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|75.6% [[Christianity]]
|20.6% [[Irreligion in Latin America|no religion]]
|2.0% [[
|1.1% [[Hinduism]]
|0.7% [[Religion in Barbados|others]]<ref name="cia"/>
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'''Barbados''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|b|ɑːr|ˈ|b|eɪ|d|ɒ|s}} {{respell|bar|BAY|doss}}; {{IPAc-en|US|b|ɑːr|ˈ|b|eɪ|d|oʊ|s}} {{respell|bar|BAY|dohss}}; {{IPAc-en|local|b|ɑːr|ˈ|b|eɪ|d|ə|s}} {{respell|bar|BAY|dəss}}) is an [[island country]] in the [[Lesser Antilles]] of the [[West Indies]], in the [[Caribbean]] region next to [[North America]] and north of
[[South America]], and is the most easterly of the Caribbean islands. It lies on the boundary of the [[South American
Inhabited by [[Island Caribs|Kalinago]] people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous people]]s, Spanish navigators took possession of Barbados in the late 15th century, claiming it for the [[Crown of Castile]]. It first appeared on a Spanish map in 1511.<ref name="Spanish Main">{{cite book |last1=Sauer |first1=Carl Ortwin |title=Early Spanish Main, The |url={{GBurl|ayCi1EAaIWQC |pg=PA193}} |year=1969 |orig-year=1966 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-01415-4 |pages=192–197}}</ref> The [[Portuguese Empire]] claimed the island between 1532 and 1536, but abandoned it in 1620 with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited. An [[Kingdom of England|English]] ship, the ''Olive Blossom'', arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625; its men took possession of the island in the name of [[James VI and I|King James I]]. In 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and Barbados became an [[English overseas possessions|English]] and later [[British colonisation of the Americas#British Caribbean colonies|British colony]].<ref name="Commonwealth History">{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/barbados/history |title=Barbados – History |author=Secretariat |work=[[Commonwealth of Nations]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820080026/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/barbados/history |archive-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> During this period, the colony operated on a [[plantation economy]], relying on the labour of [[Atlantic slave trade|African slaves]] who worked on the island's plantations. Slavery continued until it was phased out through most of the [[British Empire]] by the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].
On 30 November 1966, Barbados moved towards political independence and assumed the status of a [[Commonwealth realm]], becoming a separate jurisdiction with [[Elizabeth II]] as the [[Queen of Barbados]]. On 30 November 2021, Barbados
|date=2021-11-30 |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/29/americas/barbados-bids-farewell-to-queen-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130080358/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/29/americas/barbados-bids-farewell-to-queen-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=2021-11-30 |access-date=2022-01-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/at-the-stroke-of-midnight-barbados-becomes-the-worlds-newest-republic|last=Safi|first=Michael|title=Barbados parts way with Queen and becomes world's newest republic|work=The Guardian|date=30 November 2021|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130054632/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/at-the-stroke-of-midnight-barbados-becomes-the-worlds-newest-republic|url-status=live}}</ref>
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The name "Barbados" is from either the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] term {{lang|pt|os barbados}} or the Spanish equivalent, {{lang|es|los barbados}}, both meaning "the bearded ones".<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GekeS6uMj38C&dq=%22Barbados%22++Portuguese+spanish+bearded&pg=PA104 |title=To the Editor of the Colonial Journal |author=Dr Ainslie |editor=Dr Ainslie |journal=The Colonial Journal |publisher=G. Davidson |issue=1 |year=1816 |location=London |pages=104 |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418063559/https://books.google.com/books?id=GekeS6uMj38C&dq=%22Barbados%22++Portuguese+spanish+bearded&pg=PA104 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fiske |first=Amos Kidder |author-link=Amos Kidder Fiske |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUhsofUyHq4C&dq=%22Barbados%22++Portuguese+spanish+bearded&pg=PA357 |title=The West Indies: A History of the Islands of the West Indian Archipelago, Together with an Account of Their Physical Characteristics, Natural Resources, and Present Condition |date=1899 |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |pages=357 |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418063558/https://books.google.com/books?id=XUhsofUyHq4C&dq=%22Barbados%22++Portuguese+spanish+bearded&pg=PA357 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is unclear whether "bearded" refers to the long, hanging roots of the bearded [[fig-tree]] (''[[Ficus citrifolia]]''), a species of [[banyan]] indigenous to the island, or to the allegedly bearded [[Kalinago]] (Island Caribs) who once inhabited the island, or, more fancifully, to a visual impression of a beard formed by the sea foam that sprays over the outlying coral reefs. In 1519, a map produced by the [[Genoa|Genoese]] mapmaker [[Visconte Maggiolo]] showed and named Barbados in its correct position.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} Furthermore, the island of [[Barbuda]] in the [[Leeward Islands|Leewards]] is very similar in name and was once named "{{lang|es|Las Barbudas|italic=unset}}" by the Spanish.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}
The original name for Barbados in the [[Pre-Columbian era]] was {{lang|awd|Ichirouganaim}}, according to accounts by descendants of the
Colloquially, Barbadians refer to their home island as "Bim" or other nicknames associated with Barbados, including "Bimshire". The origin is uncertain, but several theories exist. The [[National Cultural Foundation]] of Barbados says that "Bim" was a word commonly used by [[slave]]s, and that it derives from the [[Igbo language|Igbo]] term {{lang|ig|bém}} from {{lang|ig|bé mụ́}} meaning "my home, kindred, kind";<ref name="Carrington, Sean 2007 25">{{Cite book |author=Carrington, Sean |title=A~Z of Barbados Heritage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSccAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Bimshire%22|year=2007 |publisher=Macmillan Caribbean Publishers Limited |page=25 |isbn=978-0-333-92068-8}}</ref> the Igbo phoneme {{IPA|ig|e|}} in the Igbo orthography is very close to {{IPAc-en|ɪ}}.<ref name=Allsopp2003>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage |first=Richard |last=Allsopp |author2=Allsopp, Jeannette |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcari0000unse/page/101 101] |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |year=2003 |isbn=9766401454 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcari0000unse/page/101}}</ref> The name could have arisen due to the relatively large percentage of [[Igbo people|Igbo]] slaves from modern-day southeastern [[Nigeria]] arriving in Barbados in the 18th century.<ref name=EltisRichardson1997>{{cite book |title=Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity, and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade |first=David |last=Eltis |author2=Richardson, David |page=87 |publisher=Routledge |year=1997 |access-date=24 November 2008 |url={{GBurl|kuXEzQZQmawC |pg=PA87}} |isbn=978-0-7146-4820-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Black Experience and the Empire |first=Philip D. |last=Morgan |author-link=Philip D. Morgan |author2=Hawkins, Sean |isbn=0-19-926029-X |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |page=82 |url={{GBurl|kG824iVy1BsC |pg=PA82}} }}</ref> The words "Bim" and "Bimshire" are recorded in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' and ''[[Chambers Dictionary|Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionaries]]''. Another possible source for "Bim" is reported to be in the ''Agricultural Reporter'' of 25 April 1868, where the Rev. N. Greenidge (father of one of the island's most famous scholars, [[Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge]]) suggested that Bimshire was "introduced by an old planter listing it as a county of England". Expressly named were "Wiltshire, Hampshire, Berkshire and Bimshire".<ref name="Carrington, Sean 2007 25"/> Lastly, in the ''Daily Argosy'' (of Demerara, i.e. Guyana) of 1652, there is a reference to Bim as a possible corruption of "Byam", the name of a Royalist leader against the Parliamentarians. That source suggested the followers of Byam became known as "Bims" and that this became a word for all Barbadians.<ref name="Carrington, Sean 2007 25"/>
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=== Geological history ===
Around 700,000 years ago, the island emerged from the ocean as a body of soft rock known as a [[diapir]] rose from the mantle beneath its present-day location. This process is still ongoing, raising Barbados at an average rate of 30 centimeters per thousand years.<ref name="earthmagazine">{{cite web|url=https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/travels-geology-barbados-ascending-sea-level-staircase/|title=Travels in Geology: Barbados: Ascending the sea-level staircase|first=Terri|last=Cook|
=== Pre-colonial period ===
Archeological evidence suggests humans may have first settled or visited the island {{circa|1600 BC}}.<ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Barbados |title= Barbados |website=Encyclopedia Britannica
=== European arrival ===
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==== The sugar revolution ====
The introduction of [[sugar cane]] from [[Dutch Brazil]] in 1640 completely transformed society, the economy and the physical landscape. Barbados eventually had one of the world's biggest sugar industries.<ref name=beyond>{{Cite book |author-link=Arif Ali |author=Ali, Arif |title=Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination |pages=46, 48 |year=1997 |publisher=Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd |isbn=1-870518-54-3}}</ref> One group instrumental in ensuring the early success of the industry was the [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic Jews]], who had originally been expelled from the [[Iberian peninsula]], to end up in [[Dutch Brazil]].<ref name="beyond"/> As the effects of the new crop increased, so did the shift in the ethnic composition of Barbados and surrounding islands.<ref name="Slavery and Economy in Barbados"/> The workable sugar plantation required a large investment and a great deal of heavy labour. At first, Dutch traders supplied the equipment, financing, and African slaves, in addition to transporting most of the sugar to Europe.<ref name="Slavery and Economy in Barbados"/><ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados"/> In 1644 the population of Barbados was estimated at 30,000, of which about 800 were of African ancestry, with the remainder mainly of English ancestry. These English smallholders were eventually bought out and the island filled up with large sugar plantations worked by African slaves.<ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados"/> By 1660 there was near parity with 27,000
By 1680 there were 20,000 free whites and 46,000 enslaved Africans;<ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados"/> by 1724, there were 18,000 free whites and 55,000 enslaved Africans.<ref name="Slavery and Economy in Barbados"/>
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On 20 June 2022, a Constitutional Review Commission was formed and sworn in by Jeffrey Gibson (who at the time was serving temporarily as Acting President of Barbados) to review the Constitution of Barbados.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Members of Constitutional Review Commission sworn in |url=https://www.nationnews.com/2022/06/20/members-constitutional-review-commission-sworn/ |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=nationnews.com |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621191900/https://www.nationnews.com/2022/06/20/members-constitutional-review-commission-sworn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The commission was given a 15-month timeline to complete its work, which included consulting the public about the new republic and drafting a constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitutional Reform Commission of Barbados: Much Expectation, Great Skepticism|last1=Barrow-Giles |first1=Cynthia |last2=Yearwood|first2=Rico|url=https://constitutionnet.org/news/constitutional-reform-commission-barbados-much-expectation-great-skepticism|date=12 August 2022|work=ConstitutionNet}}</ref> Thus, the CRC engaged the public in a number of public meetings, lectures, and [[Twitter Spaces]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Meetings|url=https://www.crcbarbados.com/public-meetings|work=Constitutional Reform Commission|date=15 January 2024 }}</ref> The report was announced delayed by August 2023,<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of Constitutional Reform Commission delayed until 2024|last=Joseph |first=Emmanuel|work=Barbados Today |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2023/08/23/not-ready/amp/|date=23 August 2023}}</ref> with the final report submitted 30 June 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitutional Reform Commission gets another extension|work=Barbados Today|url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2024/04/26/constitutional-reform-commission-gets-another-extension/
|date=26 April 2024}}</ref>
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[[Image:Barbados-2022 englisch.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Map of Barbados]]
Barbados is situated in the Atlantic Ocean, east of the other [[West Indies]] Islands. Barbados is the easternmost island in the [[Lesser Antilles]]. It is {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=off}} long and up to {{cvt|23|km|mi}} wide, covering an area of {{cvt|439|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-02 |title=Barbados country profile |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18723928 |access-date=2023-10-02 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002085534/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18723928 |url-status=live }}</ref> It lies about {{cvt|168|km}} east of both the countries of [[Saint Lucia]] and [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]; {{cvt|180|km}} south-east of [[Martinique]] and {{cvt|400|km}} north-east of [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. It is flat in comparison to its island neighbours to the west, the [[Windward Islands]]. The island rises gently to the central highland region known as Scotland District, with the highest point being [[Mount Hillaby]] {{cvt|340|m|ft}} above sea level.<ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados"/>
In Barbados [[forest cover]] is around 15% of the total land area, equivalent to 6,300 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 6,300 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 0 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be [[primary forest]] (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 5% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 1% of the forest area was reported to be under [[State ownership|public ownership]], 0% [[Private property|private ownership]] and 99% with ownership listed as other or unknown.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Barbados |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BRB/home/overview |website=Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref>
In the parish of [[Saint Michael, Barbados|Saint Michael]] lies Barbados's capital and main city, [[Bridgetown]], containing one third of the country's population.<ref name="Encylopedia Britannica- Barbados"/> Other major towns scattered across the island include [[Holetown]], in the parish of [[Saint James, Barbados|Saint James]]; [[Oistins]], in the parish of [[Christ Church, Barbados|Christ Church]]; and [[Speightstown]], in the parish of [[Saint Peter, Barbados|Saint Peter]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}
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=== Geology ===
Barbados lies on the boundary of the [[South American
The erosion of [[limestone]] in the northeast of the island, in the Scotland District, has resulted in the formation of various [[cave]]s and [[Gully|gullies]]. On the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] east coast of the island [[coastal landforms]], including [[Stack (geology)|stacks]], have been created due to the limestone composition of the area. Also notable in the island is the rocky cape known as [[Pico Teneriffe (Barbados)|Pico Teneriffe]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.barbadospocketguide.com/barbados-attractions/beaches-and-bays/north-coast-beaches/pico-teneriffe.html |title=Pico Teneriffe – Barbados Pocket Guide |last=Gloria |website=barbadospocketguide.com |access-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127022828/http://www.barbadospocketguide.com/barbados-attractions/beaches-and-bays/north-coast-beaches/pico-teneriffe.html |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> or Pico de Tenerife, which is named after the fact that the island of [[Tenerife]] in Spain is the first land east of Barbados according to the belief of the locals.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}
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=== Art ===
Barbadian art has evolved over the centuries, influenced by the island's complex history, which includes
The latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century witnessed a cultural renaissance in Barbadian art now documented by [https://www.raskalmag.com/ '''Raskal Magazine'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204040650/https://www.raskalmag.com/ |date=4 December 2023 }}. Artists began to explore diverse mediums and techniques, blending traditional practices with contemporary expressions. This period of experimentation contributed to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of Barbadian art, reflecting the island's openness to cultural exchange and adaptation.
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[[Ryan Brathwaite]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=BAR/athcode=208833/index.html |title=iaaf.org – Athletes – Brathwaite Ryan Biography |access-date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501135055/http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=BAR/athcode=208833/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> won a [[gold medal]] in the [[110 metres hurdles]] at the [[2009 World Championships in Athletics]] in Berlin.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2009/08/20/sports-ath-worlds-men-apos-s-110-hurdles_6800205.html Associated Press, "Brathwaite wins men's 110-meter hurdles at worlds", Aug. 20, 2009]{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
[[Rugby union|Rugby]] is also popular in Barbados.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BARBADOS RUGBY CLUB {{!}} Sporting Barbados |url=https://www.sportingbarbados.com/sporting-contacts/barbados-rugby-club |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=sportingbarbados.com |date=5 September 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329030838/https://www.sportingbarbados.com/sporting-contacts/barbados-rugby-club |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Horse racing]] takes place at the [[Garrison Savannah Racetrack|Historic Garrison Savannah]] close to Bridgetown. Spectators can pay for admission to the stands. Admission to the Grand Stand costs between US$2.50 and US$5.00.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbados Turf Club {{!}} horseracing in Barbados |url=https://www.barbadosbarbados.com/activity/barbados-turf-club-garrison-savannah/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Barbados Barbados |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329032833/https://www.barbadosbarbados.com/activity/barbados-turf-club-garrison-savannah/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Barbados also hosts several international surfing competitions.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.visitbarbados.org/world-surfing-league-barbados-surf-pro|title=World Surfing League|publisher=Visit Barbados|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117025710/https://www.visitbarbados.org/world-surfing-league-barbados-surf-pro|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Netball]] is also popular with women in Barbados.<ref>{{Cite
Several players in the [[National Football League]] (NFL) are from Barbados, including [[Robert Bailey (American football)|Robert Bailey]], [[Roger Farmer]], [[Elvis Joseph]], [[Ramon Harewood]] and [[Sam Seale]].<ref>Grasso, John (2013). ''Historical Dictionary of Football''. Scarecrow Press. Page 484. {{ISBN|9780810878570}}.</ref>
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=== General information ===
* {{Wikiatlas|Barbados}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|}}
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