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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox
|name = Naworth Castle
|location = [[Brampton, Carlisle|Brampton]], Cumbria, England
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}}
[[File:Naworth Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1485110.jpg|300px|thumb|Naworth Castle in 2009]]
'''Naworth Castle''', also known or recorded in historical documents as "Naward", is a [[castle]] in [[Cumbria]], England, near the town of [[Brampton, Carlisle|Brampton]]. It is adjacent to the [[A69 road (England)|A69]] road from [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] to [[Carlisle]], about {{convert|2|mi}} east of Brampton. It is on the opposite side of the [[River Irthing]] to, and just within sight of, [[Lanercost Priory]] where the Dacre and Howard families are buried or have their memorials, although some are buried at [[Carlisle Cathedral]]. Naworth was the seat of the [[Baron Dacre|Barons Dacre]] and is now that of their [[cognatic]] descendants, the [[Earl of Carlisle|Earls of Carlisle]], who belong to the prominent [[Howard family]]. It is a Grade I listed building
==History==
Formerly a stronghold of the [[Lord Warden of the Marches|Lord Wardens of the Marches]], Naworth is a medieval castle set in
[[Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre|Thomas Dacre]] (1467–1525), who commanded the reserve of the English army at the [[Battle of Flodden]]
Nearby, Lanercost Priory was [[Dissolution of the monasteries|dissolved]] in 1543. As part of the barony of [[Gilsland]] the manor of [[Walton, Cumbria|Walton]] was granted to the Dacre family. They refused to yield Gilsland and Naworth to the [[Henry VIII | King]], although in 1552 they agreed to exchange some lands at [[Bewcastle]] for others at [[Papcastle]].
In the late 16th century, Naworth came under the control of the Duke of Norfolk. In 1566 [[Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre]] died. In his will, he left his estates to his only son, [[George Dacre, 5th Baron Dacre]], and thereafter to his brothers, including [[Leonard Dacre]]. Following his death, his widow, [[Elizabeth Leyburne|Elizabeth Dacre]], married [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]] who became stepfather to the four Dacre children - George Dacre plus his three sisters, Anne, Mary, and Elizabeth.▼
▲In the late 16th century, Naworth came under the control of the Duke of Norfolk. In 1566 [[Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre]] died. In his will, he left his estates to his only son, [[George Dacre, 5th Baron Dacre]], and thereafter to his brothers, including [[Leonard Dacre]]. Following his death, his widow, [[Elizabeth Leyburne|Elizabeth Dacre (née Leyburne)]], married [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]] who became stepfather to the four Dacre children
Within a year of marrying the Duke of Norfolk, Elizabeth Dacre died in childbirth. The Duke then applied for wardship of his four Dacre stepchildren. Two years later the young George Dacre died in an accident and, as a minor, was without issue. His inheritance, which included Naworth, was given to his sisters as co-heiresses to his estates. The girls’ stepfather, the Duke of Norfolk, then married the three Dacre heiresses to three of his sons – [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|Philip Howard]], [[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk|Thomas Howard]], and [[Lord William Howard|William Howard]]. Thus the [[Howard family| Howard name]] came into the Dacre family, along with the title of [[Earl of Carlisle]]. ▼
▲Within a year of marrying the Duke of Norfolk, Elizabeth Dacre died in childbirth. The Duke then applied for wardship of his four Dacre stepchildren. Two years later, the young George Dacre died in an accident and, as a minor, was without issue. His inheritance, which included Naworth, was given to his sisters as co-heiresses to his estates. The girls’ stepfather, the Duke of Norfolk, then married two of the three Dacre heiresses (Anne and Elizabeth) to
However, the sisters’ uncle, Leonard Dacre (younger brother to the 4th Baron Dacre), believed their inheritance should have come to him, having been named in his brother’s will. After being involved in the [[Rising of the North|Northern Rebellion]] against [[Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth]], Leonard Dacre was forced to flee from England to Scotland and then to Flanders where he died in poverty in 1573. The Howards had the premier dukedom (Norfolk) and the premier earldom (Arundel) and with Leonard Dacre having fled, Naworth Castle and the Dacre estates became the property of the son of the Duke of Norfolk, Lord William Howard, through his marriage to Elizabeth Dacre (whose nickname became "Bess of the Broad Apron" thanks to the size of the estates which she had inherited). Among their many properties were [[Castle Howard]], but the principal family seat today is Naworth Castle, while Castle Howard is now held by a cadet branch of the family.▼
▲However, the sisters’ uncle, Leonard Dacre (younger brother to the 4th Baron Dacre), believed their inheritance should have come to him, having been named in his
==Castle and gardens==
The castle itself not only embodies centuries of tradition and cultural heritage but was/is
One of
It formerly had free standing heraldic wooden, sculptures called the “Dacre Beasts” which stood in the hall from the early 16th century until 2000 when they were purchased by the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]. They were originally situated in the Great Hall, where they stood under a ceiling painted with portraits of the kings and queens of England. Having been commissioned by
The beasts (each
*The red bull – a heraldic supporter of Thomas, 2nd Lord Dacre. The bull holds a banner of Lord Dacre: Gules, three Escallops Argent. Dugdale claimed that this coat derived from an ancestor present at the siege of Acre in 1291 and the crusades to the Holy Land. One suggestion was that this was how the Dacre family got their surname - d'Acre.
*The dolphin or salmon - represented Thomas
*The black gryphon - represented Thomas’ ancestry including [[Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre]], who built Naworth in 1335 and also the Dacre ancestry going back to the beginning of the Norman period (the Dacre barony having originally derived from the de Vaux family, who came over to England with [[William the Conqueror]]). The gryphon holds a banner of : three cushions d'argent (three silver-coloured diamonds).
*The white ram - represented
The figures are unique survivors of English heraldic woodwork which conceal a coded history of the Dacre family (including their elopements) and are regarded as fine examples of a lost world of English medieval and Tudor heraldic carving. The beasts became more famous in the 19th century through the production of prints, appealing strongly to Victorian fantasies of medieval romance. They are said to have
It is likely that the castle's 18th-century [[walled garden]] lies within the boundaries of the original [[moat]]. In June 1568, when [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] was at [[Carlisle Castle]], it was mentioned that "Naward Castle is moated about, and much stronger for her detention". Although Naworth was "strong, and fit" for Mary, there was no store of wine and beer at the castle.<ref>Joseph Bain, ''Calendar of State Papers Scotland'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 428 no. 698, 436 no. 703, 437 no. 706.</ref>
Further additions were made in the early 17th century for [[Lord William Howard]] when he took up residence with his children and grandchildren at Naworth. His heir, Philip, was the grandfather of [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle]], and his younger son Francis was the ancestor of the [[Henry Howard (historian)|Howards of Corby]].
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On Saturday, 18 May 1844, the castle caught fire, possibly as a result of the ignition of some soot in the flue of the Porter's Lodge. The structure's lack of internal walls allowed the fire to spread rapidly, and it remained unchecked until it reached the northern wing. Although some property was saved, by the time two fire engines had arrived by train from Carlisle, most of the roof had collapsed and the fire had spread to nearly every room on the three sides of the quadrangle. Water had to be passed in buckets from a rivulet at the foot of a steep hill on the north side of the castle. "Belted Will's Tower" was saved, while the fire continued until around one o'clock on Sunday morning, when it was brought under control.<ref name=Whit>{{cite book|title=An Historical & Descriptive Account of Naworth Castle, and Lanercost Priory: With a Life of Lord William Howard, and an Account of the Destruction of Naworth Castle by Fire, May 18th, 1844|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI4xAQAAMAAJ|year=1844|publisher=I. Fletcher Whitridge|page=vii-x1}}</ref> Subsequent restoration was undertaken by the architect [[Anthony Salvin]].<ref name=BWM />
Following the fire, some rooms changed including the former chapel which is now the library. Post the 1844 fire, much of the castle's decor was influenced by 19th century Pre-Raphaelite designs. In the current library there is a bas-relief over the fireplace, designed by [[Edward Burne-Jones]] and [[Joseph Edgar Boehm|Sir Edgar Boehm]],
===Pre-Raphaelite links===
[[George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle]] was a friend and important patron to a number of artists in the Pre-Raphaelite circle, especially Burne-Jones, as well as those in the [[Arts and Crafts movement]] such as [[Walter Crane]] and early aesthetic artists like [[Edward Lear]].
Pre-Raphaelites like Burne-Jones, [[William Morris]], and [[Philip Webb]] would often visit Naworth to work with Howard as well as producing designs and buildings within the local region. They sometimes holidayed there, often taking their families with them. George Howard's painting of William Morris' daughters, "May and Jenny Morris at Naworth Castle", was
As well as Naworth Castle and Castle Howard, George Howard lived at 1 Palace Green, Kensington, a house designed for him by Webb and decorated by Burne-Jones and Morris. Webb later built two houses for his Naworth Castle Estate, Four Gables and Green Lane House, the latter intended for the vicar.
During a visit by William Morris at the castle in August 1874, he wrote a letter to [[Aglaia Coronio]]
===20th and 21st Centuries===
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From 1939 to 1940, Naworth was occupied by [[Rossall School]] from [[Fleetwood]] in Lancashire, which had been evacuated from its own buildings by various government departments.
It is currently occupied by the Hon. Philip Howard, younger brother and [[heir presumptive]] of the [[George Howard, 13th Earl of Carlisle|13th Earl of Carlisle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naworth.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Naworth Castle|publisher=Naworth Castle|
==Notable owners/residents==
*[[Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre]]
*[[Philippa de Neville]]
*[[Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre]]
*[[Joan Dacre, 7th Baroness Dacre]]
*[[Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre]]
*[[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre]]
*[[Magdalen Dacre]]
*[[Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel]]
*[[Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle]]
*[[George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle]]
==Miscellanea==
*The castle has a well-preserved [[priest hole]].
* [[Francis Galton]], cousin of [[Charles Darwin]], is said to have invented the concept of [[correlation]] at Naworth. Having been given permission to ramble through the
* Sir [[Walter Scott]] described the castle as: <blockquote>"one of those extensive baronial seats which marked the splendour of our ancient nobles, before they exchanged the hospitable magnificence of a life spent among a numerous tenantry, for the uncertain honours of court attendance, and the equivocal rewards of ministerial favour."<ref name=Whit /></blockquote>
*
==See also==
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