Ralph Bagnold: Difference between revisions

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[[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] '''Ralph Alger Bagnold''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]],<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7681115&queryType=1&resultcount=1 Documents online: Ralph Alger Bagnold's OBE, awarded 8 July 1941.] The National Archives. Retrieved 22 May 2010.</ref> [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]],<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Kenn | first1 = M. J. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1991.0003 | title = Ralph Alger Bagnold. 3 April 1896 – 28 May 1990 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 37 | pages = 56–68| year = 1991 | s2cid = 72031353 }}</ref> (3 April 1896 – 28 May 1990) was an [[English people|English]] 20th-century desert explorer, [[geologist]] and soldier.
 
In 1932, he staged the first recorded East-to-West crossing of the [[Libyan Desert]]. His work in the field of [[Aeolian processes]] was the basis for the book ''[[The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes]]'', establishing the discipline of aeolian geomorphology, combining field work observations, experiments and physical equations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bagnold |first=R. A. |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-009-5682-7 |title=The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes |date=1971 |publisher=[[Chapman & Hall]] |isbn=978-94-009-5684-1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-5682-7 |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref> His work has been used by United States' space agency [[NASA]] in its study of the terrain of the planet [[Mars]], the [[Bagnold Dunes]] on Mars' surface being named after him by the organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.i4u.com/2015/12/100929/nasa-s-curiosity-rover-investigates-mars-sand-dunes-first-time|title=NASA's Curiosity Rover Studies Mars Sand Dunes for the First Time|last=Bashir|first=Hira|date=12 December 2015|publisher=I4U News|access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Connell‐Cooper |first=C. D. |last2=Spray |first2=J. G. |last3=Thompson |first3=L. M. |last4=Gellert |first4=R. |last5=Berger |first5=J. A. |last6=Boyd |first6=N. I. |last7=Desouza |first7=E. D. |last8=Perrett |first8=G. M. |last9=Schmidt |first9=M. |last10=VanBommel |first10=S. J. |date=2017 |title=APXS‐derived chemistry of the Bagnold dune sands: Comparisons with Gale Crater soils and the global Martian average |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JE005268 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |language=en |volume=122 |issue=12 |pages=2623–2643 |doi=10.1002/2017JE005268 |issn=2169-9097}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bridges |first=Nathan T. |last2=Ehlmann |first2=Bethany L. |date=2018 |title=The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Bagnold Dunes Campaign, Phase I: Overview and introduction to the special issue |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JE005401 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=3–19 |doi=10.1002/2017JE005401 |issn=2169-9097 |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Mariah M. |last2=Lapotre |first2=Mathieu G. A. |last3=Minitti |first3=Michelle E. |last4=Newman |first4=Claire E. |last5=Sullivan |first5=Robert |last6=Weitz |first6=Catherine M. |last7=Rubin |first7=David M. |last8=Vasavada |first8=Ashwin R. |last9=Bridges |first9=Nathan T. |last10=Lewis |first10=Kevin W. |date=2018 |title=The Bagnold Dunes in Southern Summer: Active Sediment Transport on Mars Observed by the Curiosity Rover |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL079040 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=45 |issue=17 |pages=8853–8863 |doi=10.1029/2018GL079040 |issn=0094-8276 |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connell-Cooper |first=Catherine |title=Recap of the Bagnold Dune Investigation |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/recap-of-the-bagnold-dune-investigation?mu=recap-of-the-bagnold-dune-investigation |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=NASA Mars Exploration |language=en}}</ref>
 
During the [[Second World War]], he was a soldier in the [[British Army]], in which he founded the behind-the-lines [[reconnaissance]], [[espionage]] and [[Raid (military)|raiding]] unit the "[[Long Range Desert Group]]", serving as its first commanding officer in the [[North Africa Campaign]].