Tōkaidō Main Line: Difference between revisions

| logo = {{JRLS|JT|size=2550}} [[File:JR Central Tokaido Line.svg|25px50px]] [[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|25px50px]]

| image = Tokaido-Line-Series-E233-3000.jpg{{Multiple image

| operator = [[File:JR_logo_(east).svg|20px|link=]] [[JR East]]<br />[[File:JR_logo_(central).svg|20px|link=]] [[JR Central]]<br />[[File:JR_logo_(west).svg|20px|link=]] [[JR West]]<br />[[File:JR_logo_(freight).svg|20px|link=]] [[JR Freight]]

The term "Tōkaidō Main Line" is largely a holdover from pre-Shinkansen days; now various portions of the line have different names which are officially used by JR East, JR Central, and JR West. Today, the only daily passenger train that operate overtravels the entire length of the line is the combined overnight-train [[Sunrise Izumo]] - [[Sunrise Seto]]. During the day longer intercity trips using the line require several transfers along the way.

* [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) ({{STN|Tokyo}} - {{STN|Atami}}) - '''[[Tōkaidō Line (JR East)|Tōkaidō Line]]'''

* [[Central Japan Railway Company]] (JR Central) ({{STN|Atami}} - {{STN|Maibara}}) - '''[[Tōkaidō Line (Shizuoka area)|Tōkaidō Line]]'''

* [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West) ({{STN|Maibara}} - {{STN|Kōbe}}) - '''Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line, JR Kobe Line'''

The section between Tokyo and Atami is operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and it is located in the [[Greater Tokyo Area]]. It has local services ({{lang-langx|ja|普通|links=no}},{{IPA-|ja|Futsū}}) and a rapid service called ''Rapid Acty'' ({{lang-langx|ja|快速アクティー|links=no}}, {{IPA-|ja|Kaisoku Akutī}}). It runs on dedicated tracks parallel to the [[Yamanote Line]] between Tokyo and Shinagawa, the [[Keihin–Tōhoku Line|Keihin-Tōhoku Line]] between Tokyo and Yokohama, and the [[Yokosuka Line]] between Yokohama and Ōfuna. Some [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]] trains share the segment south of [[Yokohama]] to [[Ōfuna Station|Ōfuna]] and [[Odawara Station|Odawara]]. Until 12 March 2021, there were also commuter rapid ({{lang-langx|ja|通勤快速|links=no}}, {{IPA-|ja|Tsūkin Kaisoku}}) and Shōnan Liner ({{lang-langx|ja|湘南ライナー|links=no}}, {{IPA-|ja|Shōnan Rainā}}) services.<ref name="2021_03_timetable_jreast_yokohama">{{cite web|url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2020/yokohama/20201218_y01.pdf|title=March 2021 Timetable Revision|date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

|[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Tohoku Shinkansen<br />

[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Hokkaido Shinkansen<br />

[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Yamagata Shinkansen<br />

[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Akita Shinkansen<br />

[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Joetsu Shinkansen<br />

[[File:Shinkansen-E.pngsvg|17x17px]] Hokuriku Shinkansen<br />

|{{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]], [[Negishi Line]]<br />{{JRLS|JH}} [[Yokohama Line]]<br />{{JRLS|JS}} [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line|Shōnan-Shinjuku Line]]<br />{{JRLS|JO}} Yokosuka Line<br />{{TQLS|TY}} [[Tōkyū Tōyoko Line]]<br />{{KQLS|KK}} Keikyu Main Line<br />[[File:Sotetsu_line_symbol.svg|link=|20x20px]] [[Sōtetsu Main Line|Sotetsu Main Line]]<br />[[File:Yokohama_Municipal_Subway_Blue_Line_symbol.svg|link=|20x20px]] [[Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line]]<br />[[File:Minatomirai Line symbol.svg|link=|20x20px]] [[Minatomirai Line]]

! colspan="1312" |Local: Some operate through service from/to {{STN|Numazu}} or {{STN|Ito}}

* [[Keihin–Tōhoku Line|Keihin-Tōhoku Line]] stations between Tokyo and Yokohama officially are a part of the Tōkaidō Main Line. These stations are: {{STN|Yūrakuchō}}, {{STN|Hamamatsuchō}}, {{STN|Tamachi|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Takanawa Gateway}}, {{STN|Ōimachi}}, {{STN|Ōmori|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Kamata|Tokyo}}, {{STN|Tsurumi}}, {{STN|Shin-Koyasu}}, and {{STN|Higashi-Kanagawa}}.

| rowspan="3" bgcolor="white" |[[Iwata, Shizuoka|Iwata]]

|align="right"|73.82

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*Local (3-door Suburban trains): OperatedOperate as Rapid service trains west of Takatsuki (west of Kyoto in the morning)

! colspan=3"2" |StopDistance (km)

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! colspan="1012" style="border-bottom:solid 3px #0072bc;" |''Through service from/to [[Hokuriku Main Line]]''

|[[File:Number prefix Otsu lines.pngsvg|20px|OT]] [[Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line]] (OT03: Keihan Ishiyama Station)

|[[File:Number prefix Otsu lines.pngsvg|20px|OT]] Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line (OT09: Keihan Zeze Station)

|[[File:JRW kinki-B.svg|20px]] [[Kosei Line]] (JR-B30)<br />[[File:Subway KyotoTozai.pngsvg|20px]] [[Kyoto Municipal Subway]] [[Tōzai Line (Kyoto)|Tōzai Line]] (T07)<br />[[File:Number prefix Otsu lines.pngsvg|20px|OT]] [[Keihan Keishin Line]] (OT31: Keihan Yamashina Station)

|[[File:Shinkansen jrc.svg|20px]] [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]<br />[[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|20px]] [[JR Kyoto Line]]<br />[[File:JRW kinki-D.svg|20px]] [[Nara Line]] (JR-D01)<br />[[File:JRW kinki-E.svg|20px]] [[Sagano Line]] ([[Sanin Main Line]]) (JR-E01)<br />[[File:KT number-B.svg|20px]] [[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]] [[Kyoto Line (Kintetsu)|Kyoto Line]] (B01)<br />[[File:Subway KyotoKarasuma.pngsvg|20px]] Kyoto Municipal Subway [[Karasuma Line]] (K11)

! colspan="1012" |''Through service from/to [[JR Kyoto Line]]''

|[[File:Shinkansen jrc.svg|20px]] [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]<br />[[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|20px]] [[Biwako Line]]<br />[[File:JRW kinki-B.svg|20px]] [[Kosei Line]] ({{RouteBox|B31||#00bfff}})<br />[[File:JRW kinki-D.svg|20px]] Nara Line ({{RouteBox|D01||#AA731C}})<br />[[File:JRW kinki-E.svg|20px]] [[Sagano Line]] ({{RouteBox|E01||#9370db}})<br />[[File:KT number-B.svg|20px]] [[Kintetsu Railway|Kintetsu]] [[Kyoto Line (Kintetsu)|Kyoto Line]] (B01)<br /> [[File:Subway KyotoKarasuma.pngsvg|20px]] [[Kyoto Municipal Subway]] [[Karasuma Line]] (K11)

|[[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|20px]] [[JR Kōbe Line]]<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-G.svg|20px]] [[Fukuchiyama Line|JR Takarazuka Line]] ({{RouteBox|G47||#ffcc00|Black}})<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-O.svg|20px]] [[Osaka Loop Line]] ({{RouteBox|O11||#e80000}})<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-F.svg|20px]] ''[[Osaka Higashi Line]]'' ({{RouteBox|F01||#335099}}, 2023)<br />[[File:JRW kinki-H.svg|20px]] [[JR Tōzai Line]] ({{RouteBox|H44||#ff1493}}:[[Kitashinchi Station]])<br /> [[file:Number prefix Hankyu KobeKōbe line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyū Kōbe Main Line]], [[file:Number prefix HankyūHankyu Takarazuka line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Takarazuka Main Line]], [[file:Number prefix Hankyu KyotoKyōto line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Kyoto Main Line]] (HK-01:[[Umeda Station|Osaka-umeda Station]])<br /> [[file:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hanshin Main Line]] (HS 01:Osaka-Umeda Station)<br /> {{rint|osaka|metro|size=20}} [[Osaka Metro]]: <br /> {{rint|osaka|midosuji|size=20}} [[Midōsuji Line]] (M16: Umeda Station)<br /> {{rint|osaka|tanimachi|size=20}} [[Tanimachi Line]] (T20: [[Higashi-Umeda Station]])<br /> {{rint|osaka|yotsubashi|size=20}} [[Yotsubashi Line]] (Y11: [[Nishi-Umeda Station]])

|[[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|20px]] [[JR Kyoto Line]] ([[Tokaido Main Line]])<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-G.svg|20px]] [[Fukuchiyama Line|JR Takarazuka Line]] (JR-G47)<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-O.svg|20px]] [[Osaka Loop Line]] (JR-O11)<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-F.svg|20px]] ''[[Osaka Higashi Line]] (JR-F01, 2023)''<br /> [[File:JRW kinki-H.svg|20px]] [[JR Tōzai Line]] (JR-H44:[[Kitashinchi Station]])<br /> [[File:Number prefix Hankyu KobeKōbe line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Kobe Main Line]], [[File:Number prefix HankyūHankyu Takarazuka line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Takarazuka Main Line]], [[File:Number prefix Hankyu KyotoKyōto line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Kyoto Main Line]] (HK-01:[[Umeda Station|Osaka-umeda Station]])<br /> [[File:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hanshin Main Line]] (HS 01:Osaka-Umeda Station)<br /> {{rint|osaka|metro|size=20}} [[Osaka Metro]]:

|style="background-color:#cdf;" align="center"|●○

|style="background-color:#cdf;" align="center"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>●

|[[File:Number prefix Hankyu KobeKōbe line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Hankyu Kobe Line]], [[File:Number prefix Hankyu KobeKōbe line.pngsvg|20px]] [[Tozai Line (Kobe)|Kobe Kosoku Line]] (HK-16: [[Sannomiya Station|Kobe Sannomiya Station]])<br />[[File:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] Hanshin Main Line (HS 32: Kobe Sannomiya Station)<br />[[File:PortislandPort Island Line Logologo.pngsvg|20px]] Kobe New Transit [[Port Island Line]] (P01)<br />[[File:Subway KobeSeishin.svg|20px]] [[Kobe Municipal Subway]] [[Seishin-Yamate Line]] (S03: Sannomiya Station)<br />[[File:Subway KobeKaigan.svg|20px]] Kobe Municipal Subway [[Kaigan Line]] (K01: Sannomiya-Hanadokeimae Station)

|[[File:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] Hanshin Main Line, [[File:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] Kobe Kosoku Line (HS 33)

| [[File:Number prefix Hanshin Railwayline.pngsvg|20px]] Hanshin Kobe Kosoku Line, Hankyu Kobe Kosoku Line (HS 35: [[Kōsoku Kōbe Station]])<br />[[File:Subway KobeKaigan.svg|20px]] Kobe Municipal Subway Kaigan Line (K04: [[Harborland Station]])

*''[[Hida (train)|Hida]]'': Nagoya / Osaka &ndash; Gifu &ndash; ([[Takayama Main Line]]) &ndash; TakayamaToyama

*''[[Thunderbird (train)|Thunderbird]]'': Osaka &ndash; Kyoto &ndash; ([[Kosei Line]]) &ndash; Tsuruga &ndash; ([[Hokuriku Main Line]]) &ndash; Kanazawa

*''[[Shirasagi (train)|Shirasagi]]'': Nagoya &ndash; Maibara &ndash; (Hokuriku Main Line) &ndash; KanazawaTsuruga

[[File:SeriesJRE_Series-E233-3000-E6E231_U33F.jpg|thumb|JR East E233E231-30001000 series]]

In 1906, [[Railway Nationalization Act|all privately run main lines were nationalized]] under the newly created [[Japanese Government Railways]], which, at the time had a network of just over {{Convert|7000&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Automatic couplers were introduced on all freight wagons in 1926. In 1930, the first ''[[Tsubame (train)|Tsubame]]'' ("swallow") express was introduced, reducing the Tokyo - Kobe travel-time to nine hours - a significant reduction from the twenty hours required in 1889 and fifteen in 1903.<ref name="Smith" />

Infrastructure improvements included the completion of double track on this route in 1913, and the opening of the {{Convert|7.8&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} long [[Tanna Tunnel]], which shortened the route by omitting a detour round the mountains between [[Atami]] and [[Numazu]]. This was the last major change to the alignment of the route.

By the early 1950s the Tōkaidō Line had become the main transportation artery of Japan. Although it was only 3 percent% of the railway system by length, it carried 24 percent% of JNR's passenger traffic and 23 percent% of its freight, and the rate of growth was higher than any other line in the country. By 1956 electrification was completed along the Tokyo-Osaka section and with the introduction of new ''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]'' trains, travel time was reduced to six and a half hours. The line became so popular that tickets regularly sold out within ten minutes of being put on sale, one month in advance of the travel date.<ref name="Smith" />

Following the [[Great Hanshin earthquake|Hanshin earthquake]] on 17 January 17, 1995, the line was shut down between Takatsuki and Kobe, with certain segments remaining impassable until 1 April 1of that year.

[[File:Mukogawa station 1943.jpg|thumb|MokogawaMukogawa Station in 1944, note the dual-gauge track (see Nishinomiya Station)]]

* Ninomiya Station: The Shonan Horse-drawn Tramway opened a {{Convert|10&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line to Hatano in 1906 to haul tobacco. Steam locomotion was introduced in 1913. Passenger services ceased in 1933, and the line closed in 1935.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Atami Station: In 1895, a {{Convert|10&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|610mm}} gauge [[handcar]] line opened to Yoshihama, and was extended {{Convert|4&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} to Odawara the following year. In 1907, the line was converted to {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge and steam locomotives were introduced. The line closed in 1923 as a result of the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|Great Kanto earthquake]].{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Numazu Station: The Sunzu Electric Railway opened a {{Convert|7&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line to Mishima-Tamachi on the [[Izuhakone Railway Sunzu Line]] in 1906. In 1915, the line was truncated 1&nbsp;km to connect at Mishima-Hirokoji, and the line was electrified at 600 V DC in 1919. The line closed in 1961 following the destruction of the Kisegawa bridge during a flood.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Yoshiwara Station: The {{Nihongo|Fuji Horse Tramway|富士馬車鉄道|Fuji Basha Tetsudō}} opened a {{Track gauge|610mm}} gauge line to Ōmiya (presentday [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]) in 1890. The {{Nihongo|Fuji Minobu Railway|富士身延鉄道|Fuji Minobu Tetsudō}} purchased the tramway in 1912, converted it to a 1,067&nbsp;mm{{Railgauge|1067mm}} gauge steam railway the following year and gradually extended it (eventually becoming the [[Minobu Line]]). In 1924, the company built a new alignment which connected to Fuji station on the Tokaido main line, at which time the original section from Omiya to Yoshiwara closed.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

** The Abe Railway opened a {{Convert|9&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge line from Inomiya (approximately 2&nbsp;km from Shizuoka) to Ushizuma in 1914 to haul timber. Plans to extend the line to Shizuoka did not eventuate and the line closed in 1934.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

**The Shizuoka Electric Railway opened a {{Convert|2&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line to Anzai, connecting to its [[Shizuoka Railway Shizuoka–Shimizu Line|Shimizu Line]], electrified at 600 V DC, between 1922 and 1926. The line closed in 1962.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Yaizu Station: A {{Convert|5&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|610mm}} handcar line operated to Fujieda between 1891 and 1900.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Fujieda Station: The Tōsō Railway opened a {{Convert|4&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge line to Ote in 1913, and by 1926 had extended the line progressively in both directions for a length of {{Convert|38&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Jitogata to Suruga-Okabe, although in 1936 the {{Convert|5&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} section from Suruga-Okabe to Ote was closed. In 1943, the company merged with the Shizuoka Railway (see Fujiroi Station below), and in 1948, a {{Convert|7&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line between Mitsumata and Jitogata opened, linking the two sections. This section of the combined line closed between 1964 and 1970.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Shimada Station: The Fuji Prefectural Government opened a {{Convert|3&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|610mm}} gauge handcar line in 1898 to haul timber. In 1944, following the destruction of the nearby Tokaido Line bridge over the Oigawa, it was proposed to use the alignment of this line as a replacement, including a {{Convert|930 |m|ft|abbr=on}} wooden bridge over the river. The bridge was about 25% completed when the end of the war resulted in the termination of the proposal. A diesel locomotive was introduced in 1955 to haul construction material for the construction of the adjacent national highway, and the line closed in 1959.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Kikukawa Station: The Joto horse-drawn tramway opened a {{Convert|15&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|2ft}} gauge line to Ikeshinden in 1899. In 1923, the line was converted to {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge, and a single-cylinder diesel locomotive introduced. The line closed in 1935.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

**The Akiba horse-drawn tramway opened a {{Convert|12&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge line to Enshumori-Cho in 1902. In 1926, the company renamed itself the Shizuoka Electric Railway, converted the line to {{RailGauge|1067mm}} gauge and electrified it at 600 V DC. The line closed in 1962.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

**The Shizuoka Railway opened a {{Convert|10&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge line to Yokosuka in 1914, extending it {{Convert|7&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} to Mitsumata in 1927. The company merged with the Fuji-sho Railway in 1943 (see Fujieda Station above), and in 1948, a {{Convert|7&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line between Mitsumata and Jitogata opened, linking the two sections. This section of the combined line closed between 1964 and 1967.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Hamamatsu Station: The Dainippon Railway opened a {{Convert|7&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}}, {{Track gauge|762mm}} gauge line to Kuniyoshi in 1909. In 1919, the line was acquired by the [[Enshu Railway Line]], which closed the first {{Convert|1&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} of the line in 1925, so the new connecting station became Enshu-Magome. The line closed in 1937 while the section to Enshu-Magome would close in 1985.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

**A {{Convert|6&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} tram line connected to the Meitetsu Koromo line at Okazaki-Ida Station, which between 1929 and 1962 connected to the [[Meitetsu Mikawa Line]] at Uwagoromo, the tramway also closing in 1962.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Owari-Ichinomiya Station: The {{Convert|6&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} Meitetsu line to Okoshi, electrified at 600 V DC, opened in 1924. When the voltage on the Meitetsu main line was increased to 1,500 V DC in 1952, services were suspended on this line. The substitute bus service proved so popular the line was closed rather than upgraded.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Ogaki Station: The [[Seinō Railway|Seino Railway]] opened a {{Convert|3&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} line from Mino-Akasaka to Ichihashi in 1928, and operated a passenger service from 1930 to 1945.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Arao Station (on the Mino Akasaka branch): A {{Convert|2&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} freight-only line to the Mino Okubo limestone quarry operated between 1928 and 1990.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Nishinomiya Station: A {{Convert|2&nbsp;|km|mi|abbr=on}} freight-only line was opened in 1944 to connect to Mukogawa Station on the [[Hanshin Main Line]]. As the former was {{Track gauge|1067mm}} gauge, and the latter {{track gauge|1435mm}} gauge, some tracks at Mukogawa were dual gauge. Service on the line ceased in 1958, but it was not formally closed until 1970.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

* Rokkomichi Station: A 5&nbsp;{{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} line to Kobe Port opened in 1907, electrified at 1,500 V DC. Passenger services ceased in 1974, and the line closed in 2003.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}