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=== Czechoslovakia ===
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2006}}
In [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]], centralized land reforms after World War I allowed for the distribution of most of the land to peasants and the poor, and created large groups of relatively well-to-do farmers (though village poor still existed). These groups showed no support for communist ideals. In 1945, immediately after World War II, new land reform started with the [[Third Czechoslovak Republic|new socialist government]]. The first phase involved a confiscation of properties of [[Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)|Germans]], [[Hungarians in Czechoslovakia|Hungarians]], and [[Collaboration with
The third and final phase forbade possession of land above {{convert|50|ha}} for one family. This phase was carried out in April 1948, two months after the [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]] [[1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état|took power by force]]. Farms started to be collectivized, mostly under the threat of sanctions. The most obstinate farmers were persecuted and imprisoned. The most common form of collectivization was ''[[agricultural cooperative]]'' ({{lang-cz|Jednotné zemědělské družstvo}}, JZD; {{lang-sk|Jednotné roľnícke družstvo}}, JRD). The collectivization was implemented in three stages (1949–1952, 1953–1956, 1956–1969) and officially ended with the 1960 implementation of the constitution establishing the [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]], which made private ownership illegal.
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