Starogard Gdański: Difference between revisions

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Since 31 March 1440 Starogard was a member of the [[Prussian Confederation]].<ref>Paweł Czaplewski ''Senatorowie świeccy, podskarbiowie i starostowie Prus Królewskich, 1454-1772'', Tomy 26-28 z Roczniki Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu, 1921, p. 178 [https://books.google.com/books?ei=G1giUIGiNMTPhAeWuYDIDQ&hl=en&id=b85ZAAAAIAAJ&dq=Starogard+związek+pruski&q=Toeppen%2C+St.-T.+II%2C176#search_anchor Google Books]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=[[Poznań]]|language=pl|page=XXXVII}}</ref> It took an active part in the 1454 uprising against the [[Teutonic Order]] that led to the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)]]. In 1454, Polish King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] re-incorporated the region to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] upon the request of the Confederation, and the city recognized the King as the rightful ruler. In 1461 the Teutonic Knights took over Starogard, which was then eventually recaptured by Poland in July 1466. In the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|peace treaty]] signed in [[Toruń]] a few months later in 1466, the Teutonic Knights renounced any claims to the city, and recognized it as part of Poland.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=[[Poznań]]|language=pl|pages=89, 207}}</ref> It became part of the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in the province of [[Royal Prussia]] in the larger [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]]. It remained under Polish rule until the [[First Partition of Poland]] in 1772, when it became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] under the name ''Preußisch Stargard''. The city was subjected to [[Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions|Germanisation]] policies. One of the main escape routes for insurgents of the unsuccessful Polish [[November Uprising]] from partitioned Poland to the [[Great Emigration]] led through the city.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Umiński|first=Janusz|year=1998|title=Losy internowanych na Pomorzu żołnierzy powstania listopadowego|magazine=Jantarowe Szlaki|language=pl|issue=4 (250)|page=16}}</ref>
 
In 1871, a large [[vodka]] distillery was built on the western end of city, which survived both world wars and today produces [[Sobieski (vodka)|Sobieski]] and [[Krupnik]]. It is one of Europe's oldest continuously-run vodka distilleries, and one of only a very small handful of vodka distilleries predating 1945.<ref>{{cite web|title=Destylarnia Sobieski S.A. w Starogardzie Gdańskim|url=http://www.wodki.gda.pl/final/historia_1.html|website=www.wodki.gda.pl|access-date=19 April 2018|language=pl}}</ref> In 1871, with the Prussian-led [[Unificationunification of Germany]], Preußisch Stargard became part of the [[German Empire]]. In the same year, it was connected to the rail network and in 1900 a water and gas network was built in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue, a grammar school, a preparatory institute, a district court, a [[Reichsbank]] branch, a main tax office and a number of commercial operations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zeno|title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. meyers-1905-018-0857.|url=http://www.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/K/meyers-1905-018-0857|access-date=2021-07-04|website=www.zeno.org|language=de}}</ref> According to the census of 1905, the town had a population of 10,485, of which 6,297 (60.1%) were [[Germans]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/258355436|title=Ost- und Westpreußen|date=1981|publisher=Kröner|others=Erich Weise|isbn=3-520-31701-X|location=Stuttgart|oclc=258355436}}</ref> In 1906–1907, local Polish children joined the children school strikes against Germanisation that spread throughout the Prussian Partition of Poland.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Korda|first=Krzysztof|title=Strajk szkolny na Kociewiu 1906–1907|magazine=Kociewski Magazyn Regionalny|year=2019|language=pl|issue=2 (105)|page=5}}</ref>
 
Until 1920, the city belonged to the [[Kreis Preußisch Stargard|Preußisch Stargard district]] in [[Regierungsbezirk Danzig]] in the [[West Prussia|Province of West Prussia]] in [[German Reich|Germany]]. After [[World War I]], it was reincorporated into Poland, which had just regained independence as the [[Second Polish Republic]]. In the [[interbellum]] it was a county seat administratively located in the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] of Poland.
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== Notable people ==
[[File:Starogard_Gdański_-_mural_Kazimierz_Deyna.JPG|thumb|185pxupright|[[Kazimierz Deyna]] [[mural]] on his birth house]]
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* [[Adolf Lesser]] (1851–1926) a German physician who specialized in forensic medicine