Green New Deal: Difference between revisions

The name refers back to the [[New Deal]], a set of reforms and [[public works project]]s undertaken by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1933-1935 in response to the [[Great Depression in the United States]].<ref>Jeremy Lovell (July 21, 2008) [https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL204610020080721 "Climate report calls for green 'New Deal'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610233547/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-deal/climate-report-calls-for-green-new-deal-idUSL204610020080721 |date=June 10, 2020 }}, Reuters.</ref> The Green New Deal combines Roosevelt's economic approach with modern ideas such as [[renewable energy]] and [[resource efficiency]].<ref>[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3347494 A Green New Deal: Discursive Review and Appraisal.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224075104/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3347494 |date=February 24, 2021 }} ''Macroeconomics: Aggregative Models eJournal.'' Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed March 14, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.boell.de/en/2013/11/25/toward-transatlantic-green-new-deal Hilary French, Michael Renner and Gary Gardner: Toward a Transatlantic Green New Deal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329163548/http://www.boell.de/en/2013/11/25/toward-transatlantic-green-new-deal |date=March 29, 2014 }} The authors state: "Support is growing around the world for an integrated response to the current economic and environmental crises, increasingly referred to as the "Green New Deal". The term is a modern-day variation of the U.S. New Deal, an ambitious effort launched by President Franklin Roosevelt to lift the United States out of the Great Depression. The New Deal of that era entailed a strong government role in economic planning and a series of stimulus packages launched between 1933 and 1938 that created jobs through ambitious governmental programs, including the construction of roads, trails, dams, and schools. Today's Green New Deal proposals are also premised on the importance of decisive governmental action, but incorporate policies to respond to pressing environmental challenges through a new paradigm of sustainable economic progress."</ref>

A prominent 2019 attempt to get legislation passed for a Green New Deal was sponsored by Rep. [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] (D-NY) and Sen. [[Ed Markey]] (D-MA) during the [[116th United States Congress]], though it failed to advance in the Senate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rebecca Shabad |last2=Dartunorro Clark |title=Senate fails to advance Green New Deal as Democrats protest McConnell 'sham vote' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-fails-advance-green-new-deal-democrats-protest-mcconnell-sham-n987506 |access-date=April 4, 2019 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=March 26, 2019 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715013853/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-fails-advance-green-new-deal-democrats-protest-mcconnell-sham-n987506 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[european union|European Union]], a 2019 proposal from the [[European commission]] for a [[European Green Deal]] was supported by the [[European Council]], and in January 2020, by the [[European Parliament]] as well.<ref name="EUP2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.europeaninterest.eu/article/parliament-supports-european-green-deal/|title=Parliament supports European Green Deal|last=Benakis|first=Theodoros|date=2020-01-15|website=European Interest|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230100853/https://www.europeaninterest.eu/article/parliament-supports-european-green-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since the early 2000s, and especially since 2018, other proposals for a "Green New Deal" had arisen both in the United States and internationally.<ref name="climate policies">{{cite news |author=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=September 24, 2019 |title=Labour's climate policies: what are they and what do they mean? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/24/labours-climate-policies-what-are-they-and-what-do-they-mean |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110163855/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/24/labours-climate-policies-what-are-they-and-what-do-they-mean |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |access-date=November 11, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="international">{{cite news

Throughout the 1970s and 1990s, an economic policy to move the United States economy away from nonrenewable energy was developed by activists in the labor and the environmental movements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Where are the Greens in the Green New Deal? |first=David |last=Cobb |author-link=David Cobb (activist) |work=[[The Progressive]] |access-date=December 14, 2019 |url=https://progressive.org/dispatches/where-are-the-greens-in-the-green-new-deal-cobb-190323/ |date=March 23, 2019 |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528050524/https://progressive.org/dispatches/where-are-the-greens-in-the-green-new-deal-cobb-190323/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

An early use of the phrase "Green New Deal" was by journalist [[Thomas Friedman]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://grist.org/article/whats-the-green-new-deal-the-surprising-origins-behind-a-progressive-rallying-cry/|title=What's the 'Green New Deal'? The surprising origins behind a progressive rallying cry.|last=Kaufman|first=Alexander C|date=June 30, 2018|work=Grist|access-date=November 13, 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075619/https://grist.org/article/whats-the-green-new-deal-the-surprising-origins-behind-a-progressive-rallying-cry/|archive-date=November 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He argued in favor of the idea in ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]''.<ref>{{cite news |first=Thomas L. |last=Friedman |title=Thomas L. Friedman: The power of green |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/opinion/15iht-web-0415edgreen-full.5291830.html |work=[[The New York Times]] Magazine |date=April 15, 2007 |access-date=February 16, 2017 |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202232740/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/opinion/15iht-web-0415edgreen-full.5291830.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/opinion/19friedman.html|title=Opinion – A Warning From the Garden|first=Thomas L.|last=Friedman|date=January 19, 2007|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 27, 2019|archive-date=February 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227221036/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/opinion/19friedman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2007, Friedman wrote:{{quoteblockquote|If you have put a windmill in your yard or some solar panels on your roof, bless your heart. But we will only green the world when we change the very nature of the electricity grid – moving it away from dirty coal or oil to clean coal and renewables. And that is a huge industrial project – much bigger than anyone has told you. Finally, like the New Deal, if we undertake the green version, it has the potential to create a whole new clean power industry to spur our economy into the 21st century.<ref name="auto1"/>|sign=|source=}} Friedman expanded upon the idea in his September 2008 book ''[[Hot, Flat, and Crowded]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Friedman|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas L. Friedman|date=September 8, 2008|title=Hot, Flat, and Crowded|url=https://www.thomaslfriedman.com/hot-flat-and-crowded-2-0/|location=New York|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-16685-4|access-date=October 9, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009173437/https://www.thomaslfriedman.com/hot-flat-and-crowded-2-0/|url-status=live}}</ref> This approach was taken up in Britain by the [[Green New Deal Group]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Lynas |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/environment/2008/07/lynas-towards-economy-climate |title=A Green New Deal |date=July 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419205127/http://www.newstatesman.com/environment/2008/07/lynas-towards-economy-climate |url-status=live |archive-date=April 19, 2016 |work=[[New Statesman]] }}</ref> which published its eponymous report on July 21, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://neweconomics.org/2008/07/green-new-deal|title=A Green New Deal|website=New Economics Foundation|language=en|access-date=May 8, 2019|archive-date=May 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508014353/https://neweconomics.org/2008/07/green-new-deal|url-status=live}}</ref> The concept was further popularized and put on a wider footing when the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) began to promote it internationally.

In early 2008, author [[Jeff Biggers]] launched a series of challenges for a Green New Deal from the perspective of his writings from [[coal mining in the United States|coal country]] in [[Appalachia]]. Biggers wrote, "([[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008|then-presidential candidate]]) [[Barack Obama|Obama]] should shatter these artificial [[racism in the United States|racial boundaries]] by proposing a New 'Green' Deal to revamp the region and bridge a growing chasm between bitterly divided [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], and call for an end to [[mountaintop removal]] policies that have led to impoverishment and ruin in the coal fields."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyond-race-obamas-green-_b_92475|title=Beyond Race: Obama's Green Opportunity|last=Biggers|first=Jeff|date=March 19, 2008|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en|access-date=May 8, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801063232/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyond-race-obamas-green-_b_92475|url-status=live}}</ref> Biggers followed up with other Green New Deal proposals over the next four years.<ref>See for example: [http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/biggers.coal/index.html CNN, 10 October 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044416/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/biggers.coal/index.html |date=March 6, 2019 }}, [http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/12/appalachia-coalfieldregenerationchristmas.html Al Jazeera, December 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807131704/http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/12/appalachia-coalfieldregenerationchristmas.html |date=August 7, 2019 }}</ref>

The [[Green Party of the United States]] and Green Party presidential candidate [[Jill Stein]] proposed a "Green New Deal" beginning in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url-access=limited|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/the-3-green-party-candidates-and-their-disappointing-platforms/257436/|title=The 3 Green Party Candidates and Their Disappointing Platforms|last=Friedersdorf|first=Conor|date=May 21, 2012|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115030436/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/the-3-green-party-candidates-and-their-disappointing-platforms/257436/|quote=Jill Stein's "Green New Deal" is far and away the most deeply thought-out platform on offer, and it still consists largely of assertions of the utopian ends it'll achieve, rather than realistic means for getting there.|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/13/green_new_deal_organizer_physician_jill|title=Green New Deal: Organizer, Physician Jill Stein Poised to Win Green Party's Presidential Nomination|website=[[Democracy Now!]]|access-date=March 24, 2019|archive-date=October 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018071950/https://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/13/green_new_deal_organizer_physician_jill|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/14/mandate-america-green-new-deal |title=Give us a mandate for what America needs: a Green New Deal |date=October 14, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Stein |first1=Jill |author-link=Jill Stein |access-date=March 24, 2019 |archive-date=October 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026032400/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/14/mandate-america-green-new-deal |url-status=live }}</ref> A Green New Deal remains officially part of the platform of the Green Party of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gp.org/green_new_deal|title=Green New Deal|website=GPUS|language=en|access-date=November 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117101335/http://www.gp.org/green_new_deal|archive-date=November 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 2019, international calls for a Green New Deal had already becamebecome more prominent. This reflected the popular support the GND had received in the US in late 2018, growing recognition of the global warming threat resulting from recent [[extreme weather]] events, the [[Greta Thunberg effect|Greta effect]] and the [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|IPPCIPCC 1.5 °C report]]. In addition to activity within conventional national & multilateral politics, there has been support for a Green New Deal within [[city diplomacy]]. In October 2019, the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group|C40]] committed to supporting a ''Global Green New Deal'', announcing there will be determined action from all its 94 cities, with 30 cities having already peaked their emissions and progressing rapidly towards net-zero.<ref name="international-applauds">{{cite news

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In December 2020, however, the United Nations released a report saying that a high proportion of the world's COVID-19 recovery [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus]] was not going towards clean energy. UN secretary -general [[António Guterres]] declared the world's governments were "doubling down" on [[fossil fuels]].<ref>{{cite web

Other commentators, while agreeing on the need for the incorporation of justice, have cautioned against excessive emphases on [[identity politics]], or on bundling in too many economically progressive measures. They fear including too much in a GND package will make it harder to achieve broad based majority support. Polls had found that in 2019 the Ocasio-Cortez and Markey GND was initially supported by a majority of conservatives. Yet after a few months of hostile criticism by shows like [[Fox News]] for being excessively socialist, only about 35% of American conservatives remained in support.<ref name = Lieven2020>{{cite book

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In early May 2019, with rising concerns about the need for urgent global environmental action to reduce potentially catastrophic effects of climate change, a non-partisan coalition of nearly 70 groups launched the [[Pact for a Green New Deal]] (''New Deal vert au Canada'' in French).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2019/05/06/pression-new-deal-vert-canada_a_23722313/|title=Une coalition fait pression pour un "New Deal" vert au Canada|last=Saint-Arnaud|first=Pierre|date=May 6, 2019|website=[[HuffPost]] Québec|language=fr|access-date=May 7, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507190823/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2019/05/06/pression-new-deal-vert-canada_a_23722313/|url-status=live}}</ref> With press conferences in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, the coalition called for fossil fuel emissions to be halved by 2030.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/u-inspired-green-deal-pact-163413472.html|title=U.S.-inspired Green New Deal pact launches across Canadian cities|website=ca.news.yahoo.com|date=May 6, 2019 |language=en-CA|access-date=May 7, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507091159/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/u-inspired-green-deal-pact-163413472.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/05/06/pact-green-new-deal-visionary-roadmap-canadian-coalition-launched|title="The Pact for a Green New Deal": Visionary Roadmap From Canadian Coalition Launched|last=Germanos|first=Andrea|date=May 6, 2019|website=Common Dreams|access-date=May 9, 2019|archive-date=May 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508104346/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/05/06/pact-green-new-deal-visionary-roadmap-canadian-coalition-launched|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 16, 2019 the Green Party released a 5-page summary of their plan entitled "Mission: Possible: The Green Climate Action Plan".<ref name="greenparty_plan">{{Citation| last = Green Party of Canada| title = Mission: Possible: The Green Climate Action Plan| date = May 16, 2019 | access-date = May 19, 2019 | url = https://www.greenparty.ca/sites/default/files/mission_possible.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In July 2021, the European Commission released its "[[Fit for 55]]" legislation package, which contains important guidelines for the future of the automotive industry; all new cars on the European market must be [[Zero-emissions vehicle|zero-emission vehicles]] from 2035.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |work=European Commission |date=14 July 2021 |access-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023234141/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to European Commissioner for Climate Action [[Frans Timmermans]], "the best answer" to the [[2021 global energy crisis]] is "to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels."<ref>{{cite news |title=EU countries look to Brussels for help with 'unprecedented' energy crisis |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-look-to-brussels-for-help-with-unprecedented-energy-crisis/ |work=[[Politico]]|date=6 October 2021 |access-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021121838/https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-look-to-brussels-for-help-with-unprecedented-energy-crisis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the UK, the [https://www.greennewdealgroup.org Green New Deal Group] and the [[New Economics Foundation]] produced the ''[[A Green New Deal]]'' report asking for a Green New Deal as a way out of the Global[[Great Financial Crisis back in 2008Recession]], demanding a reform of the financial and tax sectors and a revolution of the energy sector in the country. Also, [[Green Party of England and Wales|Green]] [[Member of parliament|MP]] for [[Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)|Brighton Pavilion]], [[Caroline Lucas]], raised the idea during an economic debate in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lucas|first=Caroline|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/09/wantedagreennewdeal|title=Wanted: a green 'new deal'|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=April 9, 2008|access-date=December 11, 2016|archive-date=December 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219194301/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/09/wantedagreennewdeal|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, a Green New Deal was created by the Green New Deal Task Force as a plan for one hundred percent clean, renewable energy by 2030 utilizing a [[carbon tax]], a [[Job guarantee|jobs guarantee]], free college, [[single-payer healthcare]], and a focus on using public programs.<ref name="auto green party 2">{{cite magazine|title=The Democrats Stole the Green Party's Best Idea|magazine=The New Republic|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/153127/democrats-stole-green-partys-best-idea|date=February 22, 2019|access-date=April 16, 2019|archive-date=October 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021231023/https://newrepublic.com/article/153127/democrats-stole-green-partys-best-idea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto green party 3">{{cite webnews|title=The 'Green New Deal' isn't really that new|newspaper=Marketwatch |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-green-new-deal-isnt-really-that-new-2019-02-11|access-date=April 16, 2019|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426105343/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-green-new-deal-isnt-really-that-new-2019-02-11|url-status=live |last1=Schroeder |first1=Robert }}</ref>

On February 7, 2019, Representative [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] and Senator [[Edward Markey]] released a fourteen-page resolution for their Green New Deal (House Resolution 109, closely related to S. Res. 59).<ref name="OcasioCortez_HR109_20190212">{{cite web| last = Ocasio-Cortez| first = Alexandria| title = H.Res.109 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal| access-date = May 19, 2019| date = February 12, 2019| url = https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf| archive-date = May 11, 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200511051217/https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution}}</ref> Their proposal advocated transitioning the United States to 100% renewable, zero-emission energy sources, along with investment in [[electric car]]s and [[High-speed rail|high-speed rail systems]], and implementing the "[[social cost of carbon]]" that had been part of the Obama administration's plan for addressing climate change within 10 years. Besides increasing [[Public sector#Organization|state-sponsored]] jobs, this Green New Deal is also sought to address poverty by aiming much of the improvements in "frontline and vulnerable communities" which include the poor and disadvantaged people. The resolution included calls for [[universal health care]], increased minimum wages, and preventing [[Monopoly|monopolies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5729033/Green-New-Deal-FINAL.pdf|title=Resolution: Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal|date=February 7, 2019|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|access-date=February 7, 2019|archive-date=February 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208225331/https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5729033/Green-New-Deal-FINAL.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Paul Bledsoe]] of the [[Progressive Policy Institute]], the think tank affiliated with the conservative [[Democratic Leadership Council]], expressed concern that setting unrealistic "aspirational" goals of [[100% renewable energy]] could undermine "the credibility of the effort" against climate change.<ref name=":1" />

Economist [[Edward Barbier]], who developed the "Global Green New Deal" proposal for the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] in 2009, opposes "a massive federal jobs program," saying "The government would end up doing more and more of what the private sector and industry should be doing." Barbier prefers [[carbon pricing]], such as a [[carbon tax]] or [[cap-and-trade]] system, in order to "address distortions in the economy that are holding back private sector innovation and investments in clean energy."<ref name=":9">{{cite web|url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03012019/green-new-deal-climate-solutions-jobs-2018-year-review-ocasio-cortez-castor-sunrise-movement-congress|title=New Congress Members See Climate Solutions and Jobs in a Green New Deal|last=Lavelle|first=Marianne|date=January 3, 2019|website=InsideClimate News|language=en-US|access-date=January 19, 2019|archive-date=January 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230950/https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03012019/green-new-deal-climate-solutions-jobs-2018-year-review-ocasio-cortez-castor-sunrise-movement-congress|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2019, [[Naomi Klein]] published ''On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal''.<ref>{{Cite book| url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/On-Fire/Naomi-Klein/9781982129910| isbn=978-1-9821-2991-0| title=On Fire| date=September 17, 2019| last1=Klein| first1=Naomi| publisher=Simon and Schuster| access-date=August 12, 2019| archive-date=August 17, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817134222/https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/On-Fire/Naomi-Klein/9781982129910| url-status=live}}</ref> ''On Fire'' is a collection of essays focusing on climate change and the urgent actions needed to preserve the planet. Klein relates her meeting with [[Greta Thunberg]] in the opening essay in which she discusses the entrance of young people into those speaking out for climate awareness and change. She supports the Green New Deal throughout the book and in the final essay she discusses the 2020 U.S. election saying "The stakes of the election are almost unbearably high. It's why I wrote the book and decided to put it out now and why I'll be doing whatever I can to help push people toward supporting a candidate with the most ambitious Green New Deal platform—so that they win the primaries and then the general."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feeley |first1=Lynne |title=Naomi Klein Knows a Green New Deal Is Our Only Hope Against Climate Catastrophe |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/naomi-klein-green-new-deal-book-interview/ |journal=The Nation |access-date=September 21, 2019 |date=September 10, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921203253/https://www.thenation.com/article/naomi-klein-green-new-deal-book-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Doctorow |first1=Cory |title=Review: Naomi Klein's 'On Fire' urges us to quit hitting the snooze button on climate change |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2019-09-19/on-fire-by-naomi-klein-green-new-deal |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=September 21, 2019 |date=September 19, 2019 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920215554/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2019-09-19/on-fire-by-naomi-klein-green-new-deal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/naomi-klein-on-the-urgency-of-a-green-new-deal-for-everyone/|title=Naomi Klein on the Urgency of a 'Green New Deal' for Everyone|last=LaChance|first=Naomi|date=November 30, 2018|work=Truthdig: Expert Reporting, Current News, Provocative Columnists|access-date=December 2, 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055623/https://www.truthdig.com/articles/naomi-klein-on-the-urgency-of-a-green-new-deal-for-everyone/|archive-date=December 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Al Gore]] <ref name="gore">{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/al-gore-on-board-with-green-new-deal-climate-change-poland-e28b5fb7-9a55-4751-8d0e-c12cd6d71939.html|title=Why Al Gore is on board with the Green New Deal|author=Harder, Amy|date=December 13, 2019|publisher=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214025650/https://www.axios.com/al-gore-on-board-with-green-new-deal-climate-change-poland-e28b5fb7-9a55-4751-8d0e-c12cd6d71939.html|archive-date=December 14, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=December 13, 2018}}</ref>

* [[Richard Blumenthal]] US Senator from Connecticut<ref name="Dube">{{cite web|url=https://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-dube-renewable-energy-0319-20190319-nruyn65hxjdudci6w4s7y3pdq4-story.html|title=Nothing's perfect: The hidden costs of the Green New Deal|last=Dube|first=Donald|date=March 19, 2019|website=Hartford Courant|language=en|access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530233339/https://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-dube-renewable-energy-0319-20190319-nruyn65hxjdudci6w4s7y3pdq4-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Mazie Hirono]], US Senator from Hawaii<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hirono, Markey, Ocasio-Cortez Introduce Green New Deal Resolution {{!}} Mazie K. Hirono - A Voice for Hawaiʻi in the U.S. Senate |url=https://www.hirono.senate.gov/news/press-releases/hirono-markey-ocasio-cortez-introduce-green-new-deal-resolution- |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.hirono.senate.gov |date=February 8, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Seth Moulton]], US Representative from Massachusetts' 6th congressional district and former 2020 Presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://moulton.house.gov/news-stories/press-releases/moulton-announces-support-of-green-new-deal/|title=Moulton Announces Support of Green New Deal|last=Moulton|first=Seth|website=House of Representatives|access-date=December 13, 2018|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722211330/https://moulton.house.gov/news-stories/press-releases/moulton-announces-support-of-green-new-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Brad Sherman]] , US Representative from California's 30th congressional district.

* [[Andrew Cuomo]], while he was Governor of New York.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-20/new-york-approves-green-new-deal-as-washington-turns-blind-eye|title = New York Approves Its Own Green Deal as Trump Turns 'Blind Eye'|date = June 20, 2019|last1 = Cluckey|first1 = Keshia|last2 = Goldman|first2 = Henry|website = [[Bloomberg News]]|access-date = September 30, 2019|archive-date = December 13, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191213231037/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-20/new-york-approves-green-new-deal-as-washington-turns-blind-eye|url-status = live}}</ref>

* [[Jay Inslee]], Governor of Washington <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jay-inslee-climate-policy-2020-candidates_n_5cca4231e4b0e4d7572d4973|title=Jay Inslee Unveils Ambitious Green New Deal-Style Climate Proposal As 2020 Race Heats Up|date=May 3, 2019|last=Kaufman|first=Alexander|work=[[HuffPost]]|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930023308/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jay-inslee-climate-policy-2020-candidates_n_5cca4231e4b0e4d7572d4973|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Michelle Lujan Grisham]], Governor of New Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://magamedia.org/2019/05/28/new-mexico-green-new-deal-passed-secretly/|title = New Mexico: Green New Deal Passed Secretly|date = May 28, 2019|access-date = September 30, 2019|archive-date = September 30, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930105100/https://magamedia.org/2019/05/28/new-mexico-green-new-deal-passed-secretly/|url-status = live}}</ref>

* [[Janet Mills]], Governor of Maine.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.mainebiz.biz/article/mills-signs-8-billion-budget-bills-including-green-new-deal-plastic-bag-ban|title = Mills signs $8 billion budget, bills including Green New Deal, plastic bag ban|date = May 28, 2019|access-date = September 30, 2019|archive-date = March 8, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210308201620/https://www.mainebiz.biz/article/mills-signs-8-billion-budget-bills-including-green-new-deal-plastic-bag-ban|url-status = live}}</ref>

* [[Michelle Wu]], Mayor of [[Boston]]<ref>{{cite web|title=What to know about Michelle Wu's 'Green New Deal & Just Recovery' for Boston|url=https://www.boston.com/news/policy/2020/08/24/michelle-wu-green-new-deal-boston/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=www.boston.com|language=en-US|archive-date=September 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915004005/https://www.boston.com/news/policy/2020/08/24/michelle-wu-green-new-deal-boston/|url-status=live}}</ref> see [[Boston Green New Deal]]

* Democratic Senator [[Dianne Feinstein]] objected to the plan saying "there's no way to pay for it" and is drafting her own narrowed down version. Democratic Senator [[Joe Manchin]] criticized the plan as a "dream" adding that 'it would hurt regions dependent on reliable, affordable energy."<ref>{{cite web |last1=King |first1=Ledyard |title=Biggest obstacle to passage of Green New Deal? Democratic lawmakers |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/14/green-new-deal-democrats-split-strategy-address-climate-change/3164072002/ |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-date=March 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315014215/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/14/green-new-deal-democrats-split-strategy-address-climate-change/3164072002/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, commentators noted that early climate-related executive actions by [[President Biden]], such as re-joining the [[Paris Agreement]], have much in common with the 2019 GND proposed by Rep. Ocasio-Cortez and Sen. Markey. According to Mike Krancer, while he sees the ''Biden Plan For A Clean Energy Revolution And Environmental Justice'' and the 2019 proposal as very similar, a key difference is that the Biden plan includes a prominent role for [[carbon capture and storage]] technology.<ref>{{cite news

}}</ref> The International green new deal was also supported by [[Gordon Brown]].<ref> {{cite book

| publisher=Verso

|author= Kevin P. Gallagher , Richard Kozul-Wright

}}</ref> In July 2021, the ''Global Alliance for a Green New Deal'' was launched, a group of politicians from around the world campaigning for an international Green New Deal.<ref>{{cite web |author=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=19 Jul 2021 |title=Politicians from across world call for 'global green deal' to tackle climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/19/politicians-from-across-world-call-for-global-green-deal-to-tackle-climate-crisis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815195207/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/19/politicians-from-across-world-call-for-global-green-deal-to-tackle-climate-crisis |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

* Chohan, Usman W. ''A Green New Deal: Discursive Review and Appraisal'' (March 3, 2019). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3347494

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* E McGaughey, M Lawrence and Common Wealth, '[https://www.common-wealth.co.uk/interactive-digital-projects/green-recovery-act#2 The Green Recovery Act 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715193619/https://www.common-wealth.co.uk/interactive-digital-projects/green-recovery-act#2 |date=July 15, 2020 }}', proposed UK law, and [https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5e1b5c6919c05c76379535f9/5f0379ca94d438b843b8fdef_The%20Green%20Recovery%20Act_July2020.pdf pdf]

* [https://report.gndforeurope.com/ Green New Deal for Europe] (2019) Edition II