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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Valencia
| official_name = {{Lang|ca-valencia|València
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities in Spain|Municipality]]
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
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| blank_name_sec1 = [[ISO 3166-2:ES|ISO 3166-2]]
| blank_info_sec1 = ES-V
| website =
| twin1 =
| module =
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}}
'''Valencia''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ə|ˈ|l|ɛ|n|s|i|ə}}; {{IPA|es|baˈlenθja|lang|Pronunciation of Valencia in Spanish.ogg}}; officially in {{
Valencia was founded as a [[Roman Republic|Roman]] colony in 138 BC under the name {{ill|''Valentia Edetanorum''|es}}. After the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]], Valencia became part of the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] from 546 AD and 711 AD. [[Al-Andalus|Islamic rule]] and acculturation ensued in the 8th century, together with the introduction of new irrigation systems and crops. The [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] Christian conquest took place in 1238, and so the city became the capital of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]]. The city's population thrived in the 15th century, owing to trade with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, Italian ports, and other Mediterranean locations, becoming one of the largest European cities by the end of the century. Already harmed by the emergence of the [[Atlantic World]] trade in detriment to Mediterranean trade in global trade networks, along with insecurity created by [[Barbary pirates|Barbary piracy]] throughout the 16th century, the city's economic activity experienced a crisis upon the [[expulsion of the Moriscos]] in 1609. The city became a major [[silk]] manufacturing centre in the 18th century. During the [[Spanish Civil War]], the city served as the accidental seat of the Spanish Government from 1936 to 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Valencia |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/websites/valencia/us/city/pgs/cit.history.htm |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=whc.unesco.org |archive-date=23 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023220304/https://whc.unesco.org/archive/websites/valencia/us/city/pgs/cit.history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Port of Valencia]] is the [[List of busiest ports in Europe|
==Name==
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[[File:València el 1563, per Anton van den Wyngaerde.jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.8|View of Valencia by [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]] (1563)]]
[[File:Embarco moriscos en el Grao de valencia.jpg|thumb|Expulsion of the Moriscos from Valencia Grau by Pere Oromig (1616)]]
The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the 1609 expulsion of the [[Morisco
The decline of the city reached its nadir with the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1702–1709), marking the end of the political and legal independence of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]]. During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], Valencia sided with the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] ruler of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles of Austria]]. King Charles of Austria vowed to protect the laws (''[[Furs of Valencia|Furs]]'') of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]], which gained him the sympathy of a wide sector of the Valencian population. On 24 January 1706, [[Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough|Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth]], led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, captured the nearby fortress at [[Sagunto|Sagunt]], and bluffed the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal.
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In the early 20th century, Valencia was an industrialised city. The silk industry had disappeared, but there was a large production of hides and skins, wood, metals, and foodstuffs, the latter with substantial exports, particularly of wine and citrus. Small businesses predominated, but with the rapid mechanisation of the industry, larger companies were being formed. The best expression of this dynamic was in regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue ''L'Albereda'' (''Paseo de la Alameda''), which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry. Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the [[Art Nouveau]] style, such as the [[Estació del Nord (Valencia)|Estació del Nord]] and the Central and Columbus markets.
[[World War I]] (1914–1918) greatly affected the Valencian economy, causing the collapse of its citrus exports. The [[Second Spanish Republic]] (1931–1939) opened the way for democratic participation and the increased politicisation of citizens, especially in response to the rise of Conservative Front power in 1933. The inevitable march toward civil war and combat in Madrid resulted in the relocation of the capital of the Republic to Valencia.
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The average annual temperature of Valencia is {{cvt|18.6|°C|°F}}; {{cvt|23|°C|°F}} during the day and {{cvt|14.2|°C|°F}} at night. In the coldest month, January, the maximum daily temperature typically ranges from {{cvt|15|to|20|C|F}}, the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from {{cvt|6|to|10|C|F}}. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around {{cvt|17|C|F}} during the day and {{cvt|8|C|F}} at night. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds {{cvt|20|°C|0}}, with an average temperature of {{cvt|19.3|°C}} during the day and {{cvt|10|°C}} at night. During the warmest months – July and August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from {{cvt|28|to|32|C|F}}, about {{cvt|21|to|24|°C|°F}} at night. In the summer months, [[humidity]] levels tend to be high (just like in many other seaside cities), which makes the weather feel stuffy and sticky, increasing the [[heat index]]. This makes the {{Convert|30|C|F}} in Valencia may seem hotter than those in inland cities like [[Madrid]] or [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Secreta |first=Valencia |date=2020-06-23 |title=¿Por qué sudamos tanto en Valencia? |url=https://valenciasecreta.com/por-que-sudamos-tanto-en-valencia/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Valencia Secreta |language=es |archive-date=23 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123185240/https://valenciasecreta.com/por-que-sudamos-tanto-en-valencia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The maximum of precipitation occurs in [[autumn]], coinciding with the time of the year when [[cold drop]] (''gota fría'') episodes of heavy rainfall—associated to [[Block (meteorology)#Cut-off highs and lows|cut-off low pressure systems at high altitude]]—<ref>{{Cite web |title=La gota fría: dónde, cuándo y cómo se produce |url=https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/actualidad/gota-fria-donde-cuando-como-produce/20190913162654166097.html |website=Nueva Tribuna |date=13 September 2019 |access-date=21 July 2020 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721141618/https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/actualidad/gota-fria-donde-cuando-como-produce/20190913162654166097.html |url-status=live}}</ref> are common along the Western mediterranean coast.<ref name=climate>{{Cite web |title=El clima de Valencia |url=http://eltiempo.lasprovincias.es/las-cosas-del-clima/clima-valencia |publisher=[[Las Provincias]] |first=Antonio |last=Rivera |date=20 January 2012 |access-date=21 July 2020 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721125917/http://eltiempo.lasprovincias.es/las-cosas-del-clima/clima-valencia |url-status=live}}</ref> The year-on-year variability in precipitation may be, however, considerable
Snowfall almost does not occur at all; the most recent occasion snow accumulated on the ground was on 11 January 1960.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2020 |title=Se cumplen 60 años de la última nevada en València |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/valencia/20200111/472821620039/valencia-nevada-1960-nieve-ciudad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112125943/https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/valencia/20200111/472821620039/valencia-nevada-1960-nieve-ciudad.html |archive-date=12 January 2020 |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=[[La Vanguardia]]}}</ref> Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and the [[Foehn wind|Foehn]] phenomenon, locally known as ''ponentà''.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 February 2020 |title=L'efecte Foehn, fogony o "ponentà" |url=https://vilmeteo.es/el-efecte-foehn/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202194335/https://vilmeteo.es/el-efecte-foehn/ |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |publisher=VilMeteo (Meteo Villarreal) |language=ca-valencia}}</ref> The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/greece/climate-data-historical |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521050629/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/greece/climate-data-historical |url-status=live }}</ref>
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The Valencia metropolitan area had a [[List of cities by GDP|GDP amounting to $52.7 billion]], and $28,141 per capita.<ref name="Brookings">{{cite web |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |title=Global city GDP 2011 |publisher=Brookings Institution |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>
In 2021, the [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB) provided a €27 million loan to Sociedad Anónima Municipal Actuaciones Urbanas de Valencia (AUMSA) to support affordable public rental housing projects, which included building 323 new units and renovating four existing ones, expanding
===Port===
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File:València, Paseo Real Basilica Nuestra Señora-PM 51920.jpg|One of the few arch-bridges that links the cathedral with neighboring buildings. This one built in 1666.
File:WLM14ES - CONVENTO DE SAN MIGUEL DE LOS REYES DE VALENCIA 06122009 130023 00062 - .jpg|Monastery of San Miguel de los Reyes built between 1548 and 1763
File:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, València, Valencia, Spain - panoramio (3).jpg|
file:El Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe – Bilim ve Uzay Müzesi.jpg|[[Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe]]
file:Ágora, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, España, 2014-06-29, DD 58.JPG|[[Assut de l'Or Bridge]] and [[L'Àgora]] behind.
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==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Valencia|Valencia}}
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*[https://www.postalcodigo.com/valencia Postal codes in Valencia]
*[https://spainestate.com spainestate]
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