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Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world,<ref name="Farrelly">{{cite book |last=Farrelly |first=David |title=The Book of Bamboo |publisher=Sierra Club Books |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-87156-825-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofbamboo00farr}}</ref> due to a unique [[rhizome]]-dependent system. Certain species of bamboo can grow {{convert|91|cm|in|abbr=off}} within a 24-hour period, at a rate of almost {{convert|40|mm|in|frac=4|sp=us}} an hour (equivalent to 1 mm every 90 seconds).<ref name=Guinness>{{cite web |website=Guinness World Records |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/fastest-growing-plant/ |title=Fastest growing plant |access-date=22 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903081941/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/fastest-growing-plant |archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> Growth up to 120 centimeters (47.6 inches) in 24 hours has been observed in the instance of Japanese giant timber bamboo (''[[Phyllostachys bambusoides]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Austin |first1=Robert |last2=Ueda |first2=Koishiro |date=1970 |title=Bamboo |location=New York |publisher=Walker/Weatherhill |page=193}}</ref> This rapid growth and tolerance for [[marginal land]], make bamboo a good candidate for [[afforestation]], [[carbon sequestration]] and [[climate change mitigation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Lal |last2=Sridharan |first2=Srinidhi |last3=Thul |first3=Sanjog T. |last4=Kokate |first4=Piyush |last5=Kumar |first5=Phani |last6=Kumar |first6=Sunil |last7=Kumar |first7=Rakesh |date=2020-11-01 |title=Eco-rejuvenation of degraded land by microbe assisted bamboo plantation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669020307123 |journal=Industrial Crops and Products |volume=155 |pages=112795 |doi=10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112795 |s2cid=225025086 |issn=0926-6690}}</ref><ref name="Masisi 100009">{{Cite journal |last1=Masisi |first1=Bhoke |last2=Zabel |first2=Astrid |last3=Blaser |first3=Jürgen |last4=Augustino |first4=Suzana |date=2022-12-01 |title=Fighting climate change with bamboo in Africa: The case of Kyela, Rungwe and Mufindi districts – Tanzania |journal=Advances in Bamboo Science |volume=1 |pages=100009 |doi=10.1016/j.bamboo.2022.100009 |s2cid=253535691 |issn=2773-1391|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022AdBS....100009M }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Raushan |last2=Thangaraju |first2=Mohan Manu |last3=Kumar |first3=Manoj |last4=Thul |first4=Sanjog Tarachand |last5=Pandey |first5=Vimal Chandra |last6=Yadav |first6=Swati |last7=Singh |first7=Lal |last8=Kumar |first8=Sunil |date=2021-07-01 |title=Ecological restoration of coal fly ash–dumped area through bamboo plantation |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12995-7 |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |language=en |volume=28 |issue=25 |pages=33416–33432 |doi=10.1007/s11356-021-12995-7 |pmid=33641101 |bibcode=2021ESPR...2833416K |s2cid=232067180 |issn=1614-7499}}</ref>
Bamboo is versatile and has notable economic and cultural significance in [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[East Asia]], being used for [[building material]]s, as a [[Bamboo shoot|food source]], and as a raw product, and depicted often in arts, such as in [[bamboo painting]]s and [[bambooworking]]. Bamboo, like [[wood]], is a natural [[composite material]] with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.<ref name=Lakkad /> Bamboo's strength-to-weight ratio is similar to [[timber]], and its strength is generally similar to a strong [[softwood]] or [[hardwood]] timber.<ref name=Kaminski1>{{cite journal |title=Structural use of bamboo. Part 1: Introduction to bamboo |last1=Kaminski|first1=S.|last2=Lawrence|first2=A.|last3=Trujillo|first3=D.|journal=The Structural Engineer |volume=94 |issue=8 |date=2016 |pages=40–43|doi=10.56330/PNSC8891 |url=https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/files/4012225/Bamboo%20Paper%201%20-%20Intro%20V11.6%20FINAL%20FOR%20ISTRUCTE.pdf }}</ref><ref name=Kaminski2>{{cite journal |title=Structural use of bamboo. Part 3: Design values |last1=Kaminski |first1=S. |last2=Lawrence |first2=A. |last3=Trujillo |first3=D. |last4=Feltham |first4=I. |last5=Felipe López |first5=L. |journal=The Structural Engineer |volume=94 |issue=12 |date=2016 |pages=42–45|doi=10.56330/JCLL5610 |url=https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/files/4057280/Bamboo%20Paper%203%20-%20Values%20V13.2%20FINAL%20FOR%20ISTRUCTE.pdf }}</ref> Some bamboo species have displayed remarkable strength under test conditions. ''Bambusa tulda'' of [[Bangladesh]] and adjoining [[India]] has tested as high as 60,000 psi (400 MPa) in [[tensile strength]].<ref>{{cite book | last= McClure | first= Floyd A. |date= 1948 | title= 1948 Yearbook of Agriculture - Grasses | location= Washington, D.C. | publisher= United States Department of Agriculture | page= 738}}</ref> Other bamboo species make extraordinarily hard material. ''Bambusa tabacaria'' of [[China]] contains so much [[silica]] that it will make sparks when struck by an axe.<ref>{{cite book | last= Farrelly | first= David | date= 1984 | title= The Book of Bamboo | location= San Francisco |publisher= Sierra Club Books | page= 143 }}</ref>
==Taxonomy==
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Bamboo or wooden strips were used as the standard writing material during the early [[Han dynasty]], and excavated examples have been found in abundance.<ref>{{cite book |last=Loewe |first=Michael |title=New Sources of Early Chinese History |publisher=Society for the Study of Early China |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-55729-058-8 |editor=Edward L. Shaughnessy |pages=161–192 |chapter=Wood and bamboo administrative documents of the Han period}}</ref> Subsequently, [[History of paper|paper]] began to displace bamboo and wooden strips from mainstream uses, and by the fourth century AD, bamboo slips had been largely abandoned as a medium for writing in China.
Bamboo fiber has been used to make paper in China since early times. A high-quality, handmade bamboo paper is still produced in small quantities. Coarse bamboo paper is still used to make [[Joss paper|spirit money]] in many Chinese communities.<ref name="spiritpaper">{{cite journal |last1=Perdue |first1=Robert E. |last2=Kraebel |first2=Charles J. |author3=Tao Kiang |date=April 1961 |title=Bamboo Mechanical Pulp for Manufacture of Chinese Ceremonial Paper |journal=Economic Botany |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=161–164 |doi=10.1007/BF02904089 |bibcode=1961EcBot..15..161P |s2cid=9556185}}</ref>
Bamboo [[pulp (paper)|pulps]] are mainly produced in China, [[Myanmar]], Thailand, and India, and are used in [[printing and writing paper]]s.<ref name="Market pulp">{{cite book |last=Nanko |first=Hirko |title=The World of Market Pulp |author2=Button, Allan |author3=Hillman, Dave |publisher=WOMP, LLC |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-615-13013-2 |location=Appleton, WI, US |page=256}}</ref> Several paper industries are surviving on [[bamboo forests]]. Ballarpur (Chandrapur, Maharstra) paper mills use bamboo for paper production. The most common bamboo species used for paper are ''[[Dendrocalamus asper]]'' and ''[[Bambusa blumeana]]''. It is also possible to make [[dissolving pulp]] from bamboo. The average fiber length is similar to [[hardwoods]], but the properties of bamboo pulp are closer to [[softwood]] pulps due to it having a very broad fiber length distribution.<ref name="Market pulp" /> With the help of molecular tools, it is now possible to distinguish the superior fiber-yielding species/varieties even at juvenile stages of their growth, which can help in unadulterated merchandise production.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=S. |title=Tropical Bamboo: Molecular profiling and genetic diversity study |publisher=Lambert Academic Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-8383-7422-2}}</ref>
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