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'''Singapore Airlines Flight 006''' was
==
The aircraft involved in the accident was a [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-412]], Tropical Megatop Livery, registered as 9V-SPK with [[Serial number|manufacturer serial number]] 28023, powered by four [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000|Pratt & Whitney PW4056]] engines. It was the 1,099th Boeing 747 built and its [[Maiden flight|first flight]] took place on 12 January 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=9V-SPK - Singapore Airlines |url=https://www.flightera.net/en/planes/9V-SPK |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Flightera |language=en}}</ref> It was one of two Singapore Airlines 747-412s painted in a special "Rainbow" livery to promote Singapore Airlines' latest cabin product and service offerings across all of the airline's travel classes at the time. The aircraft performed its last maintenance check on 16 September 2000 and had no defects during the inspection and at the time of the accident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1000882.stm|title=Boeing's workhorse|date=31 October 2000|work=BBC News|access-date=10 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113160824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/1000882.stm|archive-date=13 January 2008}}</ref>▼
=== Aircraft ===
The [[Pilot in command|pilot-in-command]] of the aircraft was Captain Foong Chee Kong (41). He was an experienced pilot with a total of 11,235 flight hours, of which 2,017 were in Boeing 747-400 aircraft. The [[First officer (aviation)|co-pilot]], First Officer Latiff Cyrano (36), had 2,442 total flight hours, including 552 hours on the Boeing 747-400. The third and nonoperating crew member for this sector was a [[In-flight crew relief|relief pilot]], First Officer Ng Kheng Leng (38), with about 5,508 total flight hours, including 4,518 hours on the Boeing 747-400.<ref name="ASCReport2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asc.gov.tw/author_files/SQ006_ENG.pdf|title=Crashed on a partially closed runway during takeoff Singapore Airlines Flight 006 Boeing 747-400, 9V-SPK CKS Airport, Taoyuan, Taiwan 31 October 2000|publisher=Aviation Safety Council|location=Republic of China (Taiwan)|id=ASC-AAR-02-04-001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928135643/http://www.asc.gov.tw/author_files/SQ006_ENG.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2007|access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref>▼
▲The aircraft involved
=== Crew ===
▲The [[Pilot in command|pilot-in-command]] of the aircraft was Captain Foong Chee Kong (41) ({{Lang-zh|c=方志剛|s=|t=|p=Fāng Zhìgāng}}). He was an experienced pilot with a total of 11,235 flight hours, of which 2,017 were
== Accident ==
[[File:Xangsane 2000 track.png|thumb|Diagram of Typhoon Xangsane's path
At 23:00 [[Taipei]] local time (15:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 31 October 2000,<ref name="ASCReport2" /> the aircraft left Bay B5<ref name="FateSQ006CNA2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/about.htm|title=Fate of SQ006|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=31 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105002156/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/about.htm|archive-date=5 November 2008}}</ref> of Chiang Kai-shek International Airport during heavy rain caused by [[Tropical cyclone|Typhoon]] [[Typhoon Xangsane (2000)|Xangsane]]. At 23:05:57, ground control cleared the aircraft to taxi to runway 05L via taxiways SS, WC, and NP.<ref name="FateSQ006CNA2" /> At 23:15:22, the aircraft was cleared for takeoff on runway 05L.<ref name="FateSQ006CNA2" />▼
▲At
After a six-second hold, at 23:16:36, the crew attempted takeoff on runway 05R—which had been closed for repairs—instead of the assigned runway 05L (which ran parallel to 05R). The captain correctly acknowledged that he needed to take off at 05L, but he turned the aircraft {{Convert|215|m|ft|abbr=on}} too soon and lined up with 05R.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1005503.stm|title=Last seconds of doomed airliner|date=3 November 2000|work=BBC News|access-date=10 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117070140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1005503.stm|archive-date=17 January 2008}}</ref> The airport at the time was not equipped with [[Airport surveillance and broadcast systems#Airport Surface Detection Equipment|ASDE]], which is a ground radar that enables air traffic controllers to detect potential runway conflicts by providing very detailed coverage of movement on both runways and [[Taxiway|taxiways]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/0411special.htm|title=SQ Special Part One – Tragedy in Taipei|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=10 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201215925/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/0411special.htm|archive-date=1 December 2007}}</ref>
[[File: SA006 Runway.png|thumb|Diagram of Chiang Kai-shek International Airport and the taxi path of SQ006: The dotted green line indicates the intended route to Runway 05L. The yellow arrow indicates the path to Runway 05R. The red path is the way the pilots went.]] Because visibility was poor in the heavy rain, the pilots did not see == Casualties ==
[[File: SQ006 casualty being carried away.jpg|thumb|Rescuers retrieving a
At the time of the crash, 179 passengers and crew,<ref name="getformesingapore12">{{Cite web|url=http://www.getforme.com/tragedy_sq006_passengerandcrewlist.htm|title=Singapore SQ006 Crash – Complete List of Passengers & Crew|work=Getforme Singapore|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123065638/http://getforme.com/tragedy_sq006_passengerandcrewlist.htm|archive-date=23 January 2009|access-date=31 October 2008}}</ref> including three children and three infants, were on the aircraft. Of the 179 occupants, 83 were killed, 39 suffered from serious injuries, and 32 had minor injuries, while 25 were uninjured.<ref name="FateSQ006CNA2" /> Four crew members and 77 passengers died on impact immediately after the crash and two passengers died at hospital.<ref name="Fatal error2" /> Most of the passengers onboard the flight were Taiwanese or Americans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/0511special.htm|title=SQ Special Part Two – Tragedy in Taipei|work=Channel NewsAsia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410103556/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/0511special.htm|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref>
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!rowspan=2|Nationality<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.singaporeair.com/report4b.html|title=Passengers / Crew Name List SQ 006 Taipei - Los Angeles 31 October 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001202100600/http://www.singaporeair.com/report4b.html|date=2 November 2000|archive-date=2 December 2000|publisher=Singapore Airlines|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cnadeadlist">{{Cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/deceasedlist.htm|title=Passengers and crew who died in the SQ006 crash|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414215459/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/deceasedlist.htm|archive-date=14 April 2009|work=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref>|| colspan="3" |Passengers||colspan=3|Crew||colspan=3|Total
|-bgcolor=ccccff
!Total!!Died!!Survived!!Total!!
|-
|Australia||1||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||1
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|Indonesia||5||1||4||0||0||0||5||1||4
|-
|Ireland||1||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||1
|-
|Japan||1||1||0||0||0||0||1||1||0
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=== Origin of passengers and crew and types of injuries sustained ===
[[File:Sa747-400006.png|thumb|Diagram of 9V-SPK illustrating crew and passenger seat locations, lack of injury, severity of injuries, and deaths.]]
The captain, co-pilot, and relief pilot originated from Singapore on another SQ006 flight the day before the accident, rested at a hotel in Taipei, and boarded SQ006 on 31 October.<ref name="ASCReport2" /> All three flight crew members survived the crash. The pilot and relief pilot sustained no injuries, while the co-pilot received minor injuries.<ref name="ASCReport2" /> Of the 17 cabin crew members, four died, four received serious injuries, and 9 received minor injuries.<ref name="ASCReport2" />
Of the passengers, 79 died,
The flight carried five first-class passengers, 28 business-class passengers (9 on lower deck and 19 on upper deck), and 126 economy-class passengers.<ref name="ASCReport2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0010/31/bn.26.html|title=CNN Transcript – Breaking News: Fatalities Reported in Singapore Airlines Crash – 31 October 2000|work=CNN Transcript|access-date=31 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207222633/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0010/31/bn.26.html|archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> Of the first-class passengers, one received a minor injury and four received no injuries. Of the business-class passengers, 14 (two on lower deck, 12 on upper deck) died, two (one on lower deck, one on upper deck) received serious injuries, seven (two on lower deck, five on upper deck) received minor injuries, and eight (four on lower deck, four on upper deck) were uninjured. Of the economy-class passengers, 65 died, 33 received serious injuries, 14 received minor injuries, and 11 were uninjured.<ref name="ASCReport2" /> The lower-deck passengers who died were seated in rows 22 through 38.<ref name="ASCReport2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seatexpert.com/_SQ_Boeing_747_400_V1.html|title=SeatExpert Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 Version 1|publisher=SeatExpert|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916080445/http://www.seatexpert.com/_SQ_Boeing_747_400_V1.html|archive-date=16 September 2008|access-date=31 October 2008}}</ref> Sixty-four of 76 passengers in the forward economy section were killed by the explosion of the centre fuel tank, which resulted in intense fire.<ref name="ASCReportPg32" /> In the upper deck of the business-class section, 12 of 19 passengers and one of two flight attendants died from smoke inhalation and fire;<ref name="ASCReportPg32" /> 10 bodies, originating from the upper deck of business class, were found between the stairwell and the 2L exit on the main deck.<ref name="ASCReportPg32" /> All passengers in the aft economy section survived.<ref name="ASCReportPg32" />
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== Investigation findings ==
[[File:Singapore Airlines Flight 006 wreckage.png|thumb|The remains of 9V-SPK's forward section
[[File:Singapore Airlines Flight 006 wreckage 2.png|thumb|The broken-off tail section of 9V-SPK
An investigation into the accident was conducted by the [[Taiwan Transportation Safety Board|Aviation Safety Council]] (ASC) of Taiwan. The final report was issued by the ASC on 24 April 2002. The report section "Findings Related to Probable Causes", which detailed factors that played a major role in the circumstances leading to the accident, stated that the flight crew did not review the taxi route, despite having all the relevant charts, and as a result did not know the aircraft had entered the wrong runway. Upon entering the wrong runway, the flight crew had neglected to check the paravisual display <!-- (PVD) --> and the [[primary flight display]]<!-- (PFD) -->, which would have indicated that the aircraft was lined up on the wrong runway. According to the ASC, these errors, coupled with the imminent arrival of the typhoon and the poor weather conditions, caused the flight crew to lose situational awareness and led them to attempt to take off from the wrong runway.<ref name="asn" /><ref name="ASCReport2" /><!-- It's unclear to me why this matters; if someone can enlighten me, please explain on Talk and remove this comment: Under the report's 'Findings Related to Risk', which are risky or unsafe elements identified in the investigation that may or may not have contributed to the accident, one of the factors mentioned was that the first series of taxiway lights leading to Runway 05L was damaged. -->
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== Contesting investigation findings ==
The report by ASC was deemed controversial by Singapore's [[Ministry of Transport (Singapore)|Ministry of Transport]],<ref name="
▲The report by ASC was deemed controversial by Singapore's [[Ministry of Transport (Singapore)|Ministry of Transport]],<ref name="Singapore MOT Comments">{{Cite web|date=26 April 2002|title=Singapore MOT's Comments to the Final Report of the Investigation into The SQ006 Accident|publisher=Singapore Ministry of Transport|url=http://www.mot.gov.sg/News-Centre/News/2002/Singapore-MOT-s-Comments-To-The-Final-Report-Of-The-Investigation-Into-The-SQ006-Accident/|url-status=dead|access-date=26 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415212813/http://www.mot.gov.sg/News-Centre/News/2002/Singapore-MOT-s-Comments-To-The-Final-Report-Of-The-Investigation-Into-The-SQ006-Accident/|archive-date=15 April 2016}}</ref> Singapore Airlines, and the [[International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations]] (IFALPA), among others.<ref name="anger over report2">{{Cite news|date=26 April 2002|title=Singapore anger at Taiwan crash report|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1953116.stm|url-status=live|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201033409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1953116.stm}}</ref>
Singaporean officials protested that the report did not present a full account of the incident and was incomplete, as responsibility for the accident appeared to have been placed mainly on the flight crew of SQ006, while other equally valid contributing factors had been played down.<ref name="
Singapore Airlines also issued a statement after the release of the ASC report. In their statement, Singapore Airlines reiterated the points brought up by the Singapore investigators and added that the [[air traffic controller]] <!-- (ATC) --> did not follow their own procedure when they gave clearance for SQ006 to take off despite their not being able to see the aircraft. Singapore Airlines also clarified that the paravisual display <!-- (PVD) --> was meant to help the flight crew maintain the runway centreline in poor visibility, rather than to identify the runway in use.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 March 2001|title=Investigation to Focus on Human Factors and Emergency Evacuation|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_10_15/ai_71324788/|work=CBS Business Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205044410/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_10_15/ai_71324788|archive-date=5 December 2006|access-date=25 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
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== Aftermath ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Boeing 747-412, Singapore Airlines AN1403870.jpg
| alt1 = 9V-SPL in "Tropical" livery
| caption1 = 9V-SPL, sister plane to the accident aircraft, seen at [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] still wearing the "Tropical" livery in November 2000
| image2 = SIA Boeing 747-400, SIN.jpg
| alt2 = 9V-SPL in standard livery
| caption2
}}
The accident aircraft 9V-SPK was painted in a [[Aircraft livery#Specialized liveries|special livery]] called "Rainbow" (commonly referred to as "Tropical" or "Tropical Megatop") at the time of the accident. The livery was unveiled in September 1998 in conjunction with the launch of Singapore Airlines' latest cabin product and service offerings across all of the airline's travel classes at the time.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Journey with Singapore Airlines that Spans over 20 Years: SIA Rainbow Aircraft Global Launch |url=http://www.mla.com.sg/fwp_portfolio/sia-journey/ |website=MLA |access-date=2 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Spicer |first= Stuart |year=2001 |title=Dream Schemes II: Exotic Airliner Art |publisher=[[The Quarto Group|Motorbooks International]] |page=83 |isbn=0-7603-1196-X |oclc=50715137 }}</ref> After the accident, 9V-SPL, another aircraft painted with the same livery, was removed from service and repainted with the standard Singapore Airlines livery. Only after 15 years did the airline introduce another special livery, this time on two of its [[Airbus A380]] aircraft in conjunction with Singapore's 50th National Day celebrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Airlines A380s Adopt Special Livery To Celebrate Singapore's 50th |url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/bn/media-centre/press-release/article/?q=en_UK%2F2015%2FApril-June%2F28May2015-1029 |website=Singapore Airlines |access-date=1 November 2021 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101061752/https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/bn/media-centre/press-release/article/?q=en_UK%2F2015%2FApril-June%2F28May2015-1029 |url-status=live }}</ref>
About two weeks after the accident, Singapore Airlines changed the Singapore–Taipei–Los Angeles route flight number from SQ006 to SQ30. The return flight to Singapore, SQ005, was also changed to SQ29.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/today20001202-1.2.4|title=SQ006 no more. It's now called SQ30|last=Thenabadu|first=Mahesha|newspaper=TODAY Singapore|publisher=E-Resources National Library Board Singapore|date=2 December 2000|access-date=2 August 2021|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802133025/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/today20001202-1.2.4|url-status=live}}</ref>
After the release of the ASC report, [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) public [[prosecutors]] called upon the flight crew of SQ006 to return to the ROC for questioning and the three-member crew complied. Rumours abounded at the time that the pilots might be detained in the ROC and charged with negligence. IFALPA had previously stated that it would advise its members of the difficulties of operating into the ROC if the flight crew of SQ006 were prosecuted. The prosecutors did not press charges and the flight crew were allowed to leave the ROC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/sq006-pilots-may-face-crash-charges/42682.article|title=SQ006 pilots may face crash charges|work=Flightglobal|date=7 May 2002|access-date=2 August 2021|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802133023/https://www.flightglobal.com/sq006-pilots-may-face-crash-charges/42682.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Repatriation of bodies ===
By 8 November 2000, several bodies were scheduled to be repatriated. Of the bodies:<ref name="Release182">{{Cite web|url=http://www.singaporeair.com/report18.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001202074900/http://www.singaporeair.com/report18.html|title=News Release 18|publisher=Singapore Airlines|date=8 November 2000|archive-date=2 December 2000|access-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
*
*
*
*4 were repatriated to Malaysia.<ref name="cnadeadlist">{{Cite news |title=Passengers and crew who died in the SQ006 crash |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/deceasedlist.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414215459/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/cna/sq006/deceasedlist.htm |archive-date=14 April 2009 |work=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref>
*
*1 was repatriated to
*1 was repatriated to
*1 was repatriated to the
*1 was repatriated to
*1 was repatriated to Vietnam.<ref name="cnadeadlist" />
The bodies of 14 Taiwanese passengers and the others remained in Taipei to be collected by relatives.<ref name="Release182" />
=== Hospitalization and release of survivors ===
By 2 November 2000, 40 passengers and crew were hospitalized, of whom 11 were released later that night.<ref name="Release92">{{Cite web|url=http://www.singaporeair.com/report9.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001109005000/http://www.singaporeair.com/report9.html|title=News Release 9|publisher=Singapore Airlines|date=2 November 2000|archive-date=9 November 2000}}</ref> On 5 November 2000, 34 passengers and crew remained hospitalized.
== In popular culture ==
The accident and its subsequent investigation process was dramatized into a documentary titled as "Caution to the Wind" as the third episode of the twelfth season of the Canadian TV series ''[[Mayday (Canadian TV series)|Mayday]]'' (also known as ''Air Crash Investigation'').<ref>{{Citation |title=Air Crash Investigation Season 12 |url=https://archive.org/details/aci12 |access-date=2024-08-17}}</ref> A movie titled as ''Thread That Binds'' includes an interview with a surviving flight attendant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.corporate.mediacorp.sg/progsales/progsales_new.asp?id=310&type=news&version=english|title=MediaCorp News Programme Showcase: Thread That Binds|work=MediaCorp|access-date=31 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206022737/http://www.corporate.mediacorp.sg/progsales/progsales_new.asp?id=310&type=news&version=english|archive-date=6 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also ==
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