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Chinstrap penguins are generally considered to be the most aggressive and ill-tempered species of penguin.<ref name="newzealand">{{cite web |last1=Ellenbroek |first1=B. |title=Chinstrap penguin |url=http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/chinstrap-penguin#bird-photos |website=New Zealand Birds Online |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
Chinstrap penguins microsleep over 10,000 times a day and accomplish this in 4 second bouts of sleep. The sleep can be both bihemispheric and unihemispheric [[slow-wave sleep]]. The penguins accumulate over 11 hours of sleep for each hemisphere daily.<ref name="chinstrap sleep">{{cite journal |last1=Libourel |first1=P.-A. |last2=Lee |first2=W. Y. |last3=Achin |first3=I. |last4=Chung |first4=H. |last5=Kim |first5=J. |last6=Massot |first6=B. |last7=Rattenborg |first7=N. C. |title=Nesting chinstrap penguins accrue large quantities of sleep through seconds-long microsleeps |journal=Science |date=December 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6674 |pages=1026–1031 |doi=10.1126/science.adh0771 |
=== Roy and Silo ===
{{Main|Roy and Silo}}
In 2004, two male chinstrap penguins named [[Roy and Silo]] in [[Central Park Zoo]], [[New York City]], formed a [[pair bond]] and took turns trying to "hatch" a rock, for which a keeper eventually substituted a fertile egg, and the pair subsequently hatched and raised the chick.<ref>{{cite news|last=Driscoll|first=Emily V.|title=Bisexual Species: Unorthodox Sex in the Animal Kingdom|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=bisexual-species&sc=rss|access-date=22 April 2012|newspaper=Scientific American|date=10 July 2008}}</ref> Penguins by nature hatch eggs and are social creatures. The children's book ''[[And Tango Makes Three]]'' was written based on this event.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1799196,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103180449/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1799196,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 3, 2006 |title=Gay icon causes a flap by picking up a female |publisher=Times Online |first=James |last=Bone |date=27 September 2005 |access-date=31 March 2009}}</ref>
== Conservation status ==
In 2018, the IUCN estimated that the population of chinstrap penguins was around 8 million specimens. Although it is believed to be decreasing overall, its population is not severely fragmented and in many sites it is increasing or stable. The species is classified as [[least concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] as of 2016, due to its large range and population, following five previous assessments of the same status from 2004 to 2012 and three assessments as "unknown" from 1988 to 2000.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />
The chinstrap penguin is primarily threatened by [[climate change]]. In several parts of its range, climate change decreases the abundance of krill, which likely makes reproduction less successful. For instance, a 2019 expedition to breeding grounds on [[Elephant Island]] show a fifty percent population decline in just under fifty years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.audubon.org/news/antarcticas-most-numerous-penguin-has-suffered-huge-declines-expedition-finds|title=Antarctica's Most Numerous Penguin Has Suffered Huge Declines, Expedition Finds|last=Stryker|first=Noah|date=2020-02-10|website=Audubon|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-11/number-of-chinstrap-penguins-in-antarctica-has-fallen-sharply/11955300|title=Chinstrap penguin colonies in Antarctica suffer '77pc decline since last survey'|date=2020-02-11|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> Other potential threats include volcanic events<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liversage |first=Sian |date=June 27, 2020 |title=Chinstrap Penguins: Risking Their Lives on Zavodovski Island |url=https://www.penguinsinternational.org/2020/06/27/chinstrap-penguins-risking-their-lives-on-zavodovski-island/}}</ref> and the fishing of krill by humans.<ref>{{
== References ==
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