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In 1912, China adopted its official name, '''Chunghwa Minkuo''' (rendered in pinyin '''Zhōnghuá Mínguó''') or in English as the "Republic of China", which has also sometimes been referred to as "[[History of the Republic of China|Republican China]]" or the "Republican Era" ({{lang|zh-Hant|民國時代}}), in contrast to the [[Qing dynasty]] it replaced, or as "'''[[Nationalist Government|Nationalist China]]'''", after the ruling Chinese Nationalist Party ([[Kuomintang]]). {{lang|zh-Hant|中華}} (''Chunghwa'') is a term that pertains to "China", while {{lang|zh-Hant|民國}} (''Minkuo''), literally "People's State" or "Peopledom", stands for "republic"..<ref>{{lang|zh-Hant|《中華民國教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》:「以其位居四方之中，文化美盛，故稱其地為『中華』。」}}</ref><ref>Wilkinson. ''Chinese History: A Manual.'' p. 32.</ref> The name stems from the party manifesto of [[Tongmenghui]] in 1905, which says the four goals of the Chinese revolution were "to expel the Manchu rulers, to revive ''Chunghwa'', to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people. The convener of Tongmenghui and Chinese revolutionary leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] proposed the name ''Chunghwa Minkuo'' as the assumed name of the new country when the revolution succeeded.
Since the separation from mainland China in 1949 as a result of the [[Chinese Civil War]], the territory of the Republic of China has largely been confined to the island of Taiwan and some other small islands. Thus, the country is often simply referred to as simply "Taiwan", although this may not be perceived as politically neutral. Amid the hostile rhetoric of the [[Cold War]], the government and its supporters sometimes referred to themselves as "Free China" or "Liberal China", in contrast to the People's Republic of China, which was historically called the "Bandit-occupied Area" ({{lang|zh-Hant|匪區}}) by the ROC. In addition, the ROC, due to pressure from the PRC,
Taiwanese politician Mei Feng had criticised the official English name of the state, "Republic of China", for failing to translate the Chinese character "Min" ({{Zh|t=民}}; English: people) according to Sun Yat-sen's original interpretations, while the name should instead be translated as "the People's Republic of China", which confuses with the current official name of China under communist control.<ref>Mei Feng. {{cite web |title=中華民國應譯為「PRC」 |url=http://www.open.com.hk/content.php?id=1922#.VkolgHYveUk |publisher=开放网 |access-date=2022-05-25 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015955/http://www.open.com.hk/content.php?id=1922#.VkolgHYveUk |url-status=live }}2014-07-12</ref> To avoid confusion, the [[Chen Shui-ban]] led [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]] administration began to add "Taiwan" next to the nation's official name since 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |author=BBC 中文網 |date=2005-08-29 |script-title=<!-- Citation bot leave it -->zh:論壇：台總統府網頁加注“台灣” |trans-title=Forum: Adding "Taiwan" to the website of Taiwan's Presidential Office |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |publisher=BBC 中文網 |language=zh-hant |quote=台總統府公共事務室陳文宗上周六（7月30日）表示，外界人士易把中華民國（Republic of China），誤認為對岸的中國，造成困擾和不便。公共事務室指出，為了明確區別，決定自周六起於中文[[繁体字|繁體]]、[[简化字|簡體]]的[[中華民國總統府|總統府]]網站中，在「中華民國」之後，以括弧加注「臺灣」。[Chen Wen-tsong, Public Affairs Office of Taiwan's Presidential Office, stated last Saturday (30 July) that outsiders tend to mistake the Chung-hua Min-kuo (Republic of China) for China on the other side, causing trouble and inconvenience. The Public Affairs Office pointed out that in order to clarify the distinction, it was decided to add "Taiwan" in brackets after "Republic of China" on the website of the Presidential Palace in traditional and simplified Chinese starting from Saturday.] |accessdate=2007-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Names used in the parts of Asia, especially East and Southeast Asia, are usually derived directly from words in one of the [[languages of China]]. Those languages belonging to a former dependency (tributary) or Chinese-influenced country have an especially similar pronunciation to that of Chinese. Those used in [[Indo-European languages]], however, have indirect names that came via other routes and may bear little resemblance to what is used in China.
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{{Further|Chinas}}
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