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→Distribution & Ecology: language |
→Distribution and ecology: "Indian" is an outdated word that should not be used to refer to North America's Indigenous peoples. Nlaka'pamux means "people of the mighty canyon" and therefore does not require an adjective. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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This species' range is [[Arctic Circle|circumpolar]],<ref>C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010. [http://www.eol.org/pages/1092011 ''Calypso bulbosa''. Encyclopedia of Life.]</ref> and includes California, the Rocky Mountain states and most of the most northerly states of the [[United States]]; most of [[Canada]]; [[Scandinavia]] much of European and Asiatic [[Russia]]; [[China]], Mongolia, Korea and [[Japan]]—see external links for map.<ref name="WCSP">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=32239 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref name=Boyden>{{Citation | last = Boyden | first = Thomas C. | year = 1982 | title = The pollination biology of ''Calypso bulbosa'' var. ''Americana'' (Orchidaceae): Initial deception of bumblebee visitors | journal = Oecologia | volume=55 | issue= 2 | pages = 178–184 | doi=10.1007/bf00384485| pmid = 28311231 | bibcode = 1982Oecol..55..178B | s2cid = 12587703 }}</ref> It is found in subarctic swamps and marshes as well as shady places subarctic coniferous forests.
Although the calypso orchid's distribution is wide, it is very susceptible to disturbance, and is therefore classified as threatened or [[endangered]] in several U. S. states and in Sweden and Finland. It does not transplant well<ref name=Coleman/> owing to its [[mycorrhiza]]l dependence on specific soil fungi. The corms have been used as a food source by [[North America]]n [[Native Americans in the United States|native]] peoples. The [[Nlaka'pamux
At least near [[Banff, Alberta]], the calypso orchid is [[pollination|pollinated]] by bumble bees (''[[Bombus]] (Pyrobombus)'' and ''B. [[Psithyrus]]''). It relies on "pollination by deception", as it attracts insects to [[anther]]-like yellow hairs at the entrance to the pouch and forked nectary-like structures at the end of the pouch but produces no [[nectar]] that would nourish them. Insects quickly learn not to revisit it. Avoiding such recognition may account for some of the small variation in the flower's appearance.<ref name=Boyden/><ref>{{Citation | last = Mosquin | first = T. | year = 1970 | title = The Reproductive Biology of ''Calypso bulbosa'' (Orchidaceae) | journal = Can. Field-Nat. | issue = 84 | pages = 291–296 | postscript = <!--none-->}} Summarized by Coleman and by Boyden</ref>
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