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| year = 2019
| pages = 17, 31, 259–293
| publisher = Allen Lane}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Barbier |first=Edward |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/520730520 |title=A global green new deal: rethinking the economic recovery |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-76309-7 |location=Cambridge
The first U.S. politician to run on a Green New Deal platform was [[Howie Hawkins]] of the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] when he ran for governor of New York in 2010.<ref name="Robert Harding">{{cite news| url=https://auburnpub.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/syracuses-howie-hawkins-a-lifelong-activist-is-green-partys-nominee-for-president/article_d592c686-3440-51da-abcd-df569564e258.html| author=Robert Harding| title=Syracuse's Howie Hawkins, a lifelong activist, is Green Party's nominee for president| publisher=auburnpub.com/The Citizen| date=July 11, 2020| access-date=July 12, 2020| archive-date=July 15, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715123758/https://auburnpub.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/syracuses-howie-hawkins-a-lifelong-activist-is-green-partys-nominee-for-president/article_d592c686-3440-51da-abcd-df569564e258.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Green Party presidential candidate [[Jill Stein]] ran on a Green New Deal platform in 2012 and 2016.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-green-new-deal-isnt-really-that-new-2019-02-11| author=Robert Schroeder| title=The 'Green New Deal' isn't really that new| publisher=[[MarketWatch]]| date=February 12, 2019| access-date=April 16, 2019| archive-date=April 26, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426105343/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-green-new-deal-isnt-really-that-new-2019-02-11| url-status=live}}</ref>
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In early 2008, author [[Jeff Biggers]] launched a series of challenges for a Green New Deal from the perspective of his writings from [[coal mining in the United States|coal country]] in [[Appalachia]]. Biggers wrote, "([[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008|then-presidential candidate]]) [[Barack Obama|Obama]] should shatter these artificial [[racism in the United States|racial boundaries]] by proposing a New 'Green' Deal to revamp the region and bridge a growing chasm between bitterly divided [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], and call for an end to [[mountaintop removal]] policies that have led to impoverishment and ruin in the coal fields."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyond-race-obamas-green-_b_92475|title=Beyond Race: Obama's Green Opportunity|last=Biggers|first=Jeff|date=March 19, 2008|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en|access-date=May 8, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801063232/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyond-race-obamas-green-_b_92475|url-status=live}}</ref> Biggers followed up with other Green New Deal proposals over the next four years.<ref>See for example: [http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/biggers.coal/index.html CNN, 10 October 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044416/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/biggers.coal/index.html |date=March 6, 2019 }}, [http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/12/appalachia-coalfieldregenerationchristmas.html Al Jazeera, December 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807131704/http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/12/appalachia-coalfieldregenerationchristmas.html |date=August 7, 2019 }}</ref>
{{Pie chart
| caption= Global [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions|carbon dioxide emissions]] by country in 2023:
| other = yes
| label1 = China
| value1 = 31.8 | color1=#E33
| label2 = United States
| value2 = 14.4 | color2=#1A9
| label3 = European Union
| value3 = 4.9 | color3=#36A
| label4 = India
| value4 = 9.5 | color4=#CC5
| label5 = Russia
| value5 = 5.8 | color5=#E72
| label6 = Japan
| value6 = 3.5 | color6=#928
}}
In 2009, the economist [[Edward Barbier]] authored the [https://www.cbd.int/development/doc/UNEP-global-green-new-deal.pdf United Nations’ Global Green New Deal], which was a strategy for greening the global economic recovery after the [[Great Recession]]. He further elaborated on this strategy in a 2010 book.<ref name=":7" />
The [[Green Party of the United States]] and Green Party presidential candidate [[Jill Stein]] proposed a "Green New Deal" beginning in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url-access=limited|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/the-3-green-party-candidates-and-their-disappointing-platforms/257436/|title=The 3 Green Party Candidates and Their Disappointing Platforms|last=Friedersdorf|first=Conor|date=May 21, 2012|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115030436/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/the-3-green-party-candidates-and-their-disappointing-platforms/257436/|quote=Jill Stein's "Green New Deal" is far and away the most deeply thought-out platform on offer, and it still consists largely of assertions of the utopian ends it'll achieve, rather than realistic means for getting there.|archive-date=November 15, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/13/green_new_deal_organizer_physician_jill|title=Green New Deal: Organizer, Physician Jill Stein Poised to Win Green Party's Presidential Nomination|website=[[Democracy Now!]]|access-date=March 24, 2019|archive-date=October 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018071950/https://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/13/green_new_deal_organizer_physician_jill|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/14/mandate-america-green-new-deal |title=Give us a mandate for what America needs: a Green New Deal |date=October 14, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Stein |first1=Jill |author-link=Jill Stein |access-date=March 24, 2019 |archive-date=October 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026032400/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/14/mandate-america-green-new-deal |url-status=live }}</ref> A Green New Deal remains officially part of the platform of the Green Party of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gp.org/green_new_deal|title=Green New Deal|website=GPUS|language=en|access-date=November 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117101335/http://www.gp.org/green_new_deal|archive-date=November 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|pages = 115–138
| publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barbier |first=Edward B. |date=2020-08-01 |title=Greening the Post-pandemic Recovery in the G20 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00437-w |journal=Environmental and Resource Economics |language=en |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=685–703 |doi=10.1007/s10640-020-00437-w |issn=1573-1502 |pmc=7294987 |pmid=32836827|bibcode=2020EnREc..76..685B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barbier |first=Edward B. |date=2023-05-18 |title=Three climate policies that the G7 must adopt — for itself and the wider world |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01586-w |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=617 |issue=7961 |pages=459–461 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01586-w |pmid=37193811 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..459B |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
In December 2020, however, the United Nations released a report saying that a high proportion of the world's COVID-19 recovery [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus]] was not going towards clean energy. UN secretary-general [[António Guterres]] declared the world's governments were "doubling down" on [[fossil fuels]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/02/world-is-doubling-down-on-fossil-fuels-despite-climate-crisis-un-report
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==United Kingdom==
In the UK, the [https://www.greennewdealgroup.org Green New Deal Group] and the [[New Economics Foundation]] produced the ''[[A Green New Deal]]'' report asking for a Green New Deal as a way out of the
In March 2019, Labour Party members launched a grassroots campaign called ''Labour for a Green New Deal''. The aim of the group is to push the party to adopt a radical Green New Deal to transform the UK economy, tackle inequality and address the escalating climate crisis. It also wants a region-specific [[green job]]s [[Job guarantee|guarantee]], a significant expansion of public ownership and democratic control of industry, as well as mass investment in public infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news |last= Taylor |first= Matthew |date= 22 March 2019 |title= Labour members launch Green New Deal inspired by US activists |url= https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/22/labour-members-launch-green-new-deal-inspired-by-us-activists |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date= 15 May 2020 |archive-date= April 10, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190410023451/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/22/labour-members-launch-green-new-deal-inspired-by-us-activists |url-status= live }}</ref> The group states that they got their inspiration from the [[Sunrise Movement]] and the work that congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has done in the US. Group members have met with [[Zack Exley]], co-founder of the progressive group [[Justice Democrats]], to learn from the experiences that he and Ocasio-Cortez have had in working for the Green New Deal campaign in the US.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Matthew |title=Labour members launch Green New Deal inspired by US activists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/22/labour-members-launch-green-new-deal-inspired-by-us-activists |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=April 16, 2019 |date=March 22, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410023451/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/22/labour-members-launch-green-new-deal-inspired-by-us-activists |url-status=live }}</ref>
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{{wikisource|Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal|Green New Deal}}
On February 7, 2019, Representative [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] and Senator [[Edward Markey]] released a fourteen-page resolution for their Green New Deal (House Resolution 109, closely related to S. Res. 59).<ref name="OcasioCortez_HR109_20190212">{{cite web| last = Ocasio-Cortez| first = Alexandria| title = H.Res.109 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal| access-date = May 19, 2019| date = February 12, 2019| url = https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution%20on%20a%20Green%20New%20Deal.pdf| archive-date = May 11, 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200511051217/https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/sites/ocasio-cortez.house.gov/files/Resolution}}</ref> Their proposal advocated transitioning the United States to 100% renewable, zero-emission energy sources, along with investment in [[electric car]]s and [[High-speed rail|high-speed rail systems]], and implementing the "[[social cost of carbon]]" that had been part of the Obama administration's plan for addressing climate change within 10 years. Besides increasing [[Public sector#Organization|state-sponsored]] jobs, this Green New Deal
According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (February 11, 2019), the resolution called for a "10-year national mobilization" whose primary goals would be:<ref name="Content">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/02/11/whats-actually-green-new-deal-democrats/ |title=Fact Checker: What's actually in the 'Green New Deal' from Democrats? |last=Rizzo |first=Salvador |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |quote=As a reader service, we're going to summarize what's actually in the Green New Deal from Democrats, and how we ended up with all this confusion. |date=February 11, 2019 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301225002/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/02/11/whats-actually-green-new-deal-democrats/ |url-status=live }}</ref><blockquote>
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===The Biden climate plan===
{{Seealso|Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration}}
In 2021, commentators noted that early climate-related executive actions by [[President Biden]], such as re-joining the [[Paris Agreement]], have much in common with the 2019 GND proposed by Rep. Ocasio-Cortez and Sen. Markey. According to Mike Krancer, while he sees the ''Biden Plan For A Clean Energy Revolution And Environmental Justice'' and the 2019 proposal as very similar, a key difference is that the Biden plan includes a prominent role for [[carbon capture and storage]] technology.<ref>{{cite news
|url= https://theweek.com/articles/966321/biden-warms-green-new-deal
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|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name = "CFR2021"/> President Biden's infrastructure package, which pledges to halve 2005 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions levels by 2030,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frazin |first1=Rachel |title=Overnight Energy: Biden reportedly will pledge to halve US emissions by 2030 {{!}} Ocasio-Cortez, Markey reintroduce Green New Deal resolution |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/overnights/549335-overnight-energy-biden-reportedly-will-pledge-to-halve |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 20, 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=July 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222147/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/overnights/549335-overnight-energy-biden-reportedly-will-pledge-to-halve |url-status=live }}</ref> has been criticized by progressives, including Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, as not being ambitious enough to achieve the scale required to mitigate climate change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kurtzleben |first1=Danielle |title=Ocasio-Cortez Sees Green New Deal Progress In Biden Plan, But 'It's Not Enough' |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983398361/green-new-deal-leaders-see-biden-climate-plans-as-a-victory-kind-of |newspaper=[[NPR]] |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=July 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714073135/https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983398361/green-new-deal-leaders-see-biden-climate-plans-as-a-victory-kind-of |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden's climate plan is incorporated in his [[American Jobs Plan]] and [[American Families Plan]], which would in part lead to the creation of a Civilian Climate Corps modeled after the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Segers |first1=Grace |date=13 May 2021 |title=Green New Deal advocates see imprint on Biden's climate agenda |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/green-new-deal-influence-american-jobs-plan/ |website=[[CBS News]]|access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026060441/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/green-new-deal-influence-american-jobs-plan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In August 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the [[Inflation Reduction Act]], which contains the largest climate investment by the U.S. federal government in history.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Vazquez |first1=Maegan |last2=Judd |first2=Donald |title=Biden signs Inflation Reduction Act into law |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/16/politics/biden-inflation-reduction-act-signing/index.html |work=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816235717/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/16/politics/biden-inflation-reduction-act-signing/index.html |archive-date=16 August 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===2021 reintroduction===
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==International==
After the Green New Deal idea was
▲After the Green New Deal idea was floated by Thomas Friedman in 2007 and developed by the British [[Green New Deal Group]], a plan for an international green new deal was advanced by the United Nations. On October 22, 2008, [[United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]]'s Executive Director [[Achim Steiner]] unveiled a ''Global Green New Deal'' initiative as a response to the [[financial crisis of 2008]], aiming to create jobs in "green" industries, thus boosting the world economy and curbing climate change at the same time.<ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Eccleston |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3353698/UN-announces-green-New-Deal-plan-to-rescue-world-economies.html |title=UN announces green "New Deal" plan to rescue world economies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922050440/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3353698/UN-announces-green-New-Deal-plan-to-rescue-world-economies.html |archive-date=September 22, 2012 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=October 22, 2008 }}</ref> The UN continued to promote the global green new deal into 2009 both to the G20<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7736/-Global%20Green%20New%20Deal_%20An%20Update%20for%20the%20G20%20Pittsburgh%20Summit-2009880.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.
|title= Global Green New Deal – An Update for the G20 Pittsburgh Summit
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[[Category:Low-carbon economy]]
[[Category:Fossil fuel phase-out]]
[[Category:Ed Markey]]
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