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Settled in the 1780s, Elbert was designated seat of the newly formed Elbert County in 1790. It was incorporated as a town in 1803 and as a city in 1896.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA229 | title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States | publisher=Routledge | date=May 13, 2013 | access-date=30 November 2013 | author=Hellmann, Paul T. | pages=229| isbn=978-1135948597 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/d.pdf | title=Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins | publisher=Winship Press | author=Krakow, Kenneth K. | year=1975 | location=Macon, GA | pages=71 | isbn=0-915430-00-2}}</ref> Like Elbert County, Elberton is named for [[Samuel Elbert]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n114 116]}}</ref>
 
Elberton is known as the "[[Granite]] Capital of the World, And top producer of granite". Each year they produce 2,000,000 cubic feet of granite across all 50 states."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egaonline.com/home/industry/elberton.shtml |title=Elberton Granite Association |access-date=2007-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012142804/http://egaonline.com/home/industry/elberton.shtml |archive-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Geography==
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===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Elberton Racialracial Compositioncomposition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1326616&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-07|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
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|48.36%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]]
|1,860
|40.09%
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|1.23%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixedmixed]]
|148
|3.19%
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===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 4,743 people, 1,985 households, and 1,274 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,183.4 people per square mile (456.7 per km<sup>2</sup>). There were 2,265 housing units at an average density of 565.1 per square mile (218.1 per km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 59.33% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 37.99% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.19% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.61% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.33% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.55% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 2.21% of the population.
 
There were 1,985 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.96.
 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.4 males.
 
The median income for a household in the city was $23,246, and the median income for a family was $31,154. Males had a median income of $29,277 versus $19,470 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,486. About 21.3% of families and 24.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 34.3% of those under age 18 and 22.0% of those age 65 or over.▼
 
▲The median income for a household in the city was $23,246, and the median income for a family was $31,154. Males had a median income of $29,277 versus $19,470 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,486. About 21.3% of families and 24.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 34.3% of those under age 18 and 22.0% of those age 65 or over.
 
==Government==
Elberton operates under a [[Councilcouncil-Managermanager]] form of government. In this style of government, the [[city manager]] is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the city, the five-person elected council serves as a board of directors, and the [[mayor]] performs more ceremonial duties and presides over council meetings, although Elberton mayors have traditionally taken a more active role in running the city.
 
The City of Elberton also operates Elberton Utilities, a comprehensive utility system which includes electric, gas, water, sewer, cable television, and internet services; Elberton Public Works, which provides solid waste and street cleaning services and operates the city's cemeteries; Main Street Elberton, which promotes development in the downtown area; and the Elbert Theatre, which reopened in 2001 after extensive renovations and now hosts numerous productions throughout the year. The city is the primary benefactor of the Development Authority of Elberton, Elbert County, and Bowman.
 
For over twenty years, Elberton has been the [[sister city]] of [[Mure, Kagawa]], [[Japan]]. Students have the opportunity each year to participate in an exchange program<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060903090301/http://www.elberton-mure.com/ exchange program]</ref> sponsored by the two cities.
 
Elberton was named a Georgia City of Excellence by the Georgia Municipal Association in 2002. It received commendation as a Trendsetter by ''Georgia Trend Magazine'' in 2005. The city was selected to host the Georgia Literary Festival in 2005 due to the area's contributions to literature.
 
[[Image:Elberton ga night elbert theatre.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The historic Elbert Theatre]]▼
 
==Economy==
▲[[Image:Elberton ga night elbert theatre.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The historic Elbert Theatre]]
 
===Granite===
Elberton claims the title "Granite Capital of the World", although there are no statistics that qualify such a claim. The city's post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] history has largely revolved around the industry, following the opening of the first commercial quarry and manufacturing plant by Dr. Nathaniel Long in 1889.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ouzts|first1=Clay|title='The Man Who Builded on a Rock Was Wise': The Genesis of Elberton's Granite Industry, 1882-1900|journal=Georgia Historical Quarterly|date=2002|volume=86|issue=4|page=587|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9425699&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> As the industry grew in the early 1900s, so did Elberton's importance on the passenger and freight railroad lines, bringing many travelers and businessmen to the city and leading to its heyday.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}
 
Several granite monuments, including the [[Georgia Guidestones]], are located in or near Elberton. For more information on the city's granite industry, see the [http://www.egaonline.com/ Elberton Granite Association website].
 
Elberton's [[Granite Bowl]] seats 20,000 and formerly featured a retired [[Sanford Stadium]] ([[University of Georgia]]) scoreboard.
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===Private education===
Elberton Christian School was located on Rhodes Drive in the city, but has closed in recent years.
 
===Colleges and universities===
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==Media==
Elberton is currently served by one newspaper, ''The Elberton Star,'' though several others (including the ''Elbert County Examiner'' and the ''Elbert Beacon,'' both of which merged with the ''Star'') have covered the city over the years. The ''Star'' has been published since 1887.
 
The ''Anderson (S.C.) Independent-Mail'' publishes a daily Northeast Georgia edition which covers the Elberton area.
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* [[Brent Adams]], [[NFL]] [[Offensive Lineman]] for [[Atlanta Falcons]] and [[Los Angeles Rams]]
* [[Amos T. Akerman]], [[U.S. Attorney General]] under [[Ulysses S. Grant]], fought railroad corruption and the [[Ku Klux Klan]]
* [[William Wyatt Bibb]], appointed first [[governor of Alabama]], [[U.S. senator]], from 1813 to 18161813–1816
* [[Paul Brown (Georgia politician)|Paul Brown]], 14-term U.S. congressman, from 1933 to 19611933–1961
* [[Clark Gaines]], [[NFL]] [[running back]] for [[New York Jets]]
* [[George Rockingham Gilmer]], two-term [[governor of Georgia]], U.S. congressman
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* [[Corra May Harris]], early 20th century author, lived at Farm Hill
* [[Nancy Hart]], [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] heroine
* [[Stephen Heard]], [[governor of Georgia]], from 1780 to 17811780–1781
* [[William H. Heard (ambassador)|William H. Heard]], former slave, clergyman and U.S. ambassador to [[Liberia]]
* [[Joseph Rucker Lamar]], former [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]] justice
* [[Meriwether Lewis]], of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]], lived in Elbert County
* [[Juanita Marsh]], the third female judge in Georgia, 2020 [[Georgia Women of Achievement]] inductee<ref name="gwa-2020">{{cite web |title=Juanita Marsh |url=https://www.georgiawomen.org/marsh-juanita |website=Georgia Women of Achievement |access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[Arnall Patz]], discovered cause of blindness in premature infants and helped develop laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-06|title=Hall of Fame: Arnall Patz, MD|url=http://www.aph.org/hall_fame/bios/patz.html|access-date=2020-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906011055/http://www.aph.org/hall_fame/bios/patz.html|archive-date=September 6, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Charles Tait]], [[U.S. senator]], from 1809 to 18191809–1819
* Otha Thornton, White House Communications Agency J1 director and presidential communications officer (Bush and Obama administrations), 2013 Ebony Power 100, 53rd National Parent Teacher Association president and chairman of the board, and 2018 state Democratic nominee for state school superintendent
* [[Wiley Thompson]], U.S. congressman and Indian agent, oversaw removal of [[Seminole]]s from Florida ([[Second Seminole War]])
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*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Mure, Kagawa|Mure, Japan]] (1983)
 
The program sends and receives high school students and chaperones each year. They stay in Elbert County with host families for 2two weeks. Many long-term relationships have formed between the two cities. The thriving program will celebratecelebrated its 35th year in 2017.
 
==See also==
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* [http://www.elberttheatre.org/ Elbert Theatre]
* [http://www.mainstreet-elberton.net/ Mainstreet Elberton]
* [http://www.egaonline.com/ Elberton Granite Association]
 
{{Elbert County, Georgia}}
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