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{{distinguish|Battle of Yeonpyeong (disambiguation){{!}}Battle of Yeonpyeong}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bombardment of Yeonpyeong
| partof = the
| image = 2010.11.23 북한 해안포 발사로 불타는 연평도 (7445571570).jpg
| image_size = 300
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| date = 23 November 2010
| place = [[Yeonpyeong Island]], [[Ongjin County, Incheon|Ongjin County]], [[Incheon]], [[South Korea]]
| result = Small number of fatalities and wounded suffered by the Republic of Korea (ROK); ROK civilian evacuation of Yeonpyeong.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11856454|title=China calls for emergency talks amid Korea crisis|work=[[BBC News]]|date=28 November 2010|access-date=5 December 2010}}</ref> Tensions increased between the two countries.
| combatant1 = {{
| combatant2 = {{
| commander1 = [[Kim Jong-il]]<br />[[Kim Jong-un]]<br />[[Ri Yong-ho (general)|Ri Yong-ho]]<br />Col. Kim Kyong Su
| commander2 = [[Lee Myung-bak]]<br />[[Kim Tae-young (military)|Kim Tae-young]]
| strength1 = One battalion [[BM-21]]<br />Five [[MiG-23]]
| strength2 = Six [[K9 Thunder]] SPGs<br />Four [[F-15K]]<br />Four [[KF-16]]
| casualties1 = '''North Korean claim:'''<br />None <br />'''South Korean claim:'''<br />
| casualties2 = 2 soldiers killed<br />19 soldiers wounded<br />2 civilians killed<br />3 civilians wounded<br />Two [[K9 Thunder|K9 self-propelled guns]] damaged
}}
{{Campaignbox Korean Cold War}}
The '''Bombardment of Yeonpyeong
[[Shell (projectile)|Shelling]] caused widespread damage on Yeonpyeong. South Korea retaliated by shelling North Korean gun positions. In total, between four and 20 people (military personnel and civilians) were killed on both sides and approximately 40–55 people were wounded.
The North Koreans subsequently stated that they had fired in response to South Korean artillery firing into North Korean [[territorial waters]].<ref name=kcna-20101123>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2010/201011/news23/20101123-19ee.html |title=KPA Supreme Command Issues Communique |publisher=[[Korean Central News Agency]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127010627/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2010/201011/news23/20101123-19ee.html |archive-date=2010-11-27}}</ref>
The incident caused an escalation of tension on the [[Korean Peninsula]] and prompted widespread international condemnation of the North's actions. The [[United Nations]] declared it to be one of the most serious incidents since the end of the [[Korean War]],<ref name="dawn.com">{{cite news|title=Tensions high as North, South Korea trade shelling|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/11/24/tensions-high-as-north-south-korea-trade-shelling.html|access-date=2010-11-24|newspaper=Dawn|date=24 November 2010}}</ref> and ==Background==
{{further|Division of Korea}}
A western maritime line of military control between the two Koreas was established by [[United Nations Command]] (UNC) in 1953, called the [[Northern Limit Line]] (NLL).<ref name=kotch-2003>{{cite journal |url=http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v27n2-f.pdf |last=Kotch |first=John Barry |author2=Abbey, Michael |year=2003 |title=Ending naval clashes on the Northern Limit Line and the quest for a West Sea peace regime |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=175–204 |doi=10.1353/apr.2003.0024 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725020759/http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v27n2-f.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2011}}</ref>
The UNC established the NLL in 1953 as a Western maritime line of military control following the Korean War. However, its proximity to the North Korean mainland has resulted in prolonged tension and disputes over territory and fishing rights in the area. Straddling between peace and conflict According to ''Time,'' "The North does not recognize the border that was unilaterally drawn by the United Nations at the close of the 1950–53 Korean War."<ref name="time_kim">Kim, Kwang-Tae. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2032789,00.html "After Exchange of Fire, N. Korea Threatens More Strikes on South,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126232614/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2032789,00.html |date=26 November 2010 }} ''Time'' (US). 2010-11-23</ref> Under the armistice, the United Nations has designated five Northwest Islands to remain within its jurisdiction - Baengnyeongdo, Yeonpyeongdo, Daecheongdo, Socheongdo, and Udo. These islands strategically lie in the Yellow Sea just off the North Korean coast, causing disputes over their control and posing a persistent security threat to South Korea.<ref>Ryoo, Moo Bong. (2009). [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA500904.pdf "The Korean Armistice and the Islands,"] p. iii (OMB Form No. 0704-0188). Strategy research project at the U.S. Army War College. Retrieved 22 December 2010.</ref> The countries' western maritime boundary has long been a flash point between the two Koreas.<ref name="time_kim"/>
[[North Korea]] did not dispute or violate the line until 1973.<ref name=fact>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AM2O820101123|title=Factbox: What is the Korean Northern Limit Line?|first=Reuters|last=Editorial|newspaper=Reuters|date=23 November 2010}}</ref> The NLL was drawn up at a time when a three-nautical-mile territorial waters limit was the norm, but when in the 1970s a twelve nautical mile limit became internationally accepted, the implementation of the NLL prevented North Korea, in areas, from accessing, arguably actual or prospective, territorial waters.<ref name=kotch-2003 /><ref name=38north-20100729>{{cite web |url=http://www.38north.org/?p=1232 |title=The Maritime boundary between North & South Korea in the Yellow (West) Sea |author=Jon Van Dyke | work=38 North |publisher=U.S.-Korea Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies |date= 29 July 2010 |access-date= 28 November 2010}}</ref> Later, after 1982, it also hindered North Korea establishing a [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]] [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] to control fishing in the area.<ref name=kotch-2003 />▼
▲[[North Korea]] did not dispute or violate the line until 1973.<ref name=fact>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AM2O820101123|title=Factbox: What is the Korean Northern Limit Line?
[[File:Map of Korean maritime border.svg|thumb|350px|The disputed maritime [[border]] between North and South Korea in the [[Yellow Sea|West Sea]]:<ref>Ryoo, p. 13.</ref>
Line 46 ⟶ 50:
The United Nations Command perspective remained unchanging, explaining that the NLL must be maintained until any new maritime military demarcation line could be
established through the Joint Military Commission on the armistice agreement.<ref>{{cite news |title=NLL – Controversial Sea Border Between S.Korea, DPRK |quote=South Korea and the UNC insisted at that time that the NLL was the de facto sea border and that it must be maintained until a new maritime MDL could be established through the Joint Military Commission on the armistice agreement |newspaper=People's Daily |date=21 November 2002 |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200211/21/eng20021121_107188.shtml |access-date= 26 November 2010}}</ref>
In an effort to assert its territorial claims, North Korea has pursued a strategy of challenging South Korean control of the waters south of the NLL. It has made [[Korean maritime border incidents|several incursions]] that have sparked clashes between the two sides, notably a [[First Battle of Yeonpyeong|naval battle near Yeonpyeong island]] in 1999 as well as [[Second Battle of Yeonpyeong|another engagement in the same area]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/nll.htm |title=Northern Limit Line (NLL) West Sea Naval Engagements |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> Although there were no further serious clashes for a time, in 2009 increasing tensions along the disputed border led to a [[Battle of Daecheong|naval battle near the island of Daecheong]], and accusations that a North Korean submarine had [[ROKS Cheonan sinking|sunk the South Korean corvette ''Cheonan'']] off [[Baengnyeong Island]] in March 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/12/AR2009111203773.html |title=North Korea says naval skirmish was 'planned provocation' by South |first=Blaine |last=Harden |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=12 November 2009 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryall |first=Julian |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/8106770/North-Koreas-investigation-into-sinking-of-Cheonan-decries-conspiratorial-farce.html |title=North Korea's investigation into sinking of Cheonan decries 'conspiratorial farce' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=3 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |location=London}}</ref>
The Northern Limit Line (NLL) is not officially recognized by North Korea, and as a result, its fishing boats regularly operate close to or over the line, escorted by North Korean naval vessels. This has led to confrontations between North and South Korean navy ships, further heightening tensions in the area.
However, on April 27, 2018, North Korea and South Korea adopted the Panmunjom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity, and Unification of the Korean Peninsula. As part of this agreement, areas surrounding the Northern Limit Line were designated as a maritime peace zone, intended to prevent accidental military clashes and ensure safe and sustainable fishing activities for both countries. This landmark agreement brought hope for a peaceful resolution to the long-standing conflict over the NLL, although its implementation is yet to be fully realized.
Days before the incident, the North Korean government revealed their [[Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center|new uranium enrichment facility]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurasiareview.com/analysis/9787-north-korea-construction-of-nuclear-power-plant |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122212451/http://www.eurasiareview.com/analysis/9787-north-korea-construction-of-nuclear-power-plant |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-22 |title=North Korea – Construction of Nuclear Power Plant. |publisher=Eurasia Review |access-date=2010-11-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fg%2Fa%2F2010%2F11%2F21%2Fbloomberg1376-LC7WCB0UQVI901-29Q98QGU2IDJO5F66CH3IR4JDI.DTL |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909233552/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/11/21/bloomberg1376-LC7WCB0UQVI901-29Q98QGU2IDJO5F66CH3IR4JDI.DTL |archive-date=9 September 2012 |title=US envoy: N Korea nuclear plant 'provocative' |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=21 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> prompting the South Korean government to consider requesting that the [[United States]] station [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s in South Korea for the first time in 19 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/South-Korea-Could-Seek-Deployment-of-US-Tactical-Nuclear-Weapons-109819069.html |title=VOANews "S. Korea Could Seek Deployment of US Tactical Nuclear Weapons" 22 November 2010 |publisher=Voice of America |access-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125141401/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/South-Korea-Could-Seek-Deployment-of-US-Tactical-Nuclear-Weapons-109819069.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the same day, South Korea and the
It had originally been intended that the [[United States Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] would participate in a joint amphibious exercise in the Yellow (Western) Sea, west of South Korea. However, the US pulled out of the joint exercise citing "scheduling conflicts",<ref name="schedulingconflicts">{{cite news |url=
==Engagement==
Line 58 ⟶ 65:
[[File:Yeonpyeong shelling.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Map and graphic representation of the bombardment of Yeonpyeong]]
[[File:2010.11.25 해병대 연평도 k-9사격 (7445570778).jpg|thumb|[[Republic of Korea Marine Corps|South Korean Marine Corps]] [[K9 Thunder|K9 self-propelled howitzer]] preparing counterattack right after the initial attack from North Korea]]
On the morning of 23 November 2010, North Korea reportedly "wired a complaint [to the South] ... asking whether (the [Hoguk] exercise) was an attack against the North." It warned that it would not tolerate firing in what it regarded as its territorial waters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Military to kick off annual defense drill next week |agency=YonHap News Agency |date=16 November 2010 |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2010/11/16/10/0301000000AEN20101116007000315F.HTML |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref> South Korean forces went ahead with a live-fire exercise in waters off
According to a South Korean military official, shells fired as part of the exercise were directed at waters in the south, away from North Korea.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2010-11-23-korea-artillery_N.htm|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-25|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|title=N. Korea fires artillery onto S. Korean island; 2 dead|quote=During the drills, South Korean marines on the island shot artillery toward southern waters, away from North Korea, the official said.}}</ref> A Marine colonel on the island indicated the shells had been fired towards the southwest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-island/south-korea-military-defends-response-to-attack-idUSTRE6AO10U20101125|last=Kim|first=Jack|work=[[Reuters]]|title=South Korean military defends response to attack|date=25 November 2010|quote="North Korea argues that we fired at them first, but this is the direction that we fired," he said standing on the northern tip of the normally idyllic island of fishermen, pointing southwest, away from North Korea.}}</ref> South Korean Minister of National Defense, [[Kim Tae-young (R.O.K. Army general)|Kim Tae-young]], said the firing was not part of the Hoguk exercise, but was a separate routine monthly drill carried out 4–5 km away from the NLL,<ref name="South thwarts">Kim, Christine. "[http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2928852 South thwarts even bigger attack]". ''JoonAng Daily'', 2010-11-25.</ref> contrary to previous media reports.<ref name=koreaherald-20101123 /> The usual firing range is {{convert|40|km|nmi}} by {{convert|20|km|nmi}} in size and runs parallel to the NLL to the south-west of Yeonpyeong Island,<ref name=hankyoreh-20101221>{{cite news |url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/454954.html |title=Live fire drill for military's pride |publisher=[[The Hankyoreh]] |date=21 December 2010|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> and is largely within North Korea's {{convert|12|nmi|km}} territorial waters claimed in 1955.<ref name=DoD2005.1-M>{{cite report |url=http://www.jag.navy.mil/organization/documents/mcrm/korea_north.pdf |title=Maritime Claims Reference Manual – Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea) |date=23 June 2005 |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense |id=DoD 2005.1-M |access-date=14 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915174104/http://www.jag.navy.mil/organization/documents/mcrm/korea_north.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-15}}</ref>
At 14:34 local time, North Korean coastal artillery batteries on Mudo, and a recently redeployed 122-mm [[Multiple rocket launcher|MRL]] at Kaemori,<ref name="Military knew">[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/11/26/2010112600954.html Military Knew of N.Korean Artillery Move Before Attack]. ''Chosun Ilbo'', 2010-11-26.</ref> in North Korea's [[South Hwanghae Province]], opened fire on the island of Yeonpyeong. The bombardment took place in two waves, from 14:34 to 14:55 and again from 15:10 to 15:41. Many of the shells landed on a military camp, but others hit the island's principal settlement, destroying numerous homes and shops, and starting fires.<ref name="Seoul Warns">[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/11/24/2010112400306.html Seoul Warns of 'Severe Punishment' Over N.Korean Attack]. ''Chosun Ilbo'', 2010-11-24.</ref> About 108 shells were fired total, according to a North Korean defector who had served in an artillery battery.<ref name="unlikely damage"/>
Three of the six [[K9 Thunder]]
South Korean [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|KF-16]] and [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15K]] jets were also scrambled to the area, though they did not engage North Korean targets, as the North Korean artillery did not start a third barrage.<ref name=":0" /> South Korean counterstrikes ended at 16:42.<ref name="North Korea shells southern">"[http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2928751 North Korea shells southern island, two fatalities reported]". ''JoonAng Daily'', 2010-11-23.</ref> It was the first artillery battle to take place between North and South Korea since the 1970s<ref>Kwon, Hyuk-chul. "[http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/450423.html President Lee has changed his position from controlled response to manifold retaliation"]. ''The Hankyoreh'', 2010-11-24.</ref> and was seen as one of the most serious attacks by the North on the South since the 1953 Armistice.<ref>"[http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388 NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines]". ''The Dong-a Ilbo'', 2010-11-24.</ref>
With power on Yeonpyeong knocked out and several fires breaking out as a result of the North Korean shelling, the South Korean military ordered civilians to evacuate to bunkers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gDK7k9zXOEF0hiuQbIDAQrk-_LVA?docId=CNG.a36c20fecf84254d28bd7d6b22adfb1e.8e1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527081359/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gDK7k9zXOEF0hiuQbIDAQrk-_LVA?docId=CNG.a36c20fecf84254d28bd7d6b22adfb1e.8e1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2012 |title=N.Korea shells S.Korea island, 4 troops wounded |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AM0W920101123 |title=South Koreans hurt, evacuated after North Korea firing |work=Reuters|date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |first=Jack |last=Kim}}</ref>
===Timeline===
Line 82 ⟶ 89:
:'''14:46''': South conducts additional emergency sorties with two KF-16 fighters.
:'''14:47''': South fires back with the first round of [[K9 Thunder|K-9]] howitzers (50 shells).<ref name=":0" />
:'''14:50''': South issues a '[[Alert state|Jindogae Hana]]' ([[Korean Jindo|Jindo Dog]] 1) alert, the highest military alert given for a local provocation.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Dong-a Ilbo]]|title=NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines |url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388|date=24 November 2010|access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref>
:'''14:55''': North stops firing temporarily.
:'''15:12''': North starts firing for the second time (20 shells, all of which landed on the island).
Line 93 ⟶ 100:
:'''16:42''': South stops firing.
:'''18:40''': Lee Hong-gi, the South's Joint Chief of Staff Director of Operations, holds a press briefing.
:'''19:00''': North Korea's Supreme Command of the Korean People's Army releases a statement labelled "Our Army is Making No Empty Talk" publicized through KCNA.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388|title=NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines|work=[[Korea
:'''20:35 – 21:10''': South Korean [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Lee Myung-bak]] meets with his Joint Chief of Staff.<ref name="North Korea shells southern" /><ref name=yonhaptimeline>{{cite news |url=http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/new_search/YIBW_showSearchArticle.aspx?searchpart=article&searchtext=%ED%95%B4%EC%95%88%ED%8F%AC%20%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B3%84&contents_id=AKR20101123266500043 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002085325/http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/new_search/YIBW_showSearchArticle.aspx?searchpart=article&searchtext=%ED%95%B4%EC%95%88%ED%8F%AC%20%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B3%84&contents_id=AKR20101123266500043 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2011 |first=Hojun |last=Kim |script-title=ko:<北 해안포 사격 시간대별 현황>(종합2보) |language=ko |publisher=[[Yonhap]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
Line 106 ⟶ 113:
The attack started widespread fires on the island. According to the local county office, 70 percent of the island's forests and fields were burned and 21 houses and warehouses and eight public buildings were destroyed in the bombardment.<ref name="Yeonpyeong residents" /> Some of the public buildings were formerly military structures, leading the South Korean military to believe the attack was planned from old maps.<ref name=joongangthermobaric>[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2928905 N. Korea fired thermobaric bombs], [JoongAng Daily], 26 November 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.</ref>
North Korea states that it suffered no military casualties.<ref name=wp-20120818>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/north-korea-claims-it-suffered-no-military-casualties-in-2010-artillery-fight-with-south-korea/2012/08/18/0bded3e4-e8ff-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123200907/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/north-korea-claims-it-suffered-no-military-casualties-in-2010-artillery-fight-with-south-korea/2012/08/18/0bded3e4-e8ff-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 November 2018 |title=North Korea claims it suffered no military casualties in 2010 artillery fight with South Korea |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=18 August 2012 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> However, Lee Hong-gi, the Director of Operations of the South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), claimed that as a result of the South Korean retaliation "there may be a considerable number of North Korean casualties".<ref>{{cite news|last=Gwon|first=Seung-jun|title=합참 "우리 군 대응사격으로 북한 측 피해도 상당할 것"|url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/11/23/2010112301706.html|newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> A North Korean defector who had served in an artillery battery, however, stated that the South had likely failed to destroy the North Korean artillery batteries due to its slow response.<ref name="unlikely damage" /> South Korean media reported that 5–10 North Korean soldiers had been killed and 30 wounded, and the National Intelligence Service suggests damage to North Korean troops had been considerable during the South Korean counter-battery fire.<ref name=yn>{{cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2010/12/02/83/0301000000AEN20101202009100315F.HTML|title=(2nd LD) Military suggests counterfire caused 'many casualties' in N. Korea |date=2 December 2010 |website=english.yonhapnews.co.kr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205050148/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2010/12/02/83/0301000000AEN20101202009100315F.HTML |archive-date=5 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=afp>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1sBTjjcyCvHUU1c-IVncSqxFc-w?docId=CNG.332e0fa3bbcae3d00e16077499c32fb1.681|title=Satellite images suggest N.Korea casualties: lawmaker|work=AFP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208051243/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1sBTjjcyCvHUU1c-IVncSqxFc-w?docId%5Cx3dCNG.332e0fa3bbcae3d00e16077499c32fb1.681|access-date=10 November 2016|archive-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> Satellite images released by [[STRATFOR]] cast doubt on effectiveness of South Korean artillery and damage dealt to North as asserted by JCS and NIS,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/04/world/asia/04korea.html|title=South Korean Defense Nominee Vows Airstrikes If North Attacks|first=Mark|last=McDonald|date=3 December 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korea-intercepted-plans-for-attack-2010-12|title=Forget Revenge, South Koreans Are Starting To Blame Themselves For Letting The Attack Happen|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apjjf.org/-Tim-Beal/3459/article.html|title=Korean Brinkmanship, American Provocation, and the Road to War: the manufacturing of a crisis−− | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus|website=apjjf.org|date=26 July 2010 }}</ref><ref name=dg-20101127>{{cite web |page=12 |url=https://www.stratfor.com/sites/default/files/DigitalGlobe_North_Korean_Attack_11-.23.pdf |title=North Korean Attack on Yeonpyeong Island - November 25-26, 2010 |work=DigitalGlobe |date=27 November 2010 |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref> with no signs of any North Korean rocket launchers being destroyed. Similarly, despite targeting the barracks, there were little signs that the underground facilities suffered significant damage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=- Vol. 1, No. 12 - December 2010|url=http://www.kpajournal.com/vol-1-no-12-december-2010/|access-date=2021-10-30|website=www.kpajournal.com|language=en}}</ref>
===Political and financial impact===
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The main [[list of political parties in South Korea|South Korean political parties]] condemned the North's attack. A spokesman for the ruling [[Grand National Party]] said: "It is impossible to hold our rage toward the North's shelling of the Yeonpyeong Island. North Korea must be held accountable for all the losses." The chairman of the opposition [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008)|Democratic Party]] urged the North Koreans to "stop all provocation that threaten the peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula". He called for "the two Koreas to begin talks to prevent the situation from worsening" and urged the government to protect the peace and safety of South Koreans.<ref name="North Korea shells southern" />
On 25 November, South Korea's defense minister,
The North Korean [[news agency]] [[Korean Central News Agency|KCNA]] released a [[Korean People's Army]] communique stating that North Korea responded after the South had made a "reckless military provocation" by firing dozens of shells into North Korean territorial waters around Yeonpyeong Island from 13:00, as part of "war maneuvers". It warned that "should the South Korean puppet group dare intrude into the territorial waters of the DPRK even 0.001 mm, the revolutionary armed forces of the DPRK will unhesitatingly continue taking merciless military counter-actions against it."<ref name=kcna-20101123/> The South Korean Deputy Minister of Defense acknowledged that South Korean artillery units had been carrying out live-fire exercises, but denied that the shots had crossed into the North Korean sea area.<ref name=nyt-20101123>{{Cite news |author= McDonald, Mark |title= North and South Korea Exchange Fire, Killing Two |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/asia/24korea.html?src=mv |work= [[The New York Times]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
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Four days after the shelling, North Korea's KCNA said about the death of civilians that, "[i]f that is true, it is very regrettable, [...] [b]ut the enemy should be held responsible for the incident as it took such inhuman action as creating 'a human shield' by deploying civilians around artillery positions and inside military facilities."<ref>{{cite news |title= North Korea says civilian deaths, if true, very regrettable |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AQ0O720101127 |work= [[Reuters]]|date=27 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref>
The North Korean attack had a global impact on the [[financial market]]s. Several Asian currencies weakened against the [[euro]] and [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]], while at the same time Asian stock markets declined.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lui |first=Patricia |title=Asian Currencies Slump, Led by Won, on Korean Artillery Fire |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-11-23/asian-currencies-slump-led-by-won-on-korean-artillery-fire.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126232251/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-11-23/asian-currencies-slump-led-by-won-on-korean-artillery-fire.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 November 2010 |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> The impact of the shelling on the financial industry led South Korea's central bank, the [[Bank of Korea]], to hold an emergency meeting to assess the impact of the fighting on the markets.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AM0YS20101123?loomia_ow=t0:s0:a49:g43:r1:c0.586538:b39750226:z0 |title=Two Koreas exchange fire across maritime border |work=Reuters|date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
===Military responses===
[[File:US Navy 101129-N-7103C-162 Reporters from Korean news media capture footage of an F-A-18E Super Hornet assigned to the Eagles of Strike Fighter Squ.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|South Korean media on board the aircraft carrier ''George Washington'' observe a training mission, November 2010]]
President Lee instructed the South Korean military to strike North Korea's missile base near its coastal artillery positions if there were an indication of further provocation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=So-hyun|title=S. Korea may strike N. Korea's missile base: President Lee|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20101123001275|newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-23|archive-date=24 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124052153/http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20101123001275|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee Hong-gi of the JCS told the media that the attack had been a "premeditated, intentional illegal violation of the U.N. Convention, the Armistice Agreement and the inter-Korean non-aggression accord. It is also an inhumane atrocity, in which [North Korea] indiscriminately fired shells into unarmed civilian residential areas." He said that the military had "strengthened our surveillance and monitoring to keep watch on North Korean military activities through close cooperation with the United States. We are closely cooperating to draw up joint response directions."<ref name="N.K. artillery">Song, Sang-ho. "[http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20101123001048 N.K. artillery strikes S. Korean island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320090512/http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20101123001048 |date=20 March 2012 }}". ''The Korea Herald'', 2010-11-23.</ref>
On 24 November, the [[US Navy|US]] [[aircraft carrier]] {{USS|George Washington|CVN-73|6}} departed for joint exercises in the Yellow Sea with the [[Republic of Korea Navy]], in part to deter further North Korean military action but also to "send a message"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pomfret |first=John |title=U.S. aircraft carrier's arrival off Korean peninsula also sends a message to China |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/24/AR2010112407028.html |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=25 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref> to China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Dogyun |last2=Steward |first2=Phil |title=U.S. aircraft carrier heads for Korean waters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL3E6MN0SQ20101124 |work=Reuters|date=24 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=McDonald |first2=Mark |title=South Koreans and U.S. to Stage a Joint Exercise |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/asia/24nkorea.html?_r=1&hp |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref>
On 28 November, South Korean news agency [[Yonhap News]] said that North Korea had readied surface-to-surface missiles as the United States and South Korea began military drills.<ref>{{Cite news |title=North Korea 'readies missiles' as China seeks talks|url=http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/reuters/101128/n_top_news/cnews_us_korea_north1 |newspaper=Yahoo! News/Yonhap News |date=28 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-28}}</ref>
On 21 December, South Korea carried out another live-fire artillery exercise into the same disputed waters just south of the NLL, despite diplomatic opposition from China and Russia.<ref name=hankyoreh-20101221/><ref name=kh-20101219>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20101219000343 |title=Seoul to go ahead with live-fire exercise |author=Song Sang-ho |newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]] |date=19 December 2010 |access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
One year after the event the South Korean military presence on the island had been substantially increased with the deployment of more K-9 howitzers, K-10 automatic ammunition re-supply vehicles, 130-millimeter, 36-round, truck-mounted [[
===Speculation on North Korean motives===
North Korea's motives for the attack were unclear and were the subject of widespread speculation in the South and elsewhere. The North Korean Foreign Ministry stated the North Korean bombardment was retaliation due to South Korea's shelling into sea that North Korea claims as its territorial waters.<ref name=nprkstatement>{{cite news |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2010/201011/news24/20101124-17ee.html |title=Statement Released by Spokesman of DPRK Foreign Ministry |website=[[Korean Central News Agency]] |date=24 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128061027/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2010/201011/news24/20101124-17ee.html |archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref> But some experts suggested that it was at least partly related to [[Kim Jong-un]]'s appointment as the designated successor to [[Kim Jong-il]], which is believed to have caused tensions within the North Korean leadership. [[Robert Kelly (political analyst)|Robert Kelly]], an assistant professor at [[Pusan National University]] in South Korea, says that Seoul's increasing global stature may have provoked Pyongyang. "My primary guess is that this is a response to the recent international prestige taken by South Korea at the [[2010 G-20 Seoul summit|G20]]. The G20 highlighted North Korean backwardness in the same way that it highlighted that South Korea was a partner of this global elite organization, setting international rules and the North Koreans don't like this", he said.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2032806,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124004054/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2032806,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 November 2010|title=Behind the Koreas' Artillery Fire: Kim's Succession|magazine=Time|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-23|first=Bill|last=Powell}}</ref> It has also been suggested that the attack was linked to the North's need for food aid.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/asia/24korea.html|title='Crisis Status' in South Korea After North Shells Island|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-23|first=Mark|last=McDonald}}</ref>
The ''[[JoongAng Ilbo]]'' newspaper suggested that the attack had been ordered by Kim Jong-il himself. Kim and his son were reported to have visited the Kaemori artillery base, whence many of the North Korean shells were fired, the day before the attack. The Kims had visited a nearby fish farm on 22 November in the company of various senior military figures. According to a source quoted by the newspaper, "Firing artillery across the Northern Limit Line at sea is difficult without a direct order from Pyongyang’s highest authorities; firing inland would have been impossible without the will of Kim Jong-Il."<ref>Jeong Yong-soo; Christine Kim. [http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2928853 "Kim and Jong-un ordered bombardment: source"]. ''JoongAng Ilbo'', 2010-11-25.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea attack linked to leadership succession |first=Stephen |last=McDonell |newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=26 November 2010 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/11/26/3077486.htm?section=justin |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref>
===Robert Gates's account of incident===
In 2014, [[Robert Gates]], who was [[United States Secretary of Defense]] during the incident,
==International reactions==
<!--[[File:US Navy 101129-N-3418M-012 Military officials from the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) are greeted in the in-port cabin before a tour.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Neutral observation of multi-nation training off the Korean peninsula, following the Yeonpyeong incident of November 2010]] Hidden because of incorrect caption from source. See discussion.-->
Images of the shelling were widely disseminated by media and across the internet.<ref>Google search, [https://www.google.com/search?aq=f&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=images+of+smoke#hl=en&expIds=17259,18167,25907,27642,27744,27797,27886&sugexp=leprodeca4&xhr=t&q=images+of+smoke+yeonpyeong&cp=26&pf=p&sclient=psy&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=images+of+smoke+yeonpyeong&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=cc7ad1a43d378bba images of smoke yeonpyeong], about 225,000 results. Retrieved 8 December 2010</ref> The sight of burning houses and plumes of smoke prompted international reaction.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2010/11/north_korea_shells_south
* {{flag|Argentina}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Foreign Ministry]] issued a statement in which the government expressed its "strong condemnation of the incident".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mrecic.gob.ar/com.php?buscar=4867 |title=Incidente entre Corea del Sur y Corea del Norte: pronunciamiento del gobierno argentino |language=es |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083503/http://mrecic.gob.ar/com.php?buscar=4867 |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>
* {{flag|Australia}}: [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Julia Gillard]] condemned the attack and expressed concern over North Korean military provocations.<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Johnson |title= North Korea 'gravely concerns' Gillard |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/north-korea-gravely-concerns-gillard-20101123-185os.html |agency=[[Australian Associated Press]] |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
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* {{flag|Brazil}}: [[President of Brazil|President]] [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] stated that his current position was to "condemn any attempt of attack from North Korea to South Korea". According to him, "Brazil is against any attack to another country. We will not allow, in any circumstance, any attempt to violate another country's sovereignty".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lula condena ataque da Coreia do Norte à ilha sul-coreana |url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/mundo/noticias/0,,OI4807541-EI8143,00-Lula+condena+ataque+da+Coreia+do+Norte+a+ilha+sulcoreana.html |language= pt |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the attack and urged both North and South Korea to refrain from any further military provocations.<ref>{{cite news |title=България осъжда обстрела срещу Южна Корея |url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/news/view/30512 |language=bg |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)|Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125155708/http://www.mfa.bg/bg/news/view/30512 |archive-date=25 November 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Stephen Harper]] "strongly condemned" the attack, reaffirmed Canada's support for South Korea and urged North Korea to abide by the armistice and to not commit "further reckless and belligerent actions."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jfKdNjzOEtC3ykgCsxrFj_kaGqlg?docId=CNG.3dc44dd9702b8e6a6555a2ff8e3c30c9.3d1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527081406/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jfKdNjzOEtC3ykgCsxrFj_kaGqlg?docId=CNG.3dc44dd9702b8e6a6555a2ff8e3c30c9.3d1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2012 |title=Canada condemns North Korea shelling |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] [[Lawrence Cannon]] stated that he was "deeply concerned" about the events in Korea and that officials in his department were monitoring the situation.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS. Korea threatens 'enormous retaliation' after attack |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obama-pledges-defence-of-s-korea-1.928536 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> Documents indicate that the [[Canadian military]] may initiate strategic involvement in the event of a new conflict on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{cite news|last=National|first=Radio-Canada|title=La Canada sollicité en cas de guerre en Corée?|url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/National/2010/11/26/004-canada-implication-coree.shtml|access-date=2010-11-27|newspaper=Presse canadienne|date=27 November 2010|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Blanchfield|first=Mike|title=New Korean war could ensnare Canada, documents suggest|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/new-korean-war-could-ensnare-canada-documents-suggest/article1815621/|access-date=2010-11-27|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=26 November 2010|location=Toronto}}</ref>
* {{flag|Chile}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the attack and called on North Korea to set aside its "bellicose attitude".<ref>{{cite news |title=Chile condena el ataque armado "de la República Popular Democrática de Corea" |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5gedt2bhRaUMrVJasDX77JJqDPyQg?docId=1412350 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527081407/http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5gedt2bhRaUMrVJasDX77JJqDPyQg?docId=1412350 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2012 |language=es |agency=[[EFE]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
* {{flag|China}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] stated that the Chinese government urged both sides "to do things conducive to peace and stability in the Korean Peninsula,"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-11/23/c_13618711.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126094553/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-11/23/c_13618711.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 November 2010 |title=China expresses concern over allegedly exchange of fire between DPRK, ROK |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> but did not explicitly condemn North Korea's actions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Patience |first=Martin |title=China's muted response to North Korea attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11828846 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-25}}</ref>
* {{flag|Colombia}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the attack of North Korea stating that the country "deplores the loss of human lives and the damages caused to the population and condemn the use of the force on behalf of the Korea Democratic People's Republic." Likewise, it spurred North Korea to "observe the orders of the Security Council of United Nations in it relative to the abstention of the threat and use of force".<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia insta a Corea del Norte a observar mandatos de la ONU |url=http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=1389898 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101182937/http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=1389898 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 January 2013 |date=24 November 2010 |language=es |publisher=[[Caracol Radio]] |access-date=2010-11-24 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Costa Rica}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Culture expressed solidarity with South Korea "for the loss of life and violation of its sovereignty" and was concerned at the "great instability on the Korean Peninsula".<ref>{{cite news |title=Costa Rica se solidariza con Corea del Sur tras los ataques |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iOpQUMSnqTMrLwgDrhv4yCiws1xw?docId=1412387 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527081407/http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iOpQUMSnqTMrLwgDrhv4yCiws1xw?docId=1412387 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2012 |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-24 |language=es |agency=[[EFE]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}: [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]] [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]] condemned the attack, and called it a "military provocation".<ref>{{cite news |title=Løkke condemns North Korea |url=http://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/krigogkatastrofer/article1456730.ece |language=da |work=[[Ekstra Bladet]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
* {{flag|European Union}}: [[High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy|High Representative]] [[Catherine Ashton]] condemned the attack and urged North Korea to respect the Korean Armistice Agreement.<ref name=smh>{{cite news |title=N Korean artillery strike worries world |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/n-korean-artillery-strike-worries-world-20101123-185hs.html |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |first=Olivia |last=Hampton}}</ref>
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* {{flag|Greece}}: The Foreign Ministry expressed concern and condemned "North Korea's aggressive attitude".<ref>{{cite news|title=Foreign Ministry on Korea conflict|url=http://www.ana.gr/anaweb/user/showplain?maindoc=9339473&maindocimg=9337134&service=98&showLink=true|date=24 November 2010|agency=[[Athens News Agency]]|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Guatemala}}: The government conveyed their "solidarity with South Korea" and was "concerned about the possibility of repercussions for peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula".<ref>{{cite news|last=Cerralbo|first=Yoav|title=World leaders united in condemning N. Korea|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20101124000857|newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=24 November 2010|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Honduras}}: A statement by the Foreign Ministry condemned the "serious" armed attack by North Korea against Yeonpyeong and expressed solidarity with South Korea. It also called on both countries to seek a solution with respect to [[international law]].<ref>{{cite news|language=es |title=Honduras condena el ataque de Corea del Norte y se solidariza con Corea del Sur|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iBo8XJOFYqhzLYT0nLMheSJTnErA?docId=1412397|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527081412/http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iBo8XJOFYqhzLYT0nLMheSJTnErA?docId=1412397|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2012|date=23 November 2010|agency=EPA|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Hungary}}: State Secretary for Foreign Affairs Zsolt Németh condemned the North Korean attack against Yeonpyeong. He also said that it is yet unknown how serious the conflict is.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hir24.hu/belfold/174444/magyarorszag-biralja-az-eszak-koreai-agressziot.html |title=Hungary condemned the North Korean aggression |publisher=[[Magyar Távirati Iroda]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |language=hu |archive-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127054220/http://www.hir24.hu/belfold/174444/magyarorszag-biralja-az-eszak-koreai-agressziot.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag|India}}: The Foreign Office called for restraint, stability, and a resumption of negotiations, and expressed sympathy for the victims and injured people of Yeonpyeong.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dikshit|first=Sandeep|title=India urges Koreas to maintain peace|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article911335.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 November 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
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* {{flag|Latvia}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Latvia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] announced that Latvia urged both parties to "adhere to the Korean armistice agreement of 1953" and "condemns any actions that could lead to a further aggravation of the situation".<ref>{{cite news|title=Foreign Ministry voices concern regarding aggravation of situation on Korean Peninsula|url=http://www.am.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2010/november/23-1/|date=23 November 2010|agency=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Malaysia}}: Foreign Minister [[Anifah Aman]] condemned the attack on Yeonpyeong which resulted in the loss of life. It called on all parties "to avoid resorting to action which can escalate the tension and generate instability" in the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysia Voices Concern Over Tension in Korean Peninsula|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=545036|date=24 November 2010|agency=[[Bernama]]|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Mexico}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the attack and demanded the "immediate cessation of hostilities" by North Korea.<ref>{{cite web |title=México condena ataque armado norcoreano |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/725333.html |publisher=[[El Universal (México)|El Universal]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |archive-date=26 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126153159/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/725333.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag|New Zealand}}: [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|Foreign Minister]] [[Murray McCully]] condemned the incident, expressing "outrage over this attack and the consequent loss of life", but emphasized that "this is a time for cool heads in order to avoid this clash escalating into a more serious threat to the stability of the region".<ref>{{cite news|title=NZ condemns attack on South Korea|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10689709|date=23 November 2010|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Norway}}: [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Norway)|Foreign Minister]] [[Jonas Gahr Støre]] stated that "the clashes and the raised tension in the border area between South and North Korea are alarming. An armed conflict would have very serious consequences. Both parties must now show restraint".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/ud/aktuelt/nyheter/2010/korea_trefning.html?id=625482 |title= Oppfordrer Nord- og Sør-Korea til å vise tilbakeholdenhet |trans-title= Calls on North and South Korea to show restraint |publisher= [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |language= no |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
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* {{flag|Poland}}: The Foreign Ministry expressed "deep concern" over the incident and its potential to bring about a regional crisis, and hoped that "the two sides would avoid escalation".<ref>{{cite news|title=Poland expresses 'deep concern' over Korean border conflict|url=http://www.thenews.pl/international/artykul144059_poland-expresses-deep-concern-over-korean-border-conflict.html|date=23 November 2010|agency=thenews.pl|access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
* {{flag|Romania}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] stated that it "is deeply concerned by the armed attack" adding that "We are unequivocally condemning such acts and we call upon the authorities in Pyongyang to put an end without delay to the provocative actions. At the same time, [...] we convey our condolences and heartfelt compassion to the families of the victims."<ref>{{cite web|author=A. K./Ta. B. |url=http://www.mae.ro/en/node/6070 |title=MFA's position on the armed attack by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea against the territory of the Republic of Korea |publisher=MAE.ro |access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Russia}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Foreign Ministry]] stated that "the use of force is an unacceptable path [and that] [a]ny disputes in relations between the North and the South must be settled politically and diplomatically". Additionally, it urged both sides "to demonstrate restraint and peace,"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15707330&PageNum=0 |title=Moscow calls on two Koreas to exercise restraint |publisher=[[Information Telegraph Agency of Russia]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and warned of a "colossal danger" and "said those behind the attack carried a huge responsibility".<ref>{{cite news|title=Koreas in border artillery clash|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11818005|date=23 November 2010|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref> [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Russian Foreign Minister]] [[Sergei Lavrov]] stated that "It is one thing to fire at the water even though these waters are disputed, quite another to fire at the land, at
*{{flag|Singapore}}: The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Singaporean Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned the incident, describing it as a "reckless and provocative action that dangerously heightened tensions in what was an already highly fraught and uncertain situation. [...] We urge both parties to exercise utmost restraint."<ref name="SgMFA">{{cite press release|title=MFA Spokesman's comments in response to media queries on the exchange of artillery fire between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) on Yeonpyeong island|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)]]|date=24 November 2010|url=http://app.mfa.gov.sg/2006/lowRes/press/view_press.asp?post_id=6567|access-date=29 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302193746/http://app.mfa.gov.sg/2006/lowRes/press/view_press.asp?post_id=6567|archive-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
* {{flag|Slovenia}}: Slovenian politician [[Jelko Kacin]], who is part of the European delegation for relations with Korean Peninsula, condemned the "provocations from the North."<ref>{{cite web|author=A. K./Ta. B. |url=http://www.zurnal24.si/svet/severna-koreja-obstreljuje-juzno-192416/clanek |language=sl| title=Zaskrbljeni nad dogajanjem v Koreji – članek | Svet |publisher=Zurnal24.si |access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden}}: [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)|Foreign Minister]] [[Carl Bildt]] commented on his blog, calling the incident "very worrying" and for China to "use the full extent of its influence over Pyongyang to affect its regime".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carlbildt.wordpress.com/2010/11/23/oroande-fran-korea/ |language=sv| title=Oroande från Korea « Alla Dessa Dagar |publisher=Carlbildt.wordpress.com |date=1 September 1939 |access-date=2010-11-24}}</ref>
* {{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}: [[President of the Republic of China|President]] [[Ma Ying-jeou]] accused North Korea of causing regional tension and asked his government to monitor the situation and to prepare for contingencies during the [[Chinese Nationalist Party]]'s 116th anniversary.
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}: Foreign Minister [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] described the attack as "irresponsible" and "affirmed the UAE's support for the government and people of South Korea".<ref>{{cite news|title=North Korea threatens continued strikes on South|url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/north-korea-threatens-continued-strikes-on-south-2010-11-23-1.320187|date=23 November 2010|agency=Emirates 24/7|access-date=2010-11-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125044753/http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/north-korea-threatens-continued-strikes-on-south-2010-11-23-1.320187|archive-date=25 November 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}: [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign Secretary]] [[William Hague]] said in a statement that "[t]he UK strongly condemns North Korea's unprovoked attack" and that it "strongly urge[s] North Korea to refrain from such attacks and adhere to the Korean Armistice agreement".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/9218848.stm |title=As it happened: Korean artillery clash |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Nations}}: [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]]'s spokesman Martin Nesirky said that "[[Ban Ki-moon]] condemned North Korea's artillery attack, calling it 'One of the gravest incidents since the end of the Korean War.'" and that "Ban called for immediate restraint and insisted 'any differences should be resolved by peaceful means and dialogue'."<ref name="dawn.com"/>
* {{flag|United States}}: [[White House Office of the Press Secretary]] said that "The United States strongly condemns this attack and calls on North Korea to halt its belligerent action and to fully abide by the terms of the Armistice Agreement."<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea Fires Artillery at South Korean Island |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/23/statement-press-secretary-north-korean-shelling-south-korean-island |publisher=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-28}}</ref> The United States also deployed [[Carrier Strike Group Five]], led by the {{USS|George Washington|CVN-73|2}}, to the region to participate in previously scheduled training exercises with the South Koreans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Koreas on 'brink of war' because of Seoul, Pyongyang says |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-11-24/world/nkorea.skorea.military.fire_1_lee-administration-korean-coast-guard-north-korea?_s=PM:WORLD |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202063305/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-11-24/world/nkorea.skorea.military.fire_1_lee-administration-korean-coast-guard-north-korea?_s=PM%3AWORLD |archive-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Naval Readiness Exercise Announced | url= http://www.usfk.mil/usfk/showarticle.aspx?id=693&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | work= Release # 101124-2 | publisher= [[United States Forces Korea|United States Forces Korea (USFK)]] | date= 24 November 2010 | access-date= 2011-11-27 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101128004622/http://www.usfk.mil/usfk/showarticle.aspx?id=693&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | archive-date= 28 November 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Uruguay}}: The Uruguayan Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the attack and called on both parties "to refrain from the use of force and to channel the resolution of their differences by peaceful means." Vice President [[Danilo Astori]] and Foreign Minister [[Luis Almagro]] were both in Seoul for a state visit when the attack took place.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uruguay condena ataque a Corea del Sur |url=http://www.uruguayaldia.com/2010/11/uruguay-condena-ataque-a-corea-del-sur/ |publisher=Uruguay al Día |language=es |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=2010-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125213545/http://www.uruguayaldia.com/2010/11/uruguay-condena-ataque-a-corea-del-sur/ |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}}: [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] has expressed concerns about the situation, urging Pyongyang to refrain from taking unilateral measures aimed at further escalating tensions and resolve existing differences through peaceful diplomatic means.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jahonnews.uz/rus/rubriki/politika/soobshenie_informaionnogo_agentstva5_jaxon.mgr|title=Information agency of the MFA of Uzbekistan|language=ru|access-date=26 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201051741/http://www.jahonnews.uz/rus/rubriki/politika/soobshenie_informaionnogo_agentstva5_jaxon.mgr|archive-date=1 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Vietnam}}: A spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry said that the country was concerned at the incident and that "Vietnam opposes the use of force or threatening to use force in international relations and any military action that causes harm to innocent civilians".<ref>{{cite news|title=Vietnam hopes that parties concerned will strive for peace, stability on the Korean peninsula and solve disputes through peaceful negotiations|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/tt_baochi/pbnfn/ns101123200332|date=23 November 2010|agency=Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of border incidents involving North and South Korea]]
*[[North Korea–South Korea relations]]
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==External links==
{{Wikinews|North Korean military fires artillery on populated South Korean island | Korean Peninsula on the 'brink of war': DPRK}}
{{Commonscatinline}}
* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/korean-conflict-1.871015 FAQ: Korean conflict: Understanding North Korea's artillery attack] from CBCnews.ca, last updated 24 Nov 2010
* [http://wsws.org/articles/2010/nov2010/pers-n27.shtml The Korean crisis & the threat of a wider war]
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[[Category:2010 in North Korea]]
[[Category:2010 in South Korea]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Anti-North
[[Category:Anti-South Korean sentiment in North Korea]]
[[Category:Lee Myung-bak Government]]
[[Category:November 2010 events in Asia]]
[[Category:November 2010 events in South Korea]]
[[Category:2010 airstrikes]]
[[Category:2010 building bombings]]
[[Category:Building bombings in Asia]]
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in South Korea]]
[[Category:Attacks on military installations in 2010]]
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