publisher=Topeka Capital-Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203215148/https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/state/2023/01/30/heartland-flyer-passenger-rail-train-service-could-come-to-kansas/69856310007/ |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |date=January 30, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
For freight service, there are three [[Class I rail carrier|Class I railroads]] in Kansas: [[BNSF]], [[Union Pacific]], and [[
===Transit===
Line 1,333 ⟶ 1,387:
{{Sister project links|Kansas|voy=Kansas}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170126072121/http://www.kansas.gov/ State of Kansas]
* [http://www.travelks.com/ Kansas Travel and Tourism Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211233010/http://www.travelks.com/ |date=February 11, 2021 }}
* [http://www.kshs.org/ Kansas Historical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125141546/http://kshs.org/kansapedia/cool-things-legislative-war-artifacts/10324 |date=January 25, 2017 }}
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