Biogeochemical cycle: Difference between revisions

For example, in the carbon cycle, atmospheric [[carbon dioxide]] is absorbed by plants through [[photosynthesis]], which converts it into [[organic compound]]s that are used by organisms for energy and growth. [[Carbon]] is then released back into the atmosphere through [[Photorespiration|respiration]] and [[decomposition]]. Additionally, carbon is stored in [[fossil fuel]]s and is released into the atmosphere through human activities such as burning fossil fuels. In the nitrogen cycle, atmospheric [[nitrogen gas]] is converted by plants into usable forms such as [[ammonia]] and [[nitrate]]s through the process of [[nitrogen fixation]]. These compounds can be used by other organisms, and nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere through [[denitrification]] and other processes. In the water cycle, the [[Water#Properties|universal solvent]] water evaporates from land and oceans to form clouds in the atmosphere, and then [[Precipitation|precipitates]] back to different parts of the planet. Precipitation can [[seep]] into the ground and become part of groundwater systems used by plants and other organisms, or can [[Surface runoff|runoff the surface]] to form lakes and rivers. Subterranean water can then seep into the ocean along with [[river discharge]]s, rich with [[dissolved organic matter|dissolved]] and [[particulate organic matter]] and other nutrients.

 

 

Biogeochemical cycles involve the interaction of biological, geological, and chemical processes. Biological processes include the influence of [[microorganism]]s, which are critical drivers of biogeochemical cycling. Microorganisms have the ability to carry out wide ranges of [[metabolic process]]es essential for the cycling of nutrients and chemicals throughout global ecosystems. Without microorganisms many of these processes would not occur, with significant impact on the functioning of land and ocean ecosystems and the planet's biogeochemical cycles as a whole. Changes to cycles can impact human health. The cycles are interconnected and play important roles regulating climate, supporting the growth of [[plant]]s, [[phytoplankton]] and other organisms, and maintaining the health of ecosystems generally. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and using large amounts of fertilizer can disrupt cycles, contributing to climate change, pollution, and other environmental problems.