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Fuchs was the son of the German immigrant Ernst Fuchs from the [[Jena]] area and of his British wife Violet Watson. He was born in 1908 in [[Freshwater, Isle of Wight]], and attended [[Brighton College]] and [[St John's College, Cambridge]]. He was educated as a geologist, and considered the profession a means of pursuing his interest in the outdoors. He was a member of the [[Sedgwick Club]] at Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/?field=person&terms=%22Fuchs,%C2%A0++++++++Sir+Vivian+Ernest.%C2%A0(++++++++1908-1999)%C2%A0++++++++Knight+Explorer%22|title="Fuchs, Sir Vivian Ernest. ( 1908-1999) Knight Explorer" - Search - Archives Hub|website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref> His first expedition was to [[Greenland]] in 1929 with his tutor [[James Wordie]]. After graduation in 1930, he travelled with a Cambridge University expedition to study the geology of East African lakes with respect to [[Climate change (general concept)|climate fluctuation]]. Next, he joined [[anthropologist]] [[Louis Leakey]] on an expedition to [[Olduvai Gorge]]. In 1933, Fuchs married his cousin, Joyce Connell. A world traveller in her own right, Joyce accompanied Vivian on his expedition to Lake Rudolf (now [[Lake Turkana]]) in 1934. The findings from this expedition, in which two of their companions were lost, brought Fuchs his PhD from Cambridge in 1937.
In February 1936, his daughter Hilary was born. Fuchs organised an expedition to investigate the [[Lake Rukwa]] basin in southern [[Tanzania]] in 1937. He returned in 1938 to find that his second daughter, Rosalind, had severe [[cerebral palsy]]. Rosalind died in 1945. His son, Peter, was born in 1940.
At the age of thirty, he enrolled in the [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]], and was dispatched to the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] from 1942 to July 1943. He returned home and was posted to London at Second Army headquarters in a civil affairs position. The Second Army was transferred to [[Portsmouth]] for the [[Normandy landings|D-Day]] landings, and Fuchs eventually reached Germany in time to see the release of prisoners from the [[Belsen concentration camp]]. He governed the [[Plön]] district in [[Schleswig-Holstein]] until October 1946, when he was discharged from military service with the rank of [[Major (UK)|Major]].
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