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{{Party politics}}
{{politics}}
In [[political science]], a '''multi-party system''' is a [[political system]] in which multiple [[political parties]] across the [[political spectrum]] run for national [[election]]s, and all have the
In multi-party systems that use proportional representation, each party wins a number of [[legislative seat]]s proportional to the number of votes it receives. Under first-past-the-post, the electorate is divided into a number of districts, each of which selects one person to fill one seat by a [[plurality voting|plurality of the vote]]. First-past-the-post is not conducive to a proliferation of parties, and naturally gravitates toward a two-party system, in which only two parties have a real chance of electing their candidates to office. This gravitation is known as [[Duverger's law]]. Proportional representation, on the other hand, does not have this tendency, and allows multiple major parties to arise. Proportional systems may have [[Electoral district|multi-member districts]] with more than one representative elected from a given district to the same legislative body, and thus a greater number of viable parties. Duverger's law states that the number of viable political parties is one, plus the number of seats in a district.
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