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| place = The modern state of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas
| result = British victory
▲*Formal end of the Maratha rule.
*Shinde, Holkar and Bhonsale subjected to British suzerainty.
*[[Chhatrapati]] (Maratha king) retained under British suzerainty.
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| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Baji Rao II|Peshwa's forces]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Holkar]]<br> [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Bhonsle]]<br> [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Daulat Scindia|Scindia]]<br> [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]][[Pindari|Various Pindaris]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Empire]]<br> [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[East India Company]]<br> [[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|23px]] [[Hyderabad State]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Bapu Gokhale]] (General of Baji Rao II)<br>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[ Baji Rao II]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings]]<br>[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[John Malcolm]]<br>[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px]] [[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|Thomas Hislop]]<br>[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|23px]] [[Asaf Jah III]]
| strength1 = <!--Over 100,000 -->
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==The Marathas and the British==
[[File:Joppen1907India1805a-21.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of India after the Second Anglo-Maratha War, 1805]]
The Maratha Empire was founded in 1674 by Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] Maharaj the [[Bhosle]] dynasty.{{sfn|Subburaj|2000|p=13}} Shivaji Maharaj led resistance efforts to free the [[Hindus]] from the Mughals and Muslim [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] and established rule of the [[Hindus]]. This kingdom was known as the [[Hindavi Swarajya]] ("Hindu self-rule") in the [[Marathi language]]. Shivaji Maharaj's capital was located at [[Raigad fort|Raigad]]. Shivaji Maharaj successfully defended his empire from attacks by the [[Mughal Empire]] and his [[Maratha Empire]] went on to defeat and overtake it as the premier power in India within few decades. A key component of the Maratha administration was the council of eight ministers, called the ''[[Ashta Pradhan]]'' (council of eight). The senior-most member of the Ashta Pradhan was called the ''Peshwa'' or the ''Pant Pradhan'' (prime minister). {{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
===Growing British power===
While the Marathas were fighting the Mughals in the early 18th century, the British held small trading posts in [[Mumbai]], [[Madras]] and [[Calcutta]]. The British fortified the naval post of Mumbai after they saw the Marathas defeat the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] at neighbouring [[Vasai]] in May 1739. In an effort to keep the Marathas out of Mumbai, the British sent envoys to negotiate a treaty. The envoys were successful, and a treaty was signed on 12 July 1739 that gave the [[British East India Company]] rights to free trade in Maratha territory.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=1}} In the south, the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] had enlisted the support of the French for his war against the Marathas.{{refn|Meaning "Administrator of the Realm", the title of Nizam was specific to the native sovereigns of [[Hyderabad State]], India, since 1719.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}}|group=note}} In reaction to this, the Peshwa requested support from the British, but was refused. Unable to see the rising power of the British, the Peshwa set a precedent by seeking their help to solve internal Maratha conflicts.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}} Despite the lack of support, the Marathas managed to defeat the Nizam over a period of five years.{{sfn|Sen|1994|p=2}}{{failed verification|date=March 2021|reason=the source provided does not prove ethe statement made}}
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