Music of Morocco: Difference between revisions

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'''Moroccan music''' varies greatly between geographic regions and social groups. It is influenced by musical styles including [[BerberArabic music|AmazighArab]], [[Andalusian classicalBerber music|AndalusiBerber]], [[ArabicAndalusian classical music|ArabAndalusi]], [[History of the Mediterranean region|Mediterranean]], [[Music of Western Sahara|Saharan]], [[Music of Africa|West African]], and others.

Musical styles vary by geography. [[Andalusian classical music|Andalusi music]] and [[melhoune|''malhun'']] are associated with urban centers in the north, [[Chaabi (Morocco)|''chaabi'']] and [[Aita (Morocco)|''aita'']] are associated with the Atlantic coastal plains, ''[[reggada]]'' is associated with the [[Iznasen|Beni-Znassen]] region ( [[Oujda]], [[Berkane]]..), [[Gnawa music|gnawa]] with [[Essaouira]] and Marrakesh, ''[[ahidus]]'' with the [[Middle Atlas]], ''[[ahwash]]'' with the [[Sous]] region, and ''[[guedra]]'' in the Sahara.

There are many varieties of Berber folk music and dance, such as [[Rif]], [[Eastern Middle Atlas Berber|Atlas]], [[Chawia]], and [[Music of the Canary Islands|Canaria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agraw - Amazigh Music|url=http://www.agraw.com/amazigh-music/|website=www.agraw.com|date=18 June 2010 |access-date=2022-02-02}}</ref>

''[[Guedra]]'' is a music and dance style associated with the [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] "blue people" of the [[Southern Provinces|Moroccan sahara]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=AlZayer|first=Penni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvagQ_5vTLkC&pg=PA45 |title=Middle Eastern Dance|date=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-60413-482-7|language=en}}</ref> The name comes from an earthen cookingware over which a hide is stretched to form a drum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Au festival Taragalte, les femmes du Sahara entre traditions et guitares électriques|url=https://www.telerama.fr/musique/au-festival-taragalte,-les-femmes-du-sahara-entre-traditions-et-guitares-electriques,n5319316.php|website=Télérama.fr|date=3 November 2017 |language=fr|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>

In 2021, the anthology of the art of "Rrways - a journey into the realm of Amazigh wandering poet- singers", presenting a booklet and ten compact discs with current recordings received the ' Prix Coups de Cœur - Musiques du Monde' of the [[Académie Charles Cros]]s in France.<ref>{{Cite web|last=El Bayane|date=2021-03-11|title=L’AnthologieL'Anthologie sur l’artl'art des Rrways primée en France|url=https://www.msn.com/fr-xl/afrique-du-nord/other/l-anthologie-sur-l-art-des-rrways-prim%C3%A9e-en-france/ar-BB1eu7zs?getstaticpage=true|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

[[File:ربابة معرضة في دار الآلة بمدينة الدار البيضاء المغربية.jpg|thumb|A [[Maghreb rebab]] on display at [[Dar al-Aala]], a museum and conservatory dedicated to Andalusi musical heritage located in Casablanca.]]{{Main|Andalusi music}}

Andalusi classical music ({{lang-langx|ar|طرب أندَلُسي, موسيقى الآلة}} transliterated ''ṭarab andalusi'' or ''Musiqa al-Ala'', Spanish: música andalusí) is a major genre of [[Arabic music]] found in different local substyles across the [[Maghreb]] (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya in the form of the [[Ma'luf]] style). It originated in the music of [[Al-Andalus]] (Muslim Iberia) between the 9th and 15th centuries.

Chaabi ({{lang-langx|ar|الشعبي|links=no}}, meaning ''popular'' in English) is a music consisting of numerous varieties which descend from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Chaabi was originally performed in markets, but is now found at any celebration or meeting.

Morocco has produced its own stars like [[Cheb Mimoun El Oujdi]] and [[Hanino]]. Rai music originated from Algeria, but is just as effective and popular in Morocco. This style of music was created during a period of political turmoil, and served a purpose of social and political commentary. Rai music has gained massive support over the years from the urban populace for its purpose of addressing taboo topics.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McMurray|first1=David|last2=Swedenburg|first2=Ted|date=1991|title=Rai Tide Rising|journal=Middle East Report|issue=169|pages=39–42|doi=10.2307/3012952|jstor=3012952|issn=0899-2851}}</ref> It was also greatly known for [[Code-switching|code switching]] between French and Arabic. Rai artists use this method to add to the rhetorical and aesthetic effect of the lyrics, as well as a method of opening the lyrics to a wider range of an audience.

Gnawa music is a m[[mysticism|ysticalmystical]] form of music and incantation of West African origin. It was initially brought to Morocco by [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]ns and gradually became part of the Moroccan musical tradition. The gnawa musicians are respected for their spiritual performances. Through oral traditions, they have handed down a specific cultural ceremony, called ''derdeba'' or ''lila,'' which consists of song, dance, the burning of incense and of specific costumes and colours. The instruments used are large drums called “{{transl|ar|[[Davul|tbel]]}}” or “{{transl|ar|qanqa}}” and metal double castanets called “{{transl|ar|garageb}}”. The main instrument is a three-stringed bass [[lute]], called the “''[[Sintir|gimbri]]''” accompanied by the chanting of the singers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weissleder|first=Wolfgang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRyqfpi5BKcC&q=Gnawa+ceremony&pg=PA319|title=The Nomadic Alternative: Modes and Models of Interaction in the African-Asian Deserts and Steppes|date=2011-06-15|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-081023-3|language=en}}</ref>

=== Hip- hop ===

Notable Moroccan [[hip- hop musiciansmusic]]ians include [[L'Morphine]], [[ElGrandeToto|El Grande Toto]], [[:fr:Don_Bigg|Don Big]], [[7liwaDizzy DROS|Dizzy Dros]], and others. Among the younger generation there are [[Issam (rapper)|Issam]], [[JIMMY BLANKA (music artists from north Morocco)]] and [[Manal (singer)|Manal Benchlikha]].{{cn|date=December 2022}}

*{{Cite web|last=Schuyler|first=Philip |title=Morocco, Kingdom of |series=Grove Music online |url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000019156|date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1 |language=en |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.19156|isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 }}

[[Category:MoroccanMusic musicof Morocco| ]]