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{{Short description|Area of London, England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
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| population_ref = (Stanmore Park and Canons wards 2011)
| post_town = STANMORE
| postcode_district = HA7
| postcode_area = HA
| dial_code = 020
| constituency_westminster = [[Harrow East (UK Parliament constituency)|Harrow East]]
}}
'''Stanmore''' is part of the [[London Borough of Harrow]] in [[Greater London]]. It is centred {{convert|11|mi|km}} northwest of [[Charing Cross]], lies on the outskirts of the London urban area and includes Stanmore Hill, one of the [[List of highest points in London|highest points of London]], at {{convert|152|m|ft}} high. The district, which developed from the ancient [[Middlesex]] parishes of Great and [[Little Stanmore]], lies immediately west of Roman [[Watling Street]] (the A5 road) and forms the eastern part of the modern [[London Borough of Harrow]].
Stanmore is the location of the former [[RAF Bentley Priory]] station – base of the [[RAF Fighter Command|Fighter Command]] during both world wars – along with its accommodating [[Bentley Priory]] mansion, notably the last residence of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]. Some members of the [[Bernays family]] were also based here, including [[Adolphus Bernays]] and his son and grandson who were both rectors of [[St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore|St John's church]]; the [[Bernays Institute]] and Bernays Gardens are public amenities in the centre of the old village.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/bernays-memorial-institute-stanmore.html|title = The Bernays Memorial Institute, Stanmore}}</ref>
The district increasingly developed into a [[London]] suburb during the 20th century, and in the latter half housed the [[AA plc|Automobile Association]]'s regional headquarters. Today it is a [[commuter town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fawcettmead.co.uk/lettings/details.php?id=43354502346ZZXB|title = Fawcett Mead | Available Units}}</ref> with a [[Stanmore tube station|
== Toponymy ==
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== History ==
[[File:
[[File:Bentley Priory c 1800.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bentley Priory]] (c.1800)]]
===Rome===
An obelisk on Brockley Hill, in the grounds of the [[Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital]], marks the reputed site of a battle between [[Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar's]] Roman legions and the local [[Catuvellauni]] tribe, under [[Cassivellaunus]]. This battle is said to have taken place during [[Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain|Caesar's raid in force]] on Britain, in
===Origins of the Manors and Parishes of Stanmore===
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===Stately homes===
Between 1713 and 1724, the [[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|1st Duke of Chandos]] built [[Cannons (house)|Cannons]] house in Little Stanmore. Shortly after, in 1729 [[Andrew Drummond (banker)|Andrew Drummond]], the founder of the [[Drummonds Bank]] and [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] sympathiser, purchased [[Stanmore House]] and the Stanmore Park estate as his country residence.<ref>H Bolitho and D Peel, The Drummonds of Charing Cross (London: George, Allen & Unwin, 1967)</ref><ref name="drummond">{{cite web|title=Andrew Drummond, Stanmore Resident and founder of The London bank Messrs Drummond|url=http://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/andrew_drummond.html |website=stanmoretouristboard.org.uk|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211124522/http://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/andrew_drummond.html|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A new mansion was built for Andrew Drummond at Stanmore Park in 1763: it was designed in neo Palladian style by [[John Vardy]] and [[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]]. [[Zoffany]] painted the Drummond family in the grounds. The Drummonds leased Stanmore House to the [[Louisa Finch, Countess of Aylesford|Countess of Aylesford]] (in 1815) and later to Lord Castlereagh. The Marquess of Abercorn acquired the estate, along with Bentley Priory, in 1839. In 1848, Stanmore House was sold again to [[George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton]]. The house was later used as a boys' preparatory school. It was demolished in 1938 and the site was taken over by the [[Royal Auxiliary Air Force]] as the headquarters of Balloon Command.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baggs |first1=A P; Bolton, Diane K; Scarff, Eileen P; Tyack, G C |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5, Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp96-99 |website
[[File:Gilbert-library-working-1891.jpg|thumb|Opera librettist [[W. S. Gilbert]] in the library at [[Grim's Dyke]] (1891)]]
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During [[World War II]], Stanmore played an important role. Stanmore had an outstation from the [[Bletchley Park]] codebreaking establishment, where some of the [[Bombe]]s used to decode German [[Enigma machine|Enigma]] messages were housed. Bentley Priory was taken over by the [[RAF]], and in 1940 the [[Battle of Britain]] was controlled from [[RAF Bentley Priory]]. RAF Bentley Priory closed in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stanmore – Hidden London|url=http://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/stanmore/|website=hidden-london.com|access-date=11 February 2018}}</ref>
In the 1950s the Automobile
| title = End of line for HQ that answered drivers' pleas
| newspaper = Pinner Observer
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| page = 12
| url = https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002510/19930826/074/0012
}}</ref> There were plans to build a shopping centre at the site, but
| title = Marks says No to place in shopping mall
| newspaper = Pinner Observer
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| page = 3
| url = https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002510/19920813/012/0003
}}</ref> before it was demolished in 1993.<ref name="HQ"/> The site lay empty for several years before [[Sainsbury's]] secured its development of a supermarket here, opening at the end of 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/6509803.supermarkets-will-go-ahead-residents-told/|title=Supermarkets will go ahead residents told|date=9 May 1998 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harrowtimes.co.uk/news/58537.second-supermarket-a-surprise-to-stanmore/|title = Second Supermarket a Surprise to Stanmore| date=January 2000 }}</ref>
[[File:Bernays Memorial Hall, The Broadway, Stanmore - geograph.org.uk - 4170106.jpg|thumb|Bernays Institute, a parish hall erected by Rev. Leopold Bernays]]
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| page = 14
| url = https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002510/19920305/102/0014
}}</ref> and was restored during a period of 18 years until 2009. However, the AA call operating centre closed in 1997 when it moved its base to [[Basingstoke]], and in January 1999 it was announced that the
| title = 140 jobs go as AA moves out
| newspaper = Pinner Observer
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{{Main|St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore}}
[[File:St John's Church, Stanmore - geograph.org.uk - 356290.jpg|thumb|[[St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore|The Church of St John the Evangelist]] (1850), seen through the ruin of the 1632 building]]
The first [[parish church]] was the 14th-century St Mary's, built on the site of a wooden [[Saxon]] church, which itself may have been built on the site of a Roman [[compitalia|compitum shrine]].<ref name="SHoS">{{cite web|url=http://www.mellis.me.uk/stjohn.htm|title=Notes about the Churches of Great Stanmore|last=Ellis|first=Mike|date=1996-12-26|work=Short History of Stanmore|publisher=Mike Ellis|access-date=15 January 2010|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719185512/http://www.mellis.me.uk/stjohn.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SJtE">[http://www.stjohnsstanmore.org.uk/content.php?folder_id=9] {{webarchive
This building was replaced by [[St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore|a new one]] built in the current churchyard, consecrated in 1632 and dedicated to [[St John the Evangelist|St. John the Evangelist]].<ref name="SHoS" /><ref name="SJtE" /> Built of brick and consecrated by [[William Laud|Archbishop Laud]], it is one of the relatively small number of churches built in Britain between the medieval period and the eighteenth century.<ref name="SHoS" /> By the nineteenth century, this church had become considered outdated and unsafe. After its replacement, its roof was pulled off and it became a ruin.
A new church was constructed in the [[Gothic Revival]] style from 1849 to 1850. [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]'s last public appearance was to lay the foundation stone of the new church. She gave the font and when the church was completed after her death, the east window was dedicated to her memory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=26912 |title=Great Stanmore: Church
===Stanmore Hall===
Built in the 1840s, Stanmore Hall is a [[Grade II* listed]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101194606-stanmore-hall-stanmore-park-ward|title=Stanmore Hall, Harrow, Harrow}}</ref> building built as a gothic castle. Located on Wood Lane near the top of Stanmore Hill, Stanmore Hall was developed by Matthew John Rhodes and was owned by balloonist [[Robert Hollond]] and his wife [[Ellen Hollond]], who lived for the rest of their lives at the residence. The interiors were redesigned by [[William Morris]] later that century. [[William Knox D'Arcy]] resided at the Hall, where he died in 1917. One of the pioneers of the oil exploration business, D'Arcy's funeral was attended by dignitaries and celebrities, carrying his coffin from the hall through the village to St John the Evangelist for service.<ref name="stanmoretouristboard.org.uk">{{cite web| url = https://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/stanmore_hall.html| title = Stanmore Tourist Board {{!}} Stanmore Hall Wood Lane {{!}} Visit Stanmore}}</ref>
After D'Arcy's death Stanmore Hall was sold and no longer used as a family home. During the Second World War it was used by [[Allied Expeditionary Air Force]], and after the war until 1971 it was a nurse's home for the [[Royal National Orthopedic Hospital]].<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atktMkuOvPwC&pg=PA176|title = British Horror Film Locations|isbn = 9780786451937|last1 = Pykett|first1 = Derek|date = 10 January 2014| publisher=McFarland }}</ref>
Stanmore Hall has been used as a filming location, such as the British films ''[[Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed]]'', ''[[Nothing but the Night]]'', 1960s series ''[[The Avengers (TV programme)|The Avengers]]'' and later ITV's ''[[The Professionals (TV series)|The Professionals]]''.<ref name="stanmoretouristboard.org.uk"/><ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
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===Housing===
<gallery widths=180>
File:Little Common.jpg
File:Morecambe Gardens1994.jpg
</gallery>
== Demography ==
[[File:Stanmore church - geograph.org.uk - 6636900.jpg|thumb|[[St John the Evangelist, Great Stanmore|St John the Evangelist church]]]]
The population of the London Borough of Harrow ward (Stanmore Park) was 11,229 at the 2011 Census.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13688810&c=Stanmore+Park&d=14&e=62&g=6328124&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1477301657137&enc=1|title=Harrow Ward population 2011|access-date=24 October 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics
Stanmore has Christian, [[Muslim]], [[Hindu]], Jain, and [[Jewish]] communities, including its local synagogue, [[Stanmore and Canons Park Synagogue]] on London Road (which has one of the largest memberships of any single synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the UK behind Borehamwood),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacps.org.uk/ |title=Stanmore Synagogue Home Page |publisher=Sacps.org.uk |date=1999-01-12 |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref> an Islamic centre, KSIMC of London (Hujjat)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hujjat.org |title=Hujjat.org |publisher=Hujjat.org |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref> and a new Hindu temple<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swaminarayansatsang.com |title=Portal of Swaminarayan |publisher=Swaminarayan Satsang |date=2013-01-19 |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref> on Wood Lane.
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The 2011 census showed that in Stanmore Park ward, 56% of the population was white (47% British, 7% Other, 2% Irish) and 20% Indian. 31% was Christian, 22% Jewish, 15% Hindu and 11% Muslim.<ref name="UKCensusDataStanmorePark">{{cite web|title=Stanmore Park|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/stanmore-park-e05000303|website=UK Census Data|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> Canons ward (covering eastern areas) was 52% white (40% British, 10% Other, 2% Irish) and 24% Indian. 26% was Christian, 25% Jewish, 18% Hindu and 11% Muslim.<ref name="UKCensusDataCanons" />
== Notable
{{more citations needed|section|date=June 2018}}
[[File:W-s-gilbert-grave.jpg|thumb|right|160px|The grave of [[W. S. Gilbert]] at Stanmore]]
*[[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]] (1792–1849), [[queen consort]] of [[William IV]], lived at [[RAF Bentley Priory|Bentley Priory]], Stanmore from 1848 until her death.
*[[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]], [[Robert Peel|Peelite]] [[Prime Minister]] (in office December 1852 – February 1855)
*[[Frederick Gordon (hotelier)|Frederick Gordon]], hotel millionaire and builder of the first Stanmore railway
*[[W. S. Gilbert]], English dramatist, librettist and illustrator; lived at [[Grim's Dyke]] and died in the lake there. His ashes are buried in Stanmore.
*[[Robert Hollond|Robert]] and [[Ellen Hollond]] lived here. He was a balloonist and MP, and she founded London's first [[Day care|créche]].<ref name=bh>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=26906 Great Stanmore: Introduction', A History of the County of Middlesex]: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 88–96. URL: Date accessed: 12 May 2009.</ref>
*[[Clement Attlee]], [[United Kingdom Labour Party|Labour]] Prime Minister in the first post-war government, lived in a large villa "Heywood", later replaced by [[mid-rise]] apartments.
*[[Chaz Jankel]], singer and multi-instrumentalist, was born in Stanmore.<ref name="theblockheads.com">{{cite web|title=Chaz Jankel|date=14 May 2001 |url=http://www.theblockheads.com/page/biog/chaz|publisher=theblockheads.com}}</ref>
*[[
*[[Dave Bassett]], football coach, was born in Stanmore.
*[[Clive Anderson]], radio and television presenter, was born in Stanmore.
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*[[Anthony Horowitz]], screenwriter and author, was born in Stanmore.
*[[Cyril Shaps]], actor, lived in Stanmore.
*[[Laurie Johnson]], bandleader and composer, lived in Stanmore between 1962 and 2015.
*[[Roger Moore]], actor, famous for his role as [[
*[[Patricia Medina]], actress, lived in Stanmore.<ref>{{cite book|last=Medina Cotten|first=Patricia|title=Laid back in Hollywood: Remembering|year=1998|publisher=Belle Publishing|location=Los Angeles|isbn=0-9649635-2-3|pages=1–2 }}</ref><!-- possibly stretching the bounds of a noteworthy feature of Stanmore-->
*[[Richard Greene]], actor, most notable for his role as Robin Hood, lived in Stanmore when he was married to Patricia Medina.
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*[[William Knox D'Arcy]] lived at Stanmore Hall and died there.
*[[Keith Vaz]], MP, ([[Labour Party (UK)|Lab]]) and his family lived in Stanmore (2005–2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/keith-vaz-how-mp-90k-8782028|title = How Keith Vaz on a £90k-a-year MP salary built up a £4million property portfolio|website = [[Daily Mirror]]|date = 6 September 2016}}</ref>
*[[Olly Mann]], co-host of cult podcast ''[[Answer Me This!]]'', grew up in Stanmore.<ref>{{cite web |title=
*[[James Bord]], professional poker player
*[[Bacary Sagna]], footballer, lived in Stanmore until 2014 while at [[Arsenal FC]].
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*[[Alexis Sánchez]], footballer, lived in Stanmore while playing for [[Arsenal Football Club|Arsenal F.C]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
*[[Nikki Grahame]], television personality and model, lived in Stanmore.
*[[Dolly Alderton]], author, grew up in Stanmore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extract {{!}} Everything I Know About Love by Dolly Alderton |url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/everything-i-know-about-love-9780241982105/extracts/2722-everything-i-know-about-love |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.penguin.com.au |language=en}}</ref>
== Transport ==
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